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1、Unit one Grammar and usageLead-in Robert is a friend of mine.He is interested in dramas and now he is learning how to act.He has been practicing acting in a play for two weeks.He has just finished practicing today.How many tenses are used in the sentences above?一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时现在完成
2、时现在完成时 目标呈现目标呈现1.Learn three types of past tenses including the present tense，Present continuous tense，The present perfect tense，The present perfect continuous tense.2.Learn when these tenses can be used and practise using these tenses correctly.现在时态基本形式构成时态主动一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时现在完成进行时am/is/are;do/doe
3、sbe(am/is/are)doinghave/has donehave/has been doingvI the present tense 1 表示客观事实或普通真理表示客观事实或普通真理.(不受时态限制不受时态限制)The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东方。日本位于中国的东方。The sun rises in the east and sets in the we
4、st.太阳东升西落。太阳东升西落。v2 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态状态,常和常和often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday,once a week 等表等表示频率的时间状语连用示频率的时间状语连用.He takes a walk after supper every day.他每天晚饭后散步。他每天晚饭后散步。My mother works at the same company as my father.我母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。我母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。We always care for eac
5、h other and help each other.我们总是相互关心相互帮助。我们总是相互关心相互帮助。v3 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。Mr.Smith hates fish and never eats any.斯密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃。斯密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃。Mary speaks both English and French very well.玛丽英语和法语都说的很好。玛丽英语和法语都说的很好。v4 表示表示按时间表、议事日程将要发生的按时间表、议事日程将要发生的事是事是安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态
6、。或状态。The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午飞机上午10点起飞。点起飞。Tomorrow is Wednesday.明天是星期三。明天是星期三。v5 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。示将来的动作。We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。I cant leave unless my boss agrees.除非老板同意，否则我不能走。除非老板同意，否
7、则我不能走。Notes:if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall 或或will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。表示意愿，但不表示时态。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party,my family will be pleased.6.一些介词短语现在时可以表达将来的动一些介词短语现在时可以表达将来的动作或状态。如：作或状态。如：be at hand,be well on the way,etc.例句例句:The Spring Festival is at hand.=The Spring Festival
8、is coming.=The Spring Festival is on the way.The building is well on the way to being completed.vII.Present continuous tensev1 表示说话时正在进行的动作。表示说话时正在进行的动作。-what are you doing?-I am writing a letter.Its raining heavily now,so we must stay inside.The water is boiling.v2 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作。表示现阶段一直在进行的动作。Jane
9、is studying law while her sister is doing physics.简在学习法律而她的姐姐在学习物理。简在学习法律而她的姐姐在学习物理。He is teaching English and learning Chinese.他正在一边教英语一边学中文。他正在一边教英语一边学中文。2.表示按计划、方案或安排而近期内要进表示按计划、方案或安排而近期内要进行的动作。在这种情况下谓语动词多为行的动作。在这种情况下谓语动词多为非延续性动词，如非延续性动词，如come，go，leave，move，die，start，stop，arrive等，及等，及少数延续性动词，如少数延
10、续性动词，如spend，stay等。等。She is leaving for Guangzhou next weekWe are spending the whole summer holiday in Beijing soon I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight.我今晚要去见王先生。我今晚要去见王先生。The plane is leaving for London soon.飞机即将飞往伦敦。飞机即将飞往伦敦。4.与副词与副词forever，always，constantly等等连用，表示赞成、厌烦、生气等情绪连用，表示赞成、厌烦、生气等情绪She is always
11、talking loudly at the meeting（表示厌烦）（表示厌烦）She is constantly changing her mind（表示不以为然）（表示不以为然）He is forever complaining about his salary（表示厌烦）（表示厌烦）Notes:以下四类动词不宜用现在进行时。以下四类动词不宜用现在进行时。vA 表示心理状态、情感的动词表示心理状态、情感的动词 Like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,needvB 表示存在状态的动词表示存在状态的动词 a
12、ppear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to,depend onvC 表示瞬间动作的动词表示瞬间动作的动词 allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,completevD 表示感官的动词表示感官的动词 see,hear,notice,smell,sound,taste,look III.The present perfect tensev1 表示反复发生的经历表示反复发生的经历 He has hosted the show eight times.他已经连续八次主持表演。他已经连续八次主持表演。Billy Crystal has been
13、 in many films and television shows.贝利克克里斯托已经出演过多部电影和贝利克克里斯托已经出演过多部电影和电视剧。电视剧。We have been to the Great Wall many times.我们已去过长城多次。我们已去过长城多次。v2 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留下某种后果和影响。下某种后果和影响。He has paid his income tax.他已经交了个人所得税。他已经交了个人所得税。Doctors have found that people who laugh a lot live longer
14、!医生们已经发现经常大笑的人长寿。医生们已经发现经常大笑的人长寿。v3 表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在。表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在。My mother has been ill for three days.我妈妈已经生病我妈妈已经生病3天。天。Most of us have studied English for 5 years.我们大部分人已经学了我们大部分人已经学了5年英语了。年英语了。v4 下列句型中常用现在完成时。下列句型中常用现在完成时。It is(has been)+一段时间一段时间 since+从句从句 This(that/It)is the first(second)ti
15、me that+完成时完成时 This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting.+that+完成时完成时 Its/It has been 3 years since they got married.Its the first time that I have been to the Great Wall.This is the most interesting film that I have seen.vNotes:在时间或条件状语从句中，现在在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。完成时可以代替一般将来时。If you hav
16、e done the experiment,youll understand the theory better.如果你做完试验，你会更好地理解这个如果你做完试验，你会更好地理解这个理论的。理论的。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.车停稳之前，别忙着下车。车停稳之前，别忙着下车。Notes:v 注意区分一般过去时与现在完成时注意区分一般过去时与现在完成时 时间上有差异时间上有差异：凡有具体的过去时间，：凡有具体的过去时间，均用过去时态，不能用完成时，如：均用过去时态，不能用完成时，如：ago,last year,just now,the oth
17、er day 等。等。v结果上有差异结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对：现在完成时强调的是对“现在现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的动完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系。作发生在过去，和现在没有关系。IV.the present perfect continuous tensev 表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要继续下去。这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要继续下去。Chinese have been making paper
18、for more than 2000 years.中国造纸的历史已有中国造纸的历史已有2000多年了。多年了。Doctors have been researching that question for many years.多年来，医生们一直在研究这个问题。多年来，医生们一直在研究这个问题。The children have bee watching TV all morning.孩子们一上午一直在看电视。孩子们一上午一直在看电视。高考链接高考链接vAlthough he has lived with us for years,he _ us much impression.A hadnt
19、 left B didnt leave C doesnt leave D hasnt left (NMET 2003年年)All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor,her nervousness_.A has grown B is growing C grew D had grown _ David and Vicky _ married?For about three years.(NMET 2003年北京年北京)A How long were;being B How long have;got C Ho
20、w long have;been D How long did;get(NMET 2002年春季北京年春季北京)John and I _ friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we _ each other a couple of times before that.A had been;have seen B have been;have seen C had been;had seen D have been;had seenTranslate the followi
21、ng sentences:火车将在上午火车将在上午9：00点钟开。点钟开。The train starts at nine in the morning.那个小孩总是爱惹麻烦。那个小孩总是爱惹麻烦。That boy is always making trouble.我做完家庭作业就去你家。我做完家庭作业就去你家。Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.你在逛街的时候别忘了交通规则。你在逛街的时候别忘了交通规则。When you are going around the street,dont forget the traffic
22、 rules.用所给动词的一般现在时，现在完成用所给动词的一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时或现在完成进行时的时，现在进行时或现在完成进行时的形式填充。形式填充。v-How long_ David and Vicky _ _(marry)?v-For about three years.v2.Come and see me whenever it _(be)convenient to you.v3.The water will be further polluted unless some measures _ _(take).havebeen marriedisare taken6.Beca
23、use the shop_ _(close)down,all the T-shirts are sold at half price.7.Every possible means _ _ _(try)to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.8.-Whats that terrible noise?-The neighbors _ _(prepare)for a party.9.The Smiths moved to settle in Canada in 2003,so they_ _ _(live)there f
24、or 3 years.is closinghas been triedare preparinghave been livingv10.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ _(persuade)to eat more fruit and vegetables.v11.You _ always _(watch)television.Why not do something more active?v12.The crazy fans _ _ _(wait)patiently for
25、 two hours and they will wait till the movie star arrives.v13.Dont stop your car here.Look at the sign which _(read)“No Parking!”are persuadedarewatchinghave been waitingreads1.Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.I think so.He _ for it for months.(2008江苏)A.is preparing B.was prepari
26、ng C.had been preparing D.has been preparing2.By the time he realizes he _ into a trap,itll be too late for him to do anything about it.(2008山东)A.walks B.walked C.has walked D.had walked3.So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.(2008福建)A.saw B.see C.had seen D.have s
27、een4.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School,where she _ English for a year.(2007湖南)A.studies B.studied C.is studying D.has been studyingD D D C5.Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.(2007福建)A.worksB.is working C.has workedD.had worked6.
28、I have got a headache.No wonder.You_ in front of that computer too long.(2007江西)A.work B.are working C.have been working D.worked7.The unemployment rate（失业率）in this district_ from 6%to 5%in the past two years.(2007上海)A.has fallen B.had fallen C.is falling D.was fallingCCA8.Now that she is out of job
29、,Lucy _ going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet.(北京)A.had considered B.has been considering C.considered D.is going to consider9._ you _ him around the museum yet?(2007江苏)Yes.We had a great time there.A.Have;shown B.Do;show C.Had;shown D.Did;show10.Hi,Tracy，you look pale.I am tired.I _ the living room all day.A.painted B.had painted C.have been painting D.have paintedBAC