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1、一、词类：这里强调一点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is1）名词复数如何加后缀（各种不同情况变化）A.一般情况直接加-sbook-booksbag-bagscat-catsbed-bedsB.以s.x.sh.ch 结尾加-es：bus-busesbox-boxesbrush-brusheswatch-watchespeachpeachesglassglassesC.以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y 为i,再加-esfamily-familiesstudystudiesD.以“f 或fe”结尾变f 或fe 为v，再加-esknife-knivesE.不规则名词复数man-menwoman-wom
2、enpoliceman-policemenpolicewoman-policewomenmouse-micefoot-feetchild-childrenfish-fishChinese-Chinese一、词类：练习写出下列各词的复数I_him_this_her_watch_child_photo_diary_day_foot_book_dress_tooth_sheep_box_strawberry_thief_yo-yo_peach_sandwich_man_woman_paper_juice_water_milk_rice_tea_ 2.人称代词第三人称第二人称第一人称I，we 主格yo
3、u he,she,it,theyme，us you him，herIt them宾格3.形容词性物主代词I you she he it they we主格：My your her his its their our 形容词性物主代词:1.This is（my/I）mother.2.Nice to meet（your/you）.3.（He/His）name is Mark.4.Whats（she/her）name?1.5.Excuse（me/my/I）.6.Are（your/you）Miss Li?7.（I/My）am Ben.8.（She/Her）is my sister.9.Fine,tha
4、nk（your/you）.10.How old is（he/his）exercises4.指示代词指近处指远处单数this（这个）that（那个）复数these（这些）those（那些）5.冠词有a、an、the。a和an的区别：an 用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母a、e、i、o、u）前，a用于辅音音素前。6.形容词和副词的比较级一、形容词的比较级1.形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,alittle 来修饰表示程度。than 后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。2.形容词加er 的规则：一般在词尾加er；以字母e
5、 结尾，加r；3.以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er；“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y 变i，再加er。4.不规则形容词比较级：good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful二、副词的比较级1 形容词与副词的区别(有be 用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动)（1）在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be 动词之后（2）副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化：well-better,far-farther)练习根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1.Mybrotheristwoyears_(old)
6、thanme.2.Tomisas_(fat)asJim.3.Isyoursister_(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4.Whois_(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.5.Whosepencil-boxis_(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.6.Marys hair is as _(long)as Lucys.7.Ben _(jump)_(high)than some of the boys in his class.8._ Nancy sing _(well)than Helen?Yes,she _.9.Fangfang is not as
7、 _(tall)as the other girls.10.My eyes are _(big)than _(she).11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig?12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom?二、否定句be 动词（am、is、are）+not、情态动词can+not、助动词（do、does）+not如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：1.看句中有无be 动词，如有，直接在be 动词后+not。2.看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+not。3.如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+not。三、一般疑问句（1
8、）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。（2）确定助动词用do、does，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does，（3）在助动词后加not。（4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有some 的要考虑是否要用any。常用疑问词：Whattime 什么时间 问具体时间，如几点Who 谁问人Whose 谁的问主人Where 在哪里问地点What 什么问东西、事物Whatcolour 什么颜色问颜色Howold 多大年纪问年纪Howmany 多少数量（可数名词）问数量Howmuch 多少钱；多少数量（不可
9、数名词）问多少钱或数量（不可数）五 时态（一）：一般现在时用法：经常性的和习惯性的动作常用时间状语：usually,sometimes,inusually,sometimes,inspring,everyday,inthemorningspring,everyday,inthemorning动词构成：动词原型：动词原型.work.work动词动词+S.+S.（主语是第三人称单数）（主语是第三人称单数）worksworks 否定构成：dont+动原doesnt+动原一般疑问构成及简答：Do+主语+动原+其它？Yes,Ido.Does+主语+动原+其它？No,hedoesnt.特殊疑问举例：1.W
10、hatdoyouoftendoonSundays?2.Wheredoeshelive?1.She _(go)to school at eight oclock.2.Its six oclock.They are _ supper.(eat)3.He usually _ up at 17:00.(get)4.She _(live)in Beijing.5.Sally _(be)here just now.(刚才)6._(be)there a fly(苍蝇)on the table just now?7.They are _(dig)a hole(洞).8.My father _(mend)his
11、 model(模型)plane these days用法：说话时正在进行的动作或当 前一段时间正在进行的动作常用时间状语：now,thesedays动词构成：am/is/are+现在分词(-ing)am/is/areworking否定构成：am/is/are+not+现在分词Forexample:Tomisplayingfootballontheplayground.一般疑问构成及简答：Am/Is/Are+主语+现在分词+其它？Yes,Iam(heis.)/No,theyarent特殊疑问举例：Whatareyoudoingnow?Whoisflyingakitethere?用括号内所给动词的
12、适当形式填空。1.Look!Thechildren_(swim)intheriver.2.Nowwe_(want)toplaybasketball.3.-_you_(draw)apicture?-No,Imnot.I_(write)aletter.4 Whatareyou_(do)now?I_(eat)bread.5.Itsnineoclock.Myfather_(work)intheoffice.6.Look,theboy_(put)therubbishintothebin.7._he_(clean)theclassroom?No,heisnt.He_(play).8.WhereisMark
13、?He_(run)onthegrass.9.Listen,who_(sing)inthemusicroom?Oh,10.Look!LiPingandLiYing_(play)basketballnow.用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作常用时间状语：yesterday,last night,two days ago,in 2000,at that time,before liberation，when 等引导的含 过去时的句子。动词构成：动词过去时（-ed）worked work否定构成：didnt+动原 didnt work 一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+主语+动原+其它？Yes,主语
14、+did./No,主语+didnt.一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+主语+动原+其它？We went to the cinema yesterday.Did you go to the cinema yesterday?特殊疑问句举例：What did he do yesterday?When did he get up this morning?备注：He opened the door.(不能确定门现在是否开着)练习w一、用be动词的适当形式填空1.I _ at school just now.2.He _ at the camp last week.3.We _ students two
15、 years ago.4.They _ on the farm a moment ago.5.Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6.There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7.There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8.The mobile phone _ on the sofayesterday evening.二、句型转换1.Itwasexciting.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_2.Allthestudentswereveryexcited.否定句：
16、_一般疑问句：_肯、否定回答：_用法：将来会出现或发生的动作常用时间状语：thisevening,tomorrow,nextmonth,inafewminutes,attheendofthisterm动词构成:1.will/shall+动原2.am/is/aregoingto+动词原型3.sm/is/are(about)+动词不定式4.am/is/are+coming 等现在分词否定构成：will/shallnotdo/am/is/arenotgoingtodo特殊疑问句举例:Whatwillyoudotomorrow?Whenarewegoingtohaveaclassmeeting?备注：
17、在if 条件或assoonas 等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。IwillwritetoyouassoonasIarrivedinBeijing.练习填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I_haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What_nextMonday?I_playbasketball.What_youdonextMonday?I_playbasketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_yourmother_goshoppingthis_?Yes,she_.She_buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。