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1、英语的时态英语的时态（1 1）1.表示经常性;习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与usually,often,always,everyday,sometimes,onceamonth,never,onMondays等时间状语连用。2.表示普遍真理和客观存在的事实。He never gives up,whenever he fails.Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees.一、一般现在时的用法一、一般现在时的用法3.表示现在时刻发生的动作或存在的状 态。4.表示与安排、计划或时刻表有关的动 作。常用于起始、往返、出发、到达 之意的动词。Its Sunday tod
2、ay.You look very tired.The evening class begins at 19:00.My father returns home next Sunday.知识扩展：一般现在时表将来知识扩展：一般现在时表将来知识扩展：一般现在时表将来知识扩展：一般现在时表将来1）下下列列动动词词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的的一一般般现现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoe
3、sthebusstart?Itstartsintenminutes.2）在时间或条件句中。在时间或条件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.IllwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.3）在动词在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后。等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.二、一般过去时的用法二、一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或
4、存在的状态。）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。等。Wheredidyougojustnow?IsawTominthestreetyesterday.IboughtthisTVsetinBeijinglastyear.2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.Healwayswenttoworkbybus.Heusedto
5、actlikethat.3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。（1）动词）动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如：等。例如：Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwantedtoaskyouaboutthat.Didyouwanttospeaktomenow?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.（2）情态动词情态动词could,would，例如：例如：Couldyoulendmeyourbike?4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。If
6、Iwereabird,IwouldflytoBeijing.Ifhewereherenow,wecouldturntohimforhelp.三、一般将来时三、一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称，常被用于第一人称，常被will所代替。所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称。在陈述句中用于各人称。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2)begoingto+不定式，表示将来。不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。Whatareyougoingtodoto
7、morrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事。计划，安排要发生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeputonnextmonth.c.有迹象要发生的事有迹象要发生的事“预见性将来预见性将来”Lookatthedarkclouds;thereisgoingtobeastorm.3)be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.4)beaboutto+不定式，意为马上做某事。不定式，意为马上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意：注意：注意：注意：beabo
8、utto不能与不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。时间状语连用。betobeto和和和和begoingtobegoingto的用法之比较：的用法之比较：的用法之比较：的用法之比较：beto表表示示客客观观安安排排或或受受人人指指示示而而做做某某事事。而而begoingto则则表表示示主主观的打算或计划。例如：观的打算或计划。例如：Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客观安排客观安排)Imgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主观安排主观安排)be going tobe
9、 going to与与willwill答语答语B与与C有什么区别？有什么区别？A：The salt has been used upB：Im going to get some todayC：Ill get some today乍然看来，乍然看来，B和和C的答话的意思是一样的，的答话的意思是一样的，都是：都是：“今天我要去买些今天我要去买些”，其实不然。，其实不然。B用用 amgoingtoget回答，其言外之意是：回答，其言外之意是：“在在A讲完这句话之前，他早已心中有数，并讲完这句话之前，他早已心中有数，并且早就有去买的打算且早就有去买的打算”。C用用will get来回答，来回答，表示：
10、表示：“事前并不知道盐已用完，原先也没事前并不知道盐已用完，原先也没有打算去买，直等到有打算去买，直等到A讲了之后，他才决定讲了之后，他才决定去买去买”。答语答语B与与C有什么区别有什么区别？A：Where is my dictionary？B：Im going to get it for youC：Ill get it for you表示说话时马上要做的动作表示说话时马上要做的动作(多半是听了对多半是听了对方的话语后所做出的反应方的话语后所做出的反应)，用，用will：A：My chest hurts when I breathe.B：Can you lie down please,and
11、Ill examine you?在表示按计划或安排要发生的动作时，可以用begoingto；will表示单纯的将来,只是客观的叙述,并无规定或计划之意。1.The railway is going to be open in October.2.Is there going to be a party tomorrow evening?3.It will become warm when spring comes.两者皆可用于预料要发生的动作，表示说话人的揣测，用will；表示现在已有迹象表明将要发生某种情况，多用begoingto。Lootattheclouds.Itisgoingtorai
12、n.Shewillbeallrightaftertakingthemedicine.ThatwillbeDrWangsclinic.Letsgoandhavealook.begoingto 可用于表示将来时间的条件状语从句，will却不能：If he is going to take the exam,hed better get prepared.If we are going to start early,5 oclock is OK.1.Can I speak to Jim,please?Just a minute.I _ get him.2.The agreement _ come i
13、nto force next year.3.Im not feeling well,and I _ go to see a doctor.4.I think it _ snow.5.Next year,he _ be thirty years old.willwill/is going towillwillwill6.How _ you _ spend your holiday?7.Ive decided to repaint this room.Oh,have you?What colour _ you _ paint it?8.The weather is so nice and I am
14、 going to sit in the garden.Thats a good idea.I _ join you.willaregoing toaregoing to四四.现在进行时现在进行时1.表示此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作：Would youpleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreport_andIwanttolisten.(2009湖南卷）湖南卷）A.isbroadcast B.isbeingbroadcastC.hasbeenbroadcastD.hadbeenbroadcast2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在发生：Teenagers_their
15、healthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.A.havedamagedB.aredamagingC.damagedD.willdamage（2008重庆卷）重庆卷）3.与 always,allthetime等连用可表示反复性、一贯性的动作，且常带有赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。He_ofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.A.willalwaysthinksB.isalwaysthinkingC.hasalwaysbeenthoughtDe,go,leave,arrive,start,fly,drive 等动词可用现在进行时表示安排和计划或即将
16、发生的动作。Iwanttoknowwhenhe_forNewYork.A.hasleftB.isleavingC.hadleftD.wouldleave知识扩展：不用进行时的动词知识扩展：不用进行时的动词知识扩展：不用进行时的动词知识扩展：不用进行时的动词1)1)事事事事实实实实状状状状态态态态的的的的动动动动词词词词。如如：have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continueIhavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister.2)2)心心心心理理理理
17、状状状状态态态态的的的的动动动动词词词词。如如：know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hateIneedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.3)3)瞬瞬瞬瞬间间间间动动动动词词词词。如如：accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.Iacceptyouradvice.4)4)系系系系动动动动词词词词。如如：seem,
18、remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turnYouseemalittletired.五、过去进行时五、过去进行时概概念念：表表示示过过去去某某时时正正在在进进行行的的状状态态或或动动作作。常常用用的的时时间间状状语语有有：thismorning,thewholemorning,atthatmoment,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while例句：例句：Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.Itwasrainingwhentheylef
19、tthestation.WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题1)Mary_adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismaking C.wasmakingD.makes答答案案C.割割伤伤手手指指是是已已发发生生的的事事情情，应应用用过过去去时时。同同时时，when表表时时间间的的同同时时性性，玛玛丽丽在在做做衣衣服服时时提提供供事事情情发发生生的的背背景景，因因此此用用过过去去进行时。进行时。2)Asshe_thenewspaper,Granny_asleep.A.read;
20、wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell答案答案B.句中的句中的as=while，意为意为当当之时之时。描述一件事发生的背。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为句意为在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的句中的fell(fall的过去时的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fallsick。1.Nowadays,alargenumberofwomen,especia
21、llythosefromthecountryside,_intheclothingindustry.A.isworkingB.worksC.workD.worked2.Doyoulikethecloth?Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt3.Monthsago,wesailed10,000milesacrossthisopensea,which_thePacific,andwemetnostorms.A.wascalledB.iscalledC.hadbeencalled D.hasbeencalled4.SinceIwontheb
22、igprize,mytelephonehasntstoppedringing.People_toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning5.Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?Iamgoingtothecinemawithsomefriends.Thefilm_quiteearly,sowe_tothebookstoreafterthat.A.finished;aregoingB.finished;goC.finishes;aregoingD.finishes
23、;go6.Becausetheshop_,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.A.hascloseddown B.closeddownC.isclosingdownD.hadcloseddown7.I_ping-pongquitewell,butIhaventhadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play8.Whenwillyoucometoseeme,Dad?Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou_thetrainingcourse.A.willhavefinishedB.
24、willfinishB.arefinishingD.finish9.Healways_carefulnoteswhileheislisteningtotheteacherinclass.A.willtakeB.tookC.takesD.istaking 1.Look!How wonderful my car is!Oh,Jack.What are youthinkingabout?Dontyoulikeit?ImsorryI_anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkitssmart.A.wasntmakingB.dontmakeC.wontmakeD.did
25、ntmake2.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity_sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange3.He_quitewell,buthehasnthadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswimB.haveswumC.swamD.swims4.Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup,buthe_bynow.A.hasntturnedu
26、pB.doesntturnupC.wontturnupD.hadntturnedup5.Imterriblysorryforbeinglate,butI_thewrongbus.A.catchB.hadcaughtC.caughtD.catching7.Thetruth,sir,isthattheoldman_acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim.A.wastowalkB.hadbeenwalkingC.walkedD.waswalking8.IreallydontthinkRosewillbeupset,butIwillgoandseeherincaseshe_.A.is
27、B.doesC.willbeD.hasbeen9.Thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbest,butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey_.A.wereplayingB.weretoplayC.hadplayedD.played10.Kateisinhospital.Oh,really?I_._visither.A.didntknow;IllgoandB.dontknow;IllgoandC.dontknow;ImgoingtoD.didntknow;Imgoingto11
28、.Where_theguidebook?Icantseeitanywhere.I_itrighthere,butnowitsgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.hadyouput;haveputC.haveyouput;putD.wereyouputting;put14.Doyouliveinthiscity?No,we_itforholidays.A.justvisitB.justvisitedC.arejustvisitingD.havevisited15.Howistheoldmannow?Sorry,he_thoughtheydidalltheycouldtosaveh
29、im.A.wasdeadB.haddiedC.hasbeendeadD.died16.Thelakewillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures_.A.willbetakenB.aretakenC.weretakenD.hadbeentaken17.Imafraiditwillbetwomonths_.A.whenIcomebackB.whenIllcomebackC.beforeIcomebackD.beforeIllcomeback18.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look forsomethinghe_intheoffice.A.hadworked,hadleftB.wereworking;hadleftC.working;hadleftD.hadworked;left21.Thenotice_“Nosmoking”.A.istoldB.readsC.tellsD.isread