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1、Unit 1 Art虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood1.1.英语动词有三种语气英语动词有三种语气:陈述语气，祈使语陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气气和虚拟语气。2.2.定义：定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。一、一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 If条件从条件从句句主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式条件从句的谓条件从句的谓语形式语形式表示过去表示过去表示将来表示将来 一般过去时一般过去时,be动词用动词用we
2、re过去完成时过去完成时would/could/should/might+动词原形动词原形1.一般过去时，一般过去时，be动词用动词用were2.were to+动词原形动词原形3.should+动词原形动词原形would/could/should/might+动词原形动词原形表示现在表示现在would/could/should/might+have+过去分词过去分词 If I were you,I would give AIDS patient a hug.If I knew it,I would tell you.1.与现在事实相反与现在事实相反2.与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 If I
3、had taken your advice,I wouldnt have made a mistake.If he had been there,it wouldnt have happened.If it should rain tomorrow,they wouldnt go for an outing.If we planned it properly,we could finish it.If we were to have three days off,we would enjoy a very happy life.3.3.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反二、虚拟语气二、虚拟语气在在w
4、ish 后的宾语从句后的宾语从句中的用法：中的用法：1)表示现在的情况用过去式，表示现在的情况用过去式，be 动词用动词用were:I wish I were a bird.I wish that he stayed home now.2)表示过去的情况用过去完成时表示过去的情况用过去完成时:I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.3)表示将来的情况用表示将来的情况用would/could/might+动词动词 原形原形:We wish our parents wouldnt punish us.三、三、虚拟语气虚拟语气用用在在would rather 后的宾语从
5、句中。后的宾语从句中。1）表示现在或将来的情况用过去时：表示现在或将来的情况用过去时：I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you came tomorrow.2)表示过去的情况用过去完成时：表示过去的情况用过去完成时：I would rather you had gone then,too.四、在四、在as if/as though 从句中从句中,亦可用虚拟语气表亦可用虚拟语气表示与事实相反。示与事实相反。表示现在的情况表示现在的情况,用过去时用过去时;表表示过去的情况示过去的情况,用过去完成时用过去完成时;表示将来的情况表示将来的情况,
6、用过去将来时：用过去将来时：She loves the baby as if it were her own son.It seems as if he knew it.They talked as if they had been friends for years.注意：若不用虚拟语气注意：若不用虚拟语气,则表示可能或真则表示可能或真 实的情形。实的情形。It looks as if I am going to be busy for days.It looks as though it is going to rain.The door is locked as if he has go
7、ne out.五、五、在在“It is(high)time+(that)”中中,that 从句用从句用过去式过去式（be用用were）或）或should+动动词原形词原形,should 不可省略。不可省略。Its high time(that)you went.Its(high)time that you should go.六、表示要求，请求、命令，建议的动词后跟六、表示要求，请求、命令，建议的动词后跟that 从句时，从句时，that从句要用虚拟语气，使用从句要用虚拟语气，使用should+动词原形动词原形,或将或将should省略。省略。常见动词：1.insist(坚持要坚持要,坚决要求
8、坚决要求)2.order,command (命令命令)3.advise(建议建议),suggest(建议建议),propose(建议建议,提提议议)4.demand(要求要求),require(要求要求),request(请求请求,要求要求),desire(要求要求,请求请求)1)We suggest/advise/propose that Tom(should)have a rest.2)He insisted that I(should)be present.3)The king ordered/commanded that the prisoners(should)be killed t
9、he next day.4)They requested that we(should)send them to work there.5)He desired/demanded/required that we(should)see her at once.以上动词以及相应的名词构成的名词性从句包以上动词以及相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气，即：拟语气，即：(should)动词原形动词原形 如：如：order,command,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request
10、,requirement,desire1)Its suggested that the plan(should)be carried out.2)What I advise is that we(should)set off right away.3)My demand is that she(should)come to see me once a week.4)All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory(should)be closed down.5)This is his order that you(should)be
11、in hospital.insist/suggest不接虚拟不接虚拟的用法的用法1)She insisted that she was right.她她坚持认为坚持认为(坚持说坚持说)自己是对的。自己是对的。2)His accent suggests that he is from Sichuan.他的口音他的口音表明表明他是四川人。他是四川人。七、不含有七、不含有if从句的虚拟语气含蓄条件句，如从句的虚拟语气含蓄条件句，如without(如果不如果不)、but for(要不是要不是)、but、otherwise(否则否则)，或者通过分词短语表示条件。，或者通过分词短语表示条件。其动词形式同虚
12、拟语气条件句的主句。其动词形式同虚拟语气条件句的主句。But for him,I wouldnt live now.Without your aid,I would not have entered college.He was busy then,otherwise he would have gone with you.I would go to her help,but I am not free now.Given more time,we could have done it better.八、用在八、用在“If only（要是要是该多好）该多好）”中。中。表示现在的情况表示现在的情
13、况,应用过去式应用过去式;如果是过去的情如果是过去的情况况,应用过去完成时应用过去完成时;表示将来用表示将来用would/could/might+动词原形动词原形。(同同wish)1）If only I knew his name!=I wish that I knew his name.2）If only we had followed your advice!=We wish that we had followed your advice.3）If only I could see him again!=I wish I could see him again.九、在九、在“Its ne
14、cessary/strange/natural/important”中，中，that从句中要用从句中要用（should）+动词原形动词原形It is important that we(should)master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.十、十、虚拟语气混合条件：虚拟语气混合条件：虚拟语气条件从句的谓语动词发生的时间与主句虚拟语气条件从句的谓语动词发生的时间与主句谓语动词发生的时间不一致，这种条件句叫
15、做谓语动词发生的时间不一致，这种条件句叫做混混合条件句合条件句。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间分别决定。时间分别决定。If the weather had been finer,the crops would be growing better.(从句指过去从句指过去,主句指现在）主句指现在）If you had followed the teachers advice,you wouldnt be in hospital.(从句指过去从句指过去,主句指现在）主句指现在）十一、虚拟条件句倒装。十一、虚拟条件句倒装。条件从句中有条件从句中有should，w
16、ere，had三个助动词可以把三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三省略，并将这三个词提至句首。个词提至句首。1.If I were you,I would give it up.=Were I you,.2.If I had known then,I wouldnt have gone there.=Had I known then,3.If it should rain tomorrow,we would put off the match.=Should it rain tomorrow,十二、虚拟语气可用在十二、虚拟语气可用在“if it were not for或或if it had n
17、ot been for（要不是（要不是的话）的话）”引导的引导的句子中。句子中。If it were not for your aid,I would not be studying here now.(指现在指现在)=Were it not for your aid,(倒装句倒装句)If it had not been for your rescue,I would have been dead.(指过去指过去)=Had it not been for your rescue,(倒装句倒装句)十三、虚拟语气可用在下列句型中：十三、虚拟语气可用在下列句型中：1.should have done
18、本来应该干本来应该干 =be supposed to have done =be to have done =ought to have done You are late.You should have come earlier.2.could have done本来能够本来能够(可以可以)干干 You could have come earlier,but you didnt.但但could have done 还可表示还可表示 推测过去的情况推测过去的情况：He didnt come yesterday.He could have been ill.3.neednt have done本来不必干本来不必干 You neednt have come so early.It is only six.