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1、省合肥市庐江县2014-2015学年八年级物理下学期期末考试试题（扫描版） 粤教沪版（常用版）(可以直接使用，可编辑 完整版资料，欢迎下载）安徽省合肥市庐江县2021-2021学年八年级物理下学期期末考试试题庐江县2021/2021学年度第二学期期末考试八年级物理参考答案一、填空题(每空1分，作图2分，共25分；将答案直接写在横线上，不必写出解题过程)BA墙体OGL1.卫； 运动； 2使物体发生形变； 大气压强； 右。3. 9.0104 1500 4.变小 27 5.1.25 上浮67.5，150km/h，会7.10 1.5 103 8.相互； 滚动； 运动状态90.6； 6.0； 大于 10
2、.A如图二、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。每小题只有一个答案符合）11.B 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.C 16.D 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.D三、实验题（本大题共3小题，每题8分，计24分）21. (1)相同 (2)液体压强与液体深度的关系 (3)C (4)103 22. 57.37 变小 熟 大于 23.（1） 0.02kg （2） 消除杠杆自重的影响 （3） (4)确定动力作用点后，可以通过改变拉力的大小使杠杆更快地在水平方向平衡四、计算与推导题(第24小题6分，第25小题7分，第26小题8分，共21分；解答要有必要的公式和解答过程，只有最后答案
3、的不能得分)24. 如图：上表面所处的深度为h1，则上表面受到的压强为p1=gh1，受到的压力为F1=P1S=gh1S；2分下表面所处的深度h2 = h1+h，则下表面受到的液体压强为p2=g（h1+h），受到的压力为F2=P2S=g（h1+h）S2分因此液体对正方体产生一个向上的压力和向下的压力不相等，压力差F=F2F1=ghS= 2分25.（1）根据杠杆平衡条件，动力最小，就是动力臂最大，圆上的直径作为动力臂最长，最小力的示意图如图 2分（2）动力臂如图L表示，其长度等于直径，即L=0.5m2=1m；1分在图上做出阻力臂，用L2表示，即为OB长度，A为圆环圆心，G=mg=100kg10N/
4、kg=1000N，1分线段CB长度等于圆半径和台阶高度之差，即CB=0.5m-0.2m=0.3m，OCB为直角三角形，根据勾股定理得：L2= =0.4m1分由杠杆平衡条件：FL=GL2，即F1m=1000N0.4m，则F=400N；2分26.（1）轿车静止在水平地面上对地面的压力为2分小轿车静止在水平地面上对地面的压强为3分(2)从图可知轿车行驶速度为由得3分（考试时间：120分钟，满分：150分）成绩 一、听力测试（30分）A) 从A、B、C三幅图中找出与你所听内容相符的选项。听两遍。( ) 1. What is Jack going to be? A. B. C. ( ) 2. Where
5、 is Mr. Green from? A. B. C. ( ) 3. How did Jim go to Shanghai? A. B. C. ( ) 4. Which clock is the girls?B) 听对话，根据所听对话及问题选择正确答案。听两遍。( ) 5. What does Mary often do to help her mother? A. She often helps her mother to cook meals. B. She often helps her mother with the washing. C. She often helps her m
6、other to clean the house.( ) 6 .Hows Jim? A Hes OK. B Hes ill. C Hes returned home. ( )10. How much should the man pay for the ticket？ A 64 yuan . B 72 yuan C 96 yuan( ) 11. Where are they talking?A. In a library. B. In a bookshop C. In the museum.( ) 12. What does the man mean?A. They wont have any
7、 more cups. B. He doesnt know why people like tea.C. They will get some more tea.( ) 13. What are they talking about?A. Newspaper. B. Their feelings. C. TV programs.( ) 14. What does the man want to do?A.To change his walkman. B. To buy a new walkman. C. To borrow a walkman.( ) 15. How often does Li
8、ly go to the Reading Club?A. On Friday. B. Once a week. C. Twice a week.C)听下面几段对话，选择正确答案。听两遍。听第1段对话，回答第16至17题。( ) 16 Where is the man going? A The railway station. B The clock tower. C The park.( ) 17 Why cant the man find the place? A This is his first time to visit the place. B The railway station
9、 is still next to the clock tower. C Things have changed a lot over the years.听第2段对话，回答第1820小题。( ) 18. What will the man take to the woman? A. A raincoat. B. Some food. C. Some fruit.( ) 19. How can the man get to Manchester from the airport? A. By bus. B. By taxi. C. By underground.( ) 20. What can
10、 we learn from the dialogue? A. The man will study English in Manchester. B. The weather will always be fine in Manchester next month. C. The man will take a raincoat with him.D)听录音，完成信息记录表。听两遍。 听一篇短文，回答第21-25小题。请根据内容从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确的选项，完成信息记录表。SportsPing-pong:It is a very 21 sport in China.My best f
11、riend 22 likes it very much.Baseball:Each team has 23 players.The baseball season goes from April to 24 .Many people love sports in different ways.Doing sports is 25 for our health.( ) 21. A interesting B popular C exciting( ) 22. A Li Bo B Li Lei C Lin Tao( ) 23. A 9 B 11 C 13( ) 24. A June B July
12、C September( ) 25. A well B good C badE)听短文，选择正确答案。听两遍。( ) 26. How old was Liangliang?A. 5 B. 4 C. 6( ) 27. Where did Liangliang live?A. In a big city.B. In the countryside. C. In a small town.( ) 28. What was his mother?A. A teacher. B. A nurse. C. A worker.( ) 29. What did the boy say to his mothe
13、r?A. I love you. B. Im sorry. C. How are you?( ) 30. What kind of boy do you think Liangliang was?A. Quiet. B. Lazy. C. Clever. ( ) 5. Please contact Sandy _ 65408888 for _ information. A. on, farther B. on, further C. in, farther D. in, further( ) 6. Mum, have you seen my mobile phone? _you bought
14、last week? Im sorry I havent seen _.A. One ; it B. The one ; it C. One ; one D. The one ; one( ) 7. -Look at the boy running on the playground. Is it David? -It _ be him. I saw him go to the teachers office just now. A. mustnt B. cant C. couldnt D. must( ) 8. Who will _ to _ at tomorrows meeting by
15、the teacher? A. be told; sayB. be asked; speak C. be told; talk D. be asked; tell( ) 9. _people, there _for wildlife. A. Because; are more and more spaces B. Because of; is less and less space C. Because; are many and many room D. Because of; is little and little space( ) 10. -Mary hasnt bought the
16、school things, has she? -_. Her mother will buy them for her. A. Yes, she has B. No, she hasnt C. Yes, she did D. No, she didnt( ) 11. Mr. Dong _ live in Starlight Town in the past. Now he _ the life in the new town. A. used to, is used to B. was used to, is used to C. is used to, used to D. used to
17、, was used to( ) 12. It is _ news that we are all interested in it.A. such an interesting B. so an interesting C. so interesting D. such interesting( ) 13. Im new here. Could you please tell me _?A. what is the building used for B. when does the first class beginC. where is the dining hall D. how ma
18、ny classes our school has( ) 14. - Is there _ hed like to share with us about this kind of disease?- He says we are _to see it can be cured today. A. something else, lucky enough B. anything else, enough luckyC. anything else, lucky enough D. something else, enough lucky( ) 15. -We could ask Jim to
19、sing a song for the party.-_ He isnt good at singing.A. Thats a good idea. B. Im afraid not. C. Why not? D. I hope so.三、完形填空（15分）Long long ago, there was a swan（天鹅）with golden feathers（金羽毛）.She lived in a lake. A woman lived in a small house 1 the lake with her two daughters. They were very poor. Th
20、ey worked hard all year round, 2 still,they lived a hard life and sometimes they even didnt have enough 3 to buy food.The swan was 4 to see that. She said to herself, “Ill give one of my 5 to them each day, then they can live a happy life with the money selling my feathers.” That evening, she 6 to t
21、he poor womans house and left a golden feather on the table without saying 7 .From then on, the swam came every day and gave them a feather. The woman was very happy because their life was much 8 than before.But day after day, the woman became greedy（贪婪）.She said to her 9 .”The swan may fly away one
22、 day. If so, we will be poor again. We should take all 10 feathers when she comes next time.”“Oh, no, Mom!” cried the daughters, “This will 11 the swan. She helps us a lot !”But the mother wouldnt listen. When the 12 came as usual, the mother caught her and took all her feathers. But suddenly, the g
23、olden feathers 13 chicken feathers.Then ,the Golden Swan said, “Poor Mother, I came to 14 you,but you wanted to kill me. Now, I am leaving and will 15 come back. Never be greedy!” With these words, the swan flew away. ( )10. A. his B. herC. theirD. our( )11. A. hurtB. saveC. protect D. refuse( )12.
24、A. woman B. daughterC. chickenD. swan( )13. A. heard ofB. changed intoC. looked forD. came from( )14. A. trouble B. helpC. teachD. invite( )15. A. sometimesB. always C. usually D. never四、阅读理解（40分）AMr. and Mrs. Turner live outside a small town. They have a big farm and they are always busy working on
25、 it. Their son, Peter, studied at a middle school. The young man studied hard and did well in his lessons. It made them happy.Last month Peter finished middle school and passed the entrance examination (升学考试). Mrs. Turner was very happy and told the farmers about it.Yesterday morning the woman went
26、to the town to buy something for her son. On the bus she told one of her friends how clever and able her son was. She spoke very loudly. All the people in the bus began to listen to her.“Which university (大学) will your son study in?” a woman next to her asked.“In the most famous university in our co
27、untry!” Mrs. Turner said happily.“The most famous university?”“Oxford University (牛津).”Most of the passengers (乘客) looked at her carefully. Some of them said to her, “Congratulations!”A woman said, “Im sure hell know Fred Smith.”“Whos Fred Smith?”“Hes my son.”“Does he study in the university, too?”“
28、No, ”said the woman. “He is one of the professors.”( )l. The story happened in _. A. America B. France C. Germany D. England( )2. Mr. and Mrs. Turner were happy because _.A. their son did well in his lessons B. they have a big farmC. they have a good harvest D. their son studied at a middle school(
29、)3. Mrs. Turner wanted everyone to know _.A. her son finished middle school B. her son was handsomeC. her son was going to study in a university D. her son was very friendly to others( )4. Mrs. Turner spoke so loudly in the bus that _.A. her friend could hear her B. all the people could hear herC. s
30、he hoped to make all the people happyD. she hoped they would say congratulations to her( )5. Which of the following is true? _.A. The woman wasnt interested in Mrs. Turners wordsB. Mrs. Turner knew nothing about the famous universityC. The woman wanted to stop Mrs. Turner from showing off (炫耀)D. The
31、 woman next to Mrs. Turner wanted to show off her son, too BIf you have no special plans for your holidays, why not spend your time helping others?Dont listen to people who say the young people today often think only of themselves. Its not true at all. More and more people in the USA volunteer to sp
32、end their school holidays working for others. And they dont do it for money. Here are some of their stories.Alice Hamilton, 17 Im going to help the Forest Centre build new hiking paths in the mountains. Its going to be terrificIll spend the whole summer living in the tent and breathing the clean mou
33、ntain air. Im going to sleep under the stars. Itll be a nice sport, and Ill be able to do something good at the same time.Jason Moore,18 This summer, Im going to volunteer with Special House Program. They build good, low-cost houses and sell them to families that are not very rich. Theyll teach me w
34、hat to do, so Ill help people and also have a chance to learn how to build houses.Trish Anderson, 16 Im going to teach kids who have trouble reading. Ill work for a program called Reading For Life. Every day, Im going to help kids choose and read books that they like. I want to be a teacher and I lo
35、ve children and reading, so this is going to be a great experience for me.( )6. Young people in the USA volunteer to spend _ helping others.A. school holidays B. Weekdays C. every morning D. every afternoon( )7. What does Alice volunteer to do in summer?A. To breathe the clean mountain air B. To spe
36、nd the whole summer living in the tent C. To sleep under the starsD. To help build new hiking paths in the mountain( )8. From the passage, we know that Special House Program helps . A. children in poor familiesB. workers who build housesC. poor families cant afford housesD. build hiking paths( )9._
37、wants to be a teacher.A. Alice Hamilton B. Jason Moore C. Trish Anderson D. none of them( )10. Which is the most possible title for this passage?A. Reading for life B. A Special House Program C. The Forest Centre D. Young American VolunteersCFriday，March 30thOur trip to Chiang Rai was long and borin
38、g. We visited a small village in the mountains. The village people here love the quiet life - no computers or phones. They are the kindest people I have ever met. They always smile and say “hello”. Kathy and I can only speak a few words of Thai, so smiling is the best way to show our kindness. I fee
39、l good here and hope to be able to come back next year.( )11. The diaries above show the writers _days in Thailand.A. 3 B. 7 C. 15 D. 30( )12. It seems that visitors _ in Bangkok.A. often feel hungry B. can always find cheap thingsC. cant take any photos D. can enjoy themselves( )13. Which of the fo
40、llowing is TRUE?A. Chiang Mai is a beautiful city in the south of Thailand.B. The writer left Chiang Mai for Chiang Rai by bus.C. Chiang Rai is a boring city in the mountains.D. The writer is traveling alone in Thailand.( )14. The people in the village _. A. are friendly to others B. like to speak E
41、nglish C. are very weak D. hope to live in the cities( )15. The best title of this article is_.A. My First Travel B. The Outside World C. Traveling in Thailand D. A Country on the Train DJames Michener, a famous American writer donated at least 90 per cent of what he made from his 43 novels. He seem
42、ed to donate more than this. At his death, in October 1997, he had gave away US 117 million.Michener made a good example, not just in how much he gave, but in his style of giving. The writer worked hard at doing good (行善). He usually follows up his donations to see how the money was used and he had a lot of fun in doing so.Michener was 90 when he died. He was the only writer on the list of Americans top 25 philanthropists (慈善家). He gave his donations to the colleg