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1、研究生英语系列教程 多维教程 探索（完整版）实用资料(可以直接使用，可编辑 完整版实用资料，欢迎下载）Unit 1 Travel LanguageText1 The Academie Francasie has for decades been the watchdog over the French language. A few years ago, French sensitivity to the influx of English words became so great that law for the purification of French was adopted. Th
2、e law covers even technical applications. For example, in theory, it is now compuslory in France to refer to the Boeing 747 as a gros-porteur, leasing as credit-bail, etc. the list is very long and detailed and applies to all facets of life. Mr. Chirac, the French President, might well expand on thi
3、s list and come up with some new French terms for words such as internet or byte stream just to name a couple. The mind boggles at what the world might face.2 Unfortunately (or perhaps not, the English language is not so protected. Quite apart from the unforgivable deviations from the kings English
4、prevlent in America, where honour is commonly written as honor and night as nite, many well-tested has also been give new meanings, making communication somewhat difficult. For example, the boot of a car has become to be called a trunk a word reserved in England for the main part of a tree. The bonn
5、et is a hood, good old nappies are diaper s, and a babys matinee jacket is a vest. Its obvious that the two countries are indeed separated by what once was a common language! From an American point of view, of course, it could be argued that the British speak English with a speech deficiency.3 Even
6、worse English, however, is in use. Anyone who travels in foreign countries and observes it on menus and posters, in hotels, and indeed in everyday life can testify that what used to be the kings lingo has become in these places but a poor relation thereof. Allow me to elaborate.4 The travel writer P
7、errot Phillips has taken pains to highlight some of his experiences, whichI feel should not be withheld from a wider readership. He refers to a Dutch bulb catalogue which promised customers a speedy execution and to an East Berlin cloakroom sign that requested guests to please hung yourself here. On
8、e hopes that nobody took the advice literally.5 To these I can add some of my own experiences, encountered in long years of traveling the world. The re was, for example, the observation in an Ostend novelty shop that revolting new ideas were being marketed, and the boast of some Bombay bakers that w
9、e are No. 1 loafers, best values in whole town.6 I realized how far Christinanity had come when I read in Hong Kong the following call by a dentist: The teeth they are extracted here by the latest Methodists.7 I fear it can not be answered with certainty whether these actually illustrate a progressi
10、ve use of English or are simply reflections of local usages. I feel quite strongly, however, that the Haifa Medical Association should have prevented one of its members from claiming on his brass plate that he is a Specialist in Women and Other Diseases.8 Hotels seem to revel in their multilingual s
11、igns. One supposes these signs were designed to facilitate the use of modern services in otherwise sterile and barely functional establishments. Nevertheless, the unsuspecting guests confronted in a Brussels hotel with the following instruction for the use o f the life (elevator might well prefer to
12、 walk: To move the life, push button to wishing floor. If the cabin should enter more persons, each one should push number of wishing floor. Driving is then going alphabetically by natural order. Button retaining pressed position shows received command for visiting station. The less sophisticated no
13、tice in Istanbul (To call room service, please to open door and call ROOM SERVICE at least does not confront the guest with electronics that might not always work.9 In Turkey, the delight in straight talk expresses itself in the by-now-famous Ankara brochure which advises, Visit our restaurant where
14、 you can eat Middle East foods in an European Ambulance. A note on a Swiss menu that Our wines leave nothing to hope for was equally inviting.10 Eastern European courtesies have never left the once grand hotels of the former Austro-Hungarian empire. A notice in the hotel rooms that the honoured gues
15、ts are invited to take advantage of the chamber maids from 12-14 oclock might, however, result in some unplanned traffic jams. A recent Moscow exhibitions announcement drew attention to a showing of 300 paintings by Russian artists, most of whom were executed in the last ten years hardly a welcoming
16、 thought to the occasional visitor.11 A Bangkok laundrys advertisement to the visiting public (Leaving your clothes here and enjoy yourself could also be seen as a invitation to extracurricular activities in that Far Eastern capital of fun.12 In Rome, a laundry advertised a similar invitation: Ladie
17、s, leave your clothes here and spend the afternoon having a good time.13 It should not surprise the traveller that nightspots advertise their wares in Europe in many and diverse language. The German preoccupation with Majorca led a Munich nightclub to copy a trilingual Palma announcement that dancin
18、g was going on in what is indeed a surprising way. The notice read, Baile! Baile! Baile! in Spanish, Tanz! Tanz! Tanz! in German, and Balls! Balls! Balls! in what w as meant to be English. We are spared the upper Bavarian version of the activity.14 The Black Forest Germans, on the other hand, are kn
19、own to be rather prudish in their outlook, but is it really necessary to post a sign: It is strictly forbidden on ou r Black Forest camping site that people of different sexes, for example men and women, live together in one tent unless they are married with each other for that purpose.15 I am told
20、that for the otherwise unsuspecting tourist, the following sign proved a real crowd puller. Parrot Phillips claims it to be true that in an Austrian hotel room he found the sign: If service required, give two strokes to the maid and three to the valet.16 There are undoubtedly more and varied version
21、s of the use of English, unprotected as our language is from the interference of emerging and ambitious entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, I preferseeing English develop as the lingua franca around the world rather than being suffocated for the sake of so-called purity by some ill-advised legislative proc
22、ess.ExercisesB部分1 Some people are very sensitive about what others might think of them.2 Between Christmas and New Years day, many stores have a long list of goods on sale. This is known as New Years sale.3 Statistics revea l that traveling during ones vocation is becoming prevalent as money and spa
23、re time increase.4 A deficiency in educational resources puts at risk the intellectual development of our children.5 The applicants documents required for immigration were withheld by the local police station because of his criminal record.6 During the interview, Mary told the interviewer that she w
24、ould like to do something interesting but Tom said with certainty that he would choose the job which pays well.7 It is important that the elevators be functional before the Spring Festival.8 In spite of a good harvest, farmers were confronted with many difficulties in selling their grain, which they
25、 alone could not overcome.9 Foreign language learners should know that the way of expressing courtesy will be quite different from country to country.10 You will be spared the fine if you tell us who else was involved.11 One evening, I was running after a robber in the nearby woods. Suddenly, I was
26、hit by a stroke of a heavy thing from behind and lost my consciousness.12 A survey shows that ambitious companies will provide the customer with high-quality goods as well as first-class services.13 Some scientists and doctors claim that purified water, which is popular in the market, may be harmful
27、 to children.14 This book is worth buying for it highlights all the famous American writers and their works.It is a very demanding job to be a soap-opera writer because the novelty of a soap-opera wears offquickly.C部分1. People who are sensitive in character my have difficulty in making friends.2. He
28、 is loved by his students, for he is not only a learned person but also has a sense of humor.3. Many discoveries resulted from the sensitivity of scientists to seemingly common things.4. The Chinese government has issued a law that nine years of education is compulsory for every child.5. Many teenag
29、ers have no weekends nowadays. They undertake extra training or remedial classes under the compulsion of their parents.6. Those who plan to study abroad have to take a compulsory examination of language proficiency.7. Many new and tall buildings have big posters on their front windows saying For lea
30、se or Sale but the real estate prospects are still quite bleak.8. In order to make some money Mr. Wilson moved his family to the first floor and started to lease the ground floor.9. Sometimes, leasing an apartment can be cheap and easy for a person who wants to settle down in a new place.10. Because
31、 he was driving his car at a speed of over 180 miles an hour, a tiny rock was enough to deviate his car off the road.11. Long time tension and pressure may cause people to behave deviantly.12. The investigation shows that the air crash was caused by a deviation from normal airport procedure.13. The
32、prevalence of complaints about the bad weather all over the world may make people aware how serious air pollution is.14. It is very interesting that some styles of clothes that were prevalent in the last century have again become a fashion now.15. Nowadays the tradition of three generations of a fam
33、ily living under the same roof is nolonger prevalent in many cities of China.16. All the children in kindergarten are required to drink at least one glass of milk a day because rickets can result from a diet deficient in vitamin D.17. The demerits of the present educational system are revealed by co
34、llege graduates who are deficient in practical experience.18. There is no need to read the whole novel. Sometimes people may benefit a lot from reading just a few extracts.19. It is reported that some peasants have made a fortune by extracting poison from snakes they raised.20. Examples extracted fr
35、om our daily life are vivid and easy for people to understand.21. Two U.S. Army experts were sent from Germany to join the air force officers in the search for answers to the mystery that confronted them.22. More than twenty years confrontations between the two countries have solved by diplomatic ne
36、gotiations.23. Although he was confronted with many difficulties in setting up a new company, he did not give up.24. The proverb Spare the rod and spoil the child means that discipline is necessary for children; otherwise they may grow up to be spoiled.25. You need to bring a spare tire with you jus
37、t in case your car breaks down in the middle of somewhere.26. Could you spare me a few minutes? I have something important to talk with you.27. I couldnt believe he had a stroke last month because he can walk like a normal person now.28. People feel sorry for some young women who think that a happy
38、life means to spend their time at home watching TV and stroking their pets.29. It is really amazing that he could write complicated Chinese characters with one stroke.改错1 If our friends cannot take us, we must make alternative arrangements to get to the airport.2 No one in this department has ever a
39、ccused the governor of taking advantage of his position; he is hard-working and considerate.3 The pet dog died when it was fifteen, not of old age, but of a head injury when it fell down a flight of stairs.4 Casualties are said to be very high and in some villages, where older and less substantial b
40、uildings predominate, it is said that not a house remains standing.5 It was an accepted custom in western countries for men to open the door for women and always to let ladies go first on social occasions.6 Early industrial people used three times as much energy as their agricultural ancestors; mode
41、rn people are using three times as much as their industrial ancestors.7 Geothermal sources, though in a sense free, in order to be maintained, would end up using more energy than they produced.8 Ever since the invention of the two-day weekend, where-to-go-for-the-holiday has been a live topic for pe
42、ople in this city.9 When we speak of leisure nowadays, we are not thinking of securing time or opportunity to do something; time weighs less heavily on your hands, and the problem is how to fill it.10 There is absolutely no reason for saying that there are no regularities in Nature with which our st
43、atements of natural law correspond.完形填空Whatever else people do when they come together whether they play, fight, or make automobiles they talk. We lie in a world of language. We talk to our friends, our associates, our wives and husbands, our bosses, our teachers, our parents and in-laws. We talk to
44、 bus drivers and total strangers. We talk face to face and over the telephone, and everyone responds with more talk. Television and radio further swell this torrent of words. Hardly a moment of our waking lives is free from words, and even in our dreams we talk and are talked to. We also talk when t
45、here is no one to answer. Some of us talk aloud in our sleep. We talk to our pets and sometimes to ourselves. We are the only animals that do so.The possession of language, more than any other attribute, distinguishes humans from other animals. To understand our humanity we must understand the langu
46、age that makes us human. According to the philosophy expressed in the myths and religions of many peoples, it is language that is the source of human life and power. To some people of Africa, a newborn child is a kuntu, a thing, not yet a muntu, a person. Only by the act of learning does the child b
47、ecome a human being. According to this tradition, we all be come human because we all come to know at least one language.翻译在过去,当探险者或商人们走出家园到外面的世界去寻找新的领地、市场或原材料资源时,他们通常与跟他们打交道的当地人说的不是同一种语言。遇到这种情况时,他们一般采取以下三种方法之一来对付,吕口:(1外来人学习说当地主人的语言(或反之,(2他们使用当地作为贸易用的第三种语言,或(3产生一种新的语言这种语言是由使用者的不同母语的一些成分合成的。在说不同语言的人群
48、中用来作为他们共同的交际工具的语言叫混合语(交际语。这个名称是由在地中海地区使用的中世纪时的贸易语言派生而来的。这种贸易语言主要基于日耳曼语(意大利语、法语和西班牙语,但也包括了一些希腊语、阿拉伯语和土耳其语的成分。在当今世界,将英语称为最主要的交际语是合适的,因为英语是大部分说不同语言的人的交际工具。1 One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important factors in language learning.2 In order to help stu
49、dents in their study of English, the library has decided to lease the original editions of English films.3 On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shop, big or small, will come up with more discount notices.4 When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in society, they will gradually become accepted by th