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1、阅读理解专项突破阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧细节题 知识点：细节理解题的基本要求和特点初中英语阅读理解最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。知识点：设题方式1)此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原因、方式、数量
2、等。细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。2)常见的命题方式1 .Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?2.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?3.What is the example o f.as described in the passage?4.
3、The author mentions all of the following except.5.The reason for.is.6.The author states that.7.According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.).?8.Which of the following is right?9.Which of the following is not mentioned?lO.Choose the right order of this p a s s a g e.11.From this passage we e
4、k n o w.词义猜测题知识点：词义猜测的基本要求和特点所谓词义猜测是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词甚至短语或句子的意义。词义猜测题在中考中一般考一至两道，要求学生在掌握一定的词汇量的基础上，能独立阅读部分生词，理解生词的含义。考察学生通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点对词义作出正确判断的能力。知识点：常见的命题方式1.What does the word in.mean?2.It can be inferred（推断，推论）/concluded（推断）（from the passage）that the w o
5、r d me a n s.3.The word.implies（意味，暗示）t hat.4.Which of the following is the closest meaning of the word?5.what do you think of the expression stands for?6.The word in the passage probably me ans.7.In this story the underlined word _ me a n s.例题例 1.根据释义猜测The small-world theory says that everyone in t
6、he world is connected through a short chain（链条）of peoplethey know.Another name of this chain is degrees of separation.Each degree is a step that separates a person fromsomeone he or she does not know.There are zero degrees of separation between a person and the people he or sheknows directly.This me
7、ans that there are zero degrees between Ben and his mom.What is the meaning of“degrees of separation in Paragraph 2?A.The chain to connect peopleB.The relations between peopleC.The steps of knowing strangersD.The separation between strangers.例 2.根据同义词和反义词猜测It not only spawned over 104,000 active dis
8、cussions,but also brought about care about what means a healthybody image.The underlined word spawned in Paragraph 4 probably me a ns.A.led to B.put out C.talked about D.looked into例 3.根据构词法猜测Some students who steal essays（论文）wholesale from the Web,they said,are so lazy they dont even botherto take
9、the advertisements off the cut-and-pasted text.The underlined word wholesale“in the 2nd paragraph possibly me a n s.A.for sale in large quantitiesB.completely copying others workC.in unlimited amountsD.in too large numbers from cutting and pasting主旨大意题 知识点：主旨大意类题目的特点主旨是文章的核心，即文章的中心思想或主题。主旨题主要是考查考生能否
10、分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结。这类题大约占总题量的30%。主旨题一般会放在第一个或者最后一个考。这类题要求阅读时不但要看懂个别的句子，而且要能够根据作者思路的展开，把握作者在整片文章中的观点，因此必须看懂全篇文章的意思。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。知识点：常见设题方式：1.What is the main idea of this passage?2.What does the passage mainly talk about?3.The best title o
11、f this passage is.4.1n this passage the writer tries to tell us t hat.知识点：解题技巧1.整体思路（1）仔细阅读全文，判断发现主题句文章的主题句有的文章有而有的却没有，这就需要学生认真地阅读文章，仔细判断（如果有，它经常出现在文章的开始和结尾处，但也不能排除出现在文章中间的可能）。另外，不要被表象所迷惑。有的文章列举一个或几个人们比较熟悉的事例或是用一些具体的事例来说明一个人们不熟悉或是抽象的内容，这时要看清的是文章的本质而不是表面现象。（2）对文章进行分析、归纳和概括并得出正确结论这种情况下大多文章中是找不到主题句的，要求
12、学生在理解全文的基础上自己进行总结。对全文的概括要完整，不能以点带面，以偏概全。在具体的答题过程中学生会发现有个别选项是对的，但它对文章的概括不是很完整，这也不是我们所要的最佳答案。另外，选择“最佳标题 的题目也是属于文章的主旨，但是标题不仅要能完整地概括全文，还要简洁明了，并能吸引读者，这也是学生在选择最佳标题时应把握的一条原则。2.主题句定位法即通过分析篇章结构，找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。主题呈现的方式有：说明文议论文记叙文在开头 较常见）qq在结尾4（较少见）4在中间中心贯穿全文比较常见）例题例L开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。If you plan
13、to take your pet on a trip,prepare ahead of time.At least two weeks before you leave,take your petto a vet.See if he or she is tit for travel and ask if he or she should have any medicine before leaving.The vet maysuggest certain pills for sickness or fbr calming the pet.The main idea of this passag
14、e is to.A.warn people to leave their pets at homeB.give general information about pet travelC.tell people how to choose their pet boxesD.tell people about foreign pet laws例 2.藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾The practical meaning of this survey result could be that doing one kind act would make you happier,and thehapp
15、ier you feel,the more likely you are to do another kind act.This might also be used by charitable（慈善的）organizations;reminding honors of earlier donations could make them happy,and experiencing happiness mightlead them to make more generous gifts.What is the general topic of the passage?A.Advice on h
16、ow to be happy.B.The importance of being generous.C.Donating things makes people happy.D.Being kind makes you happy.例 3.尾呼应式在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题。值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。The number of rural（乡村的）left-behind children under 17 years old has increased to
17、61.02 million,accordingto a report.These childrens parents leave them with their grandparents or other family members in order to makemoney in cities.These children are the future of the nation.People should offer Iham their love,caue and Kroteclion.The best title of the passage is.A.Serious facts a
18、bout rural childrenB.A choice of children or moneyC.More care to rural left-behind childrenD.A report on parents worry about rural left-behind children例 4.藏龙卧虎式即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点，然后加以归纳形成主题。In the spring of 1926,Yan Qingbao,a 43-year-old farmer,discove
19、red a circular piece of jade(玉)whiledigging a hole.Driven by curiosity,he dug deeper and found a group of about 400 colorful jade pieces.At the time,he had no idea that his discovery would be as important as other wonders of the world such asChinas Greal Wall and Egypls pyramids.Since then more than
20、 10000 relics,.The main idea of the passage is_.A.Shanxingdui was named the Scientific Education Base for Chinas YouthB.Shanxingdui was once the political,economic and cultural center of the ancient Shu KingdomC.the importance of the discovery of ShanxingduiD.it has helped modem historians realize t
21、hat Shichuans human history goes back more than 5000 years推理判断类阅读 知识点：推理判断题的特点推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。知识点：推理判断题的解题思路做推断题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。要求在通篇理解文章的基础上，以文章提供的事实为依据，将已表述的和隐含的信息结合起来进行思考、分析，透彻理解全文，以领会作者的真正意图，从而做出正确
22、的推理和判断，切不可凭空想象，主观臆断。知识点：推理判断题的常见设问方式1.We can infer/conclude from the passage t hat.2.It can be inferred/concluded(from the passage)that.3.The author strongly suggests that.4.What do you think would happen(to.)at the end of the story?/next?5.We can infer from the text t hat.6.From the story we can gu
23、ess7.Here it”me a ns.8.The underlined word it in the passage refers to.9.The passage is probably from 例题例 1.判断文章出处Every living thing On Earth is either a plant or an animal,right?Wrong!Many organisms（有机体）in Ourworld are neither.What are these?They are called fungi（菌类）,and you see them almost every d
24、ay.Many kinds of fungi seemdisgusting,such as the green black things that appear on the food which are left too long in the refrigerator.Butother kinds are not so bad.For example,the yeast that is used to make bread and mushrooms（蘑菇）are both fungi.Where can you most probably find this passage?A.In a
25、 social report.B.In a biology book.C.In a geography magazine.D.In a farming book.例 2.与文章细节相关的推断One user of the site,Joseph Meehan,27,from Binningham,said,Its a fun and exciting website.I visit everyonce in a while when Im missing my friends or family.I think it could really be a help to people that
26、are feelingdown or sad.It may even stop them from doing something stupid.You can also post your video to the website,andthey add it to the series.Its very easy to share the love.According to the text,which of the following is TRUE?A.Jeff Lam is working on a new project to collect more audio diaries.
27、B.Jeff Lam met a lot of difficulties during the time of creating the website.C.Joseph Meehan has got help from the website and supports it.D.Joseph Meehan has shared his own positive videos with strangers.例 3.对文章结构的推断：.But the large tree he started chewing on last fall was a future goal 一 he wanted
28、the large tree to provide newfood and branches（树枝）for the coming spring.Even with the setbacks he faced over the winter,he never gave upuntil he reached it.Our beavefs experience reminds us that we need to set goals for tomorrow.Sometimes just surviving seems totake up all of our time.Here is a para
29、graph（段）“When spring arrived,we went down to see the beavers progress.The tree was aboutto fall.Our beaver had almost completely chewed around and through the whole tree.According to the passage,itshould be putA.between paragraph I and 2B.between paragraph 2 and 3C.between paragraph 3 and 4D.between
30、 paragraph 4 and 5例 4.指代推断：I went on to have an amazing year studying in England,but that was the last time I saw or spoke to any of myuncles family.Yet when I think about that terrible loss in 2008,1 remember those strangers hands.They were therewhen I needed them,and even now,they help me out of t
31、he sadness of that memory.I think of them as I ride theunderground in Washington D.C.today,and I watch the citizens and tourists to offer hands at any time.In the last paragraph,the underlined words that terrible loss probably mean.A.I was crying when I took the underground in LondonB.I left my uncl
32、es family and havent contacted them since thenC.I didnt say thank you to those who gave hands to meD.I lost my good mood and felt sad when I left my uncles family近三年九年级上期末阅读理解汇编年份/区域主题文章类型2017-2018玄武A招聘广告广告BTV series说明文CFamily fights议论文D熄灯或者戴着眼罩时用餐可以减肥科技说明文2017-2018鼓楼A分类广告广告BShanghai DISNEYS theme p
33、ark说明文CJim and I记叙文DMessage emoji议论文2016-2017玄武AMetro Lines应用文BPlay(White and Chandler)剧本CMonarch butterfly科技说明文DAntarctica科技说明文2016-2017鼓楼ATextbooks应用文BA jackal and a lion故事CThe function of the APP应用文2015-2016ALittle Tom记叙文玄武BTips to reduce the harm when the crush happens应用文CA young couple visited
34、18 countries议论文2015-2016鼓楼AChinese TV dramas介绍BThe importance of sleep议论文CHow to have a better communication应用文DAre you ready for another child?议论文2017-2018学年南京市玄武区九年级上学期期末】AStudent Volunteers Needed!On Monday,February 12th,from 10 A.M.until 4 P.M.,Carverton Middle Schoolwill be holding a musical fe
35、stival in the school gymnasium.The special event willfeature a variety of professional musicians and singers.TaskTimeDateMake posters1 P.M TP.M.February 5thSet up the gym11 A.M.-4P.MFebruary 11 thHelp performers9A.M.-4P.MFebruary 12thWelcome guests10A.M.-2P.MFebruary 12thClean up the gym4 P.M.7P.M.F
36、ebruary 12thInterested students should speak with Ms.Braxton,the music teacher.Students whowould like to help at the festival must have written permission from a parent or aguardian.26.What time will the festival begin?A.10.A.M.B.11 A.M.C.IP.M.D.2 P.M.27.What does the underlined word“feature”mean in
37、 Line 2?A.Look B.Keep C.Include D.Entertain28.What job will be done the before the festival begins?A.Making posters B.Setting up the gymC.Cleaning up the gym D.Helping performersBA new TV series in England,Away from it all,has surprised everyone by becoming a huge success with youngpeople across the
38、 country.Its success is surprising because the series is about the relaxing lifestyles of people wholive in the country.There is none of the action that we usually see on TV today.There are also no stressful moments,busy offices or crowded cities.Away from it all is set in the peaceful English count
39、ryside and tells simple storiesabout peoples kindness.The director of the TV series says that its success is a sign of teenagers suffering from stress.They say thatwatching Away from it all helps teenagers forget about the pressures（压力）of exams and homework,and thetroubles that fill the world today.
40、They also say that its a good sign of todays young people switching to（转至lj）happier TV series as it shows they would like a happier and healthier world.Although the series*success might have a good side,many teachers and parents are worried,however.Theysay that some of their students and children ar
41、e becoming couch potatoes（终日泡在电视机前的人）and are usingAway from it all as an excuse for not completing homework.Some children have even refused to learn for examsbecause they say that they can only achieve personal happiness by avoiding（避 免）stressful situations completely.And what do the experts（专家）say?
42、Paula Ray,a doctor of education,says that TV can influence childrenslifestyles.But she says that if a child reacts strongly,its likely that there are other reasons fbr his change inbehaviour.She says that there is nothing wrong with watching Away from it all but suggests that parents shouldmake sure
43、 their children know TV is not the same as real life.29.The success of the new TV series is surprising becaus e.A.it is about life in busy officesB.it is about the English countrysideC.it is the same as other successful TV seriesD.it is different from other successful TV series30.The success of the
44、series shows that young people would like.A.relaxing jobsB.English TV seriesC.a world with no homeworkD.a happier and healthier world31.The director of Away from it all believe that the series helps young people deal with.A.exams B.stress C.couch potatoes D.simple stories32.Which of the following st
45、atements about Away from it all is TURE?A.There is some action we can see on TV today.B.The TV series Away from it all is about busy offices.C.Many parents are worried that it will influence childrens study.D.Parents are sure that their children know TV is different from real life.CFamily fights are
46、 never pleasant.Whether you are dealing with a loud sister or a stubborn（固执的）mom ordad,the situation can be bad.What if it could be different?What if family fights and conflicts（冲突）could be turned into chances tobecome closer?What if problems could be solved with everyone walking away feeling more d
47、eeply cared for andloved?Family fighting is,on one level,about power.Someone is telling someone else what to do.In a short moment,bad feelings can be brought out and the fight is on.You can go down that old road or you can try somethingdifferent.In any fight,you have a need to be listened to and und
48、erstood.People raise their voices and shout at each otherbecause theyre not being listened to.You want your mom or dad to listen and understand.You want your brother orsister to listen and care.But you always seem to forget that the person youre fighting with has the same need to belistened to.So if
49、 you can put aside your need for a few minutes,the situation will change quickly.Give the otherperson some time to express his or her feelings,and youll have your turn to be listened to.And while you are listening,you have to listen for the right information.The best way to do this inemotional（情绪激动的
50、）situations is to pay no attention to most of the words because many people cant expresswhat they are feeling with the words alone,especially when they are not calm.But if the situation starts to get out of hand,it would be wise to just calm down and leave the problem untillater because many fights