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1、BLDCMBLDCM small size, light weight, it has a DC motor similar to the general good speed performance, without the existence of machinery for the device, electromagnetic interference noise and small, low maintenance requirements, reliability, good; and as a result of not required excitation power, ef
2、ficiency is relatively high, it has been rapid development. A company based on ADIs ADSP-21992 chip high-speed brushless DC motor control system, which has a high-speed, high load moment of inertia, have greater motor starting torque characteristics.DSP-based motor control system with the traditiona
3、l single-chip motor control system and a dedicated chip motor control system, that is, a dedicated motor control mechanisms, user-programmable, scalable, and powerful, and so on; at the same time, overcome their respective shortcomings, such as peripherals and memory integrated into the chip to redu
4、ce circuit board area, reducing the number of system components to improve the CPU processing capacity, improve system reliability. System, the ultimate aim is the application of high-speed flywheel system brushless DC motor, therefore, very high speed processors, from the real-time performance to c
5、onsider,Need to select the highest possible processing speed of the chip. 2199x series and ADIs speed reached 160 M, and then to adapt to take into account their poor working environment, in this paper, we have chosen the ADSP-21992 as a core control chip.(A) hardware1. Control circuitMainly by the
6、control circuit and its corresponding external ADSP21992 expansion circuit. Including the crystal oscillator circuit, extend outside the FLASH, JTAG interface, power supply voltage conversion circuit, PWM interface, 1 / 0 interface and A / D interface circuit modules. ADSP21992 for the 160 M high-pe
7、rformance mixed-signal DSP chips, the chip in addition to a powerful data-processing capabilities, for motor control, but also to provide 6-channel PWM output, 8-channel 14-bit A / D conversion channels, 16 general-purpose I / 0 I, as well as three 32-bit dedicated hardware resources, such as counti
8、ng unit.2. Power circuitDrive circuit from the diode rectifier bridge, filter capacitor and the IGBT inverter constituted; drive circuit using IRs I82130 dedicated MOs power device gate drive dedicated chip, the chip can not only achieve the optimal IGBT driver, and has a perfect protection, can sig
9、nificantly improve system integration and reliability; isolated part of the use of high-speed optocoupler HCPL4504, isolation from the role of potential.3. Rotor position and current detection circuitDue to current high-speed motor, back-EMF waveform distortion is more serious, it is not suitable fo
10、r position sensorless control for easy installation, the use of small size, convenient installation and electromagnetic Hall sensor mounted on the end of stator windings, the output signal by the partial pressure , filter the buffer.PI current regulator current aim is to achieve fast and accurate tr
11、acking of a given value, the incremental selection of PI regulator; speed PI regulator related to the system dynamic and static performance, it is separated from the use of integral PI regulator. Encountered in software design PI regulator design that is the proportion coefficient and integral coeff
12、icient kP selection of ki. System uses a factor of AD and Industrial standard procedures set forth in PI coefficient (Kp = 25, Wpi = kp / ki = 50Hz), and use the normal input in order to achieve DSPI / 0 I. LEM sensor module DC bi-directional high-frequency detection,And the corresponding current si
13、gnal directly to the sensor signal input voltage DSP A / D port for digital-to-analog conversion.4. Protection CircuitUnder-voltage protection circuit by detecting the battery voltage, when the battery voltage down to the closure of motor threshold, the battery does not over-discharge to cause unnec
14、essary damage, to protect the battery. AID voltage power conversion, if the under-voltage, under-voltage when the second location of a sign so that it can interrupt timer 0 to start from time to time, under-voltage shutdown over after five seconds, jump to self-test mode.MOSFET over-current protecti
15、on circuit can protect the most current control will set the framework, illustrates the value reached when the motor shut down to avoid a high current through the MOSFET on the risk of burning. Over-current protection is the controller of the last line of defense, over-current protection resistor is
16、 used in wire and Culture, current when the system exceeds the maximum protection of current value, the wire will be blown, Culture and Sport in order to play a protective effect.Drive motor in the process of running the system on the motor will speed - the current relevant control, the controller t
17、o determine the electrical current and electric vehicles is in the relevant range of speed, if in the relevant context, the controller should not exceed current limiting settings based on speed control of electric vehicles; when the motor current and speed of electric vehicles is not related to seri
18、ous, even if the electric current does not meet current limiter settings, if the motor current is greater than 8A, the controller 8A first cut into the power supply, and then again with the motor speed to determine the relevance of current in the relevant context, into the normal power supply mode;
19、If there is no relevance,Further reduce the power flow controller. A negative correlation for each controller to determine the electrical current to reduce by half until(B) software strategyThe system software by the main program and interrupt service routine pose. Main program to initialize the mai
20、n complete system, including the register, variable initialization and the initialization of the external devices, as well as detection of I / O port status. Interrupt service routine are mainly synchronous PWM interrupt service routine, each current sampling A / D conversion after the end of interr
21、uption. Software processes as shown in Figure 2. Optimization of the selection coefficient for further experiments and research.Fourth, the conclusionsHigh-performance brushless DC motor with high-speed real-time digital control system for speed control devices consisting of devices, hardware and so
22、ftware, and control the whole system is relatively simple, low cost, speed of a smooth, low noise. Experiments show that the control system has good control performance, has good practical value.永磁无刷直流电机体积小、重量轻，它既具有类似普通直流电动机的良好调速性能，又不存在机械换向装置，电磁噪声与干扰小，维护要求低，可靠性好；而且由于不需电励磁，效率相对较高，因此得到了迅速的发展。介绍一种基于ADI
23、公司ADSP-21992芯片的高速无刷直流电机的控制系统，该系统具有高速、大转动惯量负载，电机有较大起动转矩等特点。 基于DSP的电机控制系统具有传统的单片机电机控制系统和专用芯片电机控制系统的优势，即专用的电机控制机制、用户可编程、扩展能力强、功能强大等；同时又克服了它们各自的缺点，如外设和存储器集成在芯片内，可减少电路板面积、减少系统中元器件个数、提高CPU处理能力、提高系统的可靠性等。系统最终的目标是应用于飞轮系统中的高速无刷直流电机，因此，对处理器的速度要求极高，从实时性能方面考虑，需要选取处理速度尽可能高的芯片。而ADI的2199x系列速度达到了160 M,再考虑到其适应恶劣工作环境
24、的能力，在本文中，我们选择了ADSP-21992作为核心控制芯片。 （一）硬件构成 1控制电路 控制电路主要由ADSP21992及其相应的外围扩展电路构成。其中包括晶振电路，外扩FLASH,JTAG接口，电源电压转换电路，PWM接口，1/0接口以及A/D接口等电路模块构成。ADSP21992为160 M的高性能混合信号DSP芯片，该芯片除具有强大数据处理能力外，针对电机控制，还提供有6路PWM输出、8路14位A/D转换通道、16路通用I0口以及3个32位专用计数单元等硬件资源。 2功率电路 驱动电路由二极管整流桥、滤波电容以及IGBT逆变器构成；驱动电路采用IR公司的I82130专用的MOs功
25、率器件专用门极驱动芯片，该芯片不仅可以实现对IGBT的最优驱动，且具有完善的保护功能，可显著提高系统的集成度和可靠性；隔离部分采用高速光耦HCPL4504,起电位隔离作用。 3转子位置及电流检测电路 由于高速电机工作电流、反电势波形畸变较为严重，因此不适合采用无位置传感器控制，为安装方便，采用体积小、安装方便的电磁霍尔传感器并安装于定子绕组端部，输出信号经分压，滤波缓冲。 电流PI调节器目的是实现电流快速、准确地跟踪给定值，故选用增量式PI调节器；速度PI调节器关系到系统的动、静态性能，故采用积分分离PI调节器。软件设计中遇到的PI调节器设计问题即比例系数kP和积分作用系数ki选取问题。系统采
26、用系数为AD工公司标准PI程序中规定的系数（Kp= 25,Wpikpki50Hz），并使用正常，为了达到系统的输入DSPI/0口。传感器LEM模块进行高频双向直流检测，并直接将电流信号相应的感应电压信号输入DSP A/D口进行数模转换。 4. 保护电路欠压保护电路通过检测电池电压，当电池电压降到阂值时关闭电机，使电池不至因过度放电造成不必要的损坏，保护电池。对电源电压进行AID转换之后，如果欠压，当次欠压标志位置一，使能定时器0中断，开始定时，欠压满5秒之后停机，跳到自检工作模式。 过流保护电路可以对MOSFET进行保护，将最大电流控制在设定范围内，当达到阐值时关闭电机，避免了MOSFET上通
27、过大电流烧毁的危险。过流保护是控制器的最后防线，过流保护电阻用的是康铜丝，当系统电流超过最大保护电流值时，康铜丝会烧断，从而起到保护作用。 在驱动电机运行的过程中，系统还会对电机进行“速度电流”相关控制，控制器判断电机电流与电动车车速是否在相关范围内，如果在相关范围内，控制器以不超过限流设定值为依据控制电动车车速;当电机电流与电动车车速严重不相关时，即使电机电流没有达到限流设定值，如果电机电流大于8A，控制器首先减流到8A供电，然后再次判断车速与电机电流的相关性，在相关范围内，进入正常供电模式;如果没有相关性，控制器进一步减流供电。控制器每否定一次相关判断，电机电流减小一半，直到控制器停止对电机的供电 （二）软件策略 本系统软件由主程序和中断服务程序构成。主程序主要完成系统的初始化，包括各寄存器、变量的初始化以及外部器件的初始化以及检测I/O口状态。中断服务程序主要有PWM同步中断服务程序，每次电流采样A/D转换结束后产生中断。软件流程如图2所示。最优化，系数的选取有待进一步的实验与研究。四、结论 无刷直流电机配以高性能高速实时数字控制系统器构成的调速控制装置，硬件软件化，整个系统控制相对简单、成本低、转速平稳、噪音低。实验证明该控制系统方案具有良好的控制性能，具有较好的实用价值。