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1、off here, the conductor said. This is as far as we go. Is this Woodford Green ? I asked. Oh dear, said the conductor suddenly. I forgot to put you off. It doesnt matter, I said. Ill get off here. We are going back now, said the conductor. Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus, I answered.L
2、esson51 Reward for virtue 对美德的奖赏My friend, Herbert, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Herbert loves: but
3、ter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Herbert was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked
4、 him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets! Lesson52 A pretty car
5、pet 漂亮的地毯We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. I have been trying to get my new room in order. This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books. To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. At the
6、moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor. This is the pr
7、ettiest carpet I have ever seen, she said. She gazed at it for some time then added, You dont need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet! Lesson53 Hot snake 触电的蛇At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. Since then, they have been trying to find
8、 out how the fire began. Forest fire are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. This
9、morning, however, a fireman accidentally discovered the cause. He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. The explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird had snatched up the snake from the
10、 ground and then dropped it on to the wires. The snake then wound itself round the wires. When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.Lesson54 Sticky fingers 粘糊的手指After breakfast, I sent the children to school and then I went to market. It was still early w
11、hen I returned home. The children were at school, my husband was at work and the house was quiet. So I decided to make some tarts for tea. In a short time I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry. At exactly that moment, the telephone rang. Nothing could h
12、ave been more annoying. I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Mrs Bates. It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later. At last I hung up the receiver. What a mess! There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the
13、door-knobs. I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the door-bell rang loud enough to wake the dead. This time it was the postman and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter !Lesson55 Not a gold mine 并非金矿Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently. A new machine called The Re
14、vealer has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground. The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where-it is said-pirates used to hide gold. The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it. Armed with the new machine, a sear
15、ch party went he did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.Lesson58 A blessing in disguise? 是因祸得福吗？The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a cursed tree. Because the tree was mentione
16、d in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. The tree was planted near a church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. Many vi
17、llagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. In spite of all th
18、at has been said, the tourists-have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!Lesson59 In or out ？ 进来还是出去？Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and bark. Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would
19、 bark until someone opened the gate. As the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in. Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate. However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the g
20、ate. This time he was barking so that someone would let him out ! Since then, he has developed another bad habit. As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts. Then he sits and barks until someone lets him out. After this he immediately lets
21、himself in and begins barking again. Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since. Lesson60 The future 卜算未来At a village fair, I decided to visit a fortune-teller called Madam Bellinsky. I went into her tent and she told me to sit down. After I had given her
22、 some money, she looked into a crystal ball and said: A relation of yours is coming to see you. She will be arriving this evening and intends to stay for a few days. The moment you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise. A woman you know well will rush towards you. She will speak to you and th
23、en she will lead you away from this place. That is all. As soon as I went outside, I forgot all about Madam Bellinsky because my wife hurried towards me. Where have you been hiding ? she asked impatiently. Your sister will be here in less than an hour and we must be at the station to meet her. We ar
24、e late already. As she walked away, I followed her out of the fair. Lesson61 Trouble with the Hubble 哈勃望远镜的困境In future, astronauts will be required to descend from a spaceship while it is still in space and to return to it. The ability to do this will be necessary in future flights to distant planet
25、s. Scientists are now trying to discover if this is possible. The spaceship Astra which left the earth a short time ago, will be travelling three hundred miles into space. At a certain point, the Astra will stop for a short time and an astronaut will attempt to leave the stationary spaceship and the
26、n return to it. We shall not know whether the experiment has been successful until we have received a radio message. The first message is expected to arrive at 7 oclock this evening. By that time, the Astra will have been flying through space for seventeen hours and will have circled the earth a gre
27、at many times. When the first radio messages have been received, the results of the trip will be announced immediately.Lesson62 After the fire 大火之后Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. A short time before, great trees had covered the
28、 countryside for miles around. Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. When the fire had at
29、 last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. By then, however, in many place
30、s the grass had already taken root. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil. Lesson63 She was not amused 她并不觉得好笑Geoffrey Hampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties. Everybody admires
31、him for his fine sense of humor-everybody, that is, except his six-year-old daughter, Jenny. Recently, one of Geoffreys closest friends asked him to make a speech at a wedding reception. This is the sort of thing that Geoffrey loves. He prepared the speech carefully and went to the wedding with Jenn
32、y. He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech and, of course, it was a great success. As soon as he had finished, Jenny told him she wanted to go home. Geoffrey was a little disappointed by this but he did as his daughter asked. On the way home, he asked Jenny if she had enjoyed t
33、he speech. To his surprise, she said she hadnt. Geoffrey asked her why this was so and she told him that she did not like to see so many people laughing at him!Lesson64 The Channel Tunnel 海峡隧道In l858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one mile tunne
34、l across the English Channel. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea-level. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an1
35、总则 为了加强对生猪屠宰的防疫检验管理, 保证肉品质量, 保障人民群众的身体健康, XX集团公司拟在XX市XX区XX镇兴建XX屠宰场, 该项目按照屠宰场规范化生产标准设计, 设计日宰生猪能力为1500头, 项目占地2.7万平方米, 投资约1700万元。 根据中华人民共和国86国环字第003号文件建设项目环境保护管理办法的有关规定和广东省建设项目环境保护管理条例要求, 一切可能对环境产生影响的新建、扩建项目均必须实行环境影响评价审批制度。受XX集团公司委托,承担XX屠宰场的环境影响评价工作。1.1 编制目的通过对XX屠宰场工程所在地区的环境现状调查、环境质量监测，大气扩散条件和水文探测资料的分析
36、，以及对该项目的建设规模、生产工艺流程和污染防治措施的可行性分析。预测工程投产后对周围环境的影响，提出防治污染措施，为工程建设和项目环境管理提供科学依据。1.2 编制依据 中华人民共和国环境保护法。 国环字(86)第003号文件“关于颁发 建设项目环境保护管理办法的通知”及其附件建设项目环境保护管理办法。 粤常发(1994)第57号文广东省建设项目环境保护管理条例。 关于建设XX屠宰场的可行性报告。 XX集团公司关于XX屠宰场环境影响评价工作的委托书。 XX屠宰场环境影响评价大纲的审查意见。1.3评价范围和评价标准1.3.1 评价范围 a. 环境现状、污染源调查范围是以项目所在地为原点，半径1
37、.5平方公里的区域为评价范围。 b. 地面水监测评价范围是项目上游2公里，下游5公里的XX水道河段。1.3.2 评价标准 a. 地面水环境质量标准 (GB3838-88)的四类标准。 b. 广东省水污染物排放标准 (DB4426-89)的二级标准。 c. 城市区域环境噪声标准(GB3096-93)的四类标准。 d. 环境空气质量标准 (GB3095-96)的二类标准。e. 大气污染物综合排放标准（GB16297-96）的二级标准。2 建设项目概况 2.1 建设项目的名称、性质及建设地点 1.名称XX屠宰场。 2.性质由XX集团公司筹资兴建的生猪（牛）机械化屠宰工程。 3.地点XX市XX区XX镇
38、。 2.2 建设规模、占地面积及布置 XX屠宰场总投资1700万元, 其中XX市公司自筹250万元; 地方财政贷款300万元; 争取省贸委立项贷款200万元; 有关部门入股300万元; 市有关银行支持, 低息贷款650万元。设计能力日宰生猪量为1500头。 建设项目占地面积40亩（约2.7万平方米）, 建筑面积7100平方米, 其中屠宰加工大楼占地面积7000平方米; 集体宿舍、饭堂、办公室1500平方米; 另外在厂东北部建有污水处理系统。 平面分布见图21。 3 工程分析3.1 项目简介 随着经济快速发展, 我市居民消费水平不断提高, 生猪日宰量从80年的200多头增加到现在的1000头,
39、宰猪量的大幅度增加, 使屠宰场一哄而起, 1995成立XX市肉品卫生检验所, 对市区27家屠宰场进行整顿, 暂时保留了11家条件相对较好的屠场。但是从目前情况来看, 保留下来的11家屠场在建设规模、场内设施、操作技术、污水处理、肉品卫生等方面均不能达到要求, 而且部分屠场设在居民住宅区或学校附近, 影响了周围居民的休息并严重污染环境, 这与我市的经济发展, 市容的美化、净化及卫生达标和广大市民的生活要求很不相适应。为此, 贯彻国务院和省政府关于加强生猪管理的方针, 建设机械化的屠宰场, 是广大市民的强烈愿望, 也是我市经济和社会发展的迫切需要。 屠宰场建成投产，将在全市实行生猪“定点屠宰、集中
40、检疫、统一完税 、控制批发、分散经营”的办法，加强对生猪屠宰、防疫检疫管理，保证肉品质量，以杜绝病猪、死猪上市，确保人民群众的身体健康。3.2 工艺流程屠宰加工包括屠宰生猪和生牛二大部分, 以屠宰生猪为主。工艺流程如下:生猪屠宰: 急宰洗烫剥皮解剖解杂成品出货 生牛屠宰:击昏刺杀预剥去头蹄扯牛皮解剖解杂成品出货屠宰车间工艺平面图见图3-1。 3.3 主要污染源分析XX屠宰场是一个现代化的机械屠宰场, 污染源主要是高浓度有机生产废水, 以及工厂职工的生活污水。屠宰过程的生产废水, 水中含有大量的血、毛、油脂、碎肉、粪便等成份, 主要污染物是油脂、有机物、硫化物、细菌等。屠宰场设有一台0.5吨燃油
41、锅炉, 生产过程排放废气。此外屠宰场的洗猪机、卸猪机、摇烫机、刮毛机、解剖自动线、解杂自动线、成品内脏出货线、剔骨机等生产设备, 生产过程产生噪声。另外屠宰场每天产生一定的固体废物。3.3.1 大气污染源分析 XX肉类加工厂的大气污染源主要是燃油锅炉排放的废气, 加工厂使用0.5t/h的锅炉, 燃料用0#柴油, 预计满负荷燃油量为42Kg/h, 废气排放量为674立方标米/小时。以含硫量0.7%预测, 二氧化硫排放量为0.55Kg/小时。 3.3.2 水污染源分析 水污染源主要包括生活污水和生产废水两类。估计生活用水量为7吨/日, 按排放系数0.9计算为日排放量6.3吨。生活污水中主要污染物为
42、油类、有机物等。按日屠宰生猪1500头计, 每天排放生产废水约600吨。屠宰废水属高浓度有机废水, 水中含有血、毛、油脂、碎肉、粪便和大肠杆菌等病毒。污染物浓度为: BOD5 490700mg/L, COD 12001400mg/L, S-2 30mg/L, SS 12002700mg/L, 油脂 7701060mg/L, 色度 200倍。废水若不处理直接排入XX河, 将消耗水体中大量溶解氧, 造成河水发臭, 严重污染下游水质。 3.3.3 噪声污染源分析 噪声污染源主要来源于生产时机器设备发出的噪声, 噪声源基本集中在屠宰车间和锅炉房。其它噪声包括生活噪声和建筑施工噪声等。屠宰场离居民区较远
43、, 生活噪声源影响甚小。至于建筑施工噪声只是在施工期间对周围有影响。3.3.4 固体废弃物 固体废弃物主要是屠宰场运作产生的废弃物, 主要有污水处理后剩余的污泥、屠宰过程的残渣等。另外还有一定量的生活垃圾。3.4 项目工艺的环保措施3.4.1 废气处理屠宰场的大气污染源主要是锅炉工作时排放的废气, 采用低硫份柴油作燃料, 降低SO2的排放浓度。 3.4.2 废水处理 屠宰废水属高浓度有机废水, 可生化性较高。屠宰场采用生化气浮法进行治理, 废水处理系统设计处理能力为600立方米/日, 由调节池、污泥浓缩池、消毒池和操作间（设备房）组成。屠宰废水处理工艺流程为: 废 水 格珊筛网 调 节 池 空
44、气 沉 淀 池 槽 车 污泥浓缩池 厌氧水解池 运 走 接触氧化法 浮渣 气 浮 池 NaClO3 消 毒 池 达标排放3.4.2.1 流程说明1 ) 生产废水车间清洗废水经明渠中设置的格筛网后进入调节池, 格栅隔出的悬浮物由人工定期清走。调节池长期供入小量空气, 以防止沉淀及厌氧发臭。 2 ) 调节池内废水由泵送入沉淀池, 沉淀池污泥定期排入污泥浓缩池经浓缩后由板框压滤机进一步脱水后可堆放贮存。滤液排入调节池, 沉淀池上清液排入厌氧水解池, 在厌氧水解池中大量的水解细菌在产酸细菌的协同作用下, 把废水中的脂肪、蛋白质等在好氧条件下较长时间才能生物降解的大分子物质转化为易于降解的小分子物质。厌
45、氧水解池出水流入接触氧化池。3） 接触氧化池中，有机物在充足的供氧作用下被好氧细菌分解，出水流入气浮池，在气浮池中悬浮物在微细气泡的作用下上浮与清水分离。悬浮物内含有大量降解有机物的活性污泥，回流到调节池中作处理废水用。气浮池的出水流入消毒池，通过加入NaClO3 将病毒灭活后，出水经管道排入XX河，亦可作为中水回用。 3.4.2.2 处理效果 经生化气浮法处理后出水水质要求达到省级排放标准（DB442689）。废水处理效果见表3-1。 表3-1 屠宰废水处理效果一览表指标进水水质出水水质省级标准pH值6.57.56.5869CODcr(mg/L)1200140090110BOD5(mg/L)
46、4907003550SS(mg/L)1200270050100硫化物(mg/L)300.80.8动植物油(mg/L)7001060815色度(倍)20030803.4.3 固体废弃物 固体废弃物将由屠宰场统一收集, 交由垃圾站处理。 4 自然环境与社会经济状况4.1 自然环境XX市区位于珠江三角洲,东经120。01 26”至140。10 55”, 北纬27。31 48” 至26。39 30” 之间, 面积为1179.76平方公里。XX市区是XX市的政治、经济、文化中心。市区地势自西北向东南倾斜, 西北高, 为丘陵台地, 丘陵地约占总面积的60%; 东南低, 为三角洲冲积平原, 地势低洼, 一般
47、海拔高程为3.3米。全境河道纵横交错, 间有低山小丘错落。XX江流经市区东部, XX水道斜穿市中心, 把城市分割为南、北两大片。境内地质情况简单, 市区西北为寒武系地层, 主要为八村群石英砂岩、粉砂岩、硅质页岩、粉砂质页岩等组成; 市区东北XX山为加里东期和混合花岗岩。 4.1.1 场地地形、地貌XX屠宰场地处XX市XX区XX镇, 为三角洲冲积平原, 地势平坦, 周围植被和农田均已开发为工业或商住用地。4.1.2 水文地质条件水文: 屠宰场地处XX江三角洲感潮河网地带, 场地位于XX水道左, XX水道在场地外西侧自北向南流。XX水道是XX江一级支流, 为不规则半日混合潮, 常水位0.520.62米, 最高控制水位