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1、 . . . . 辨析:notany more,no more, notany longer与no longernotany more=no more,作状语时修饰非延续性的动词,用来说明在程度和数量上的“不再”,多用于将来时态。notany longer=no longer, 修饰延续性动词,表示时间、状态、距离不再延续,着重于现在和过去情况的对比。no longer 位于句中,no more 常出现在句末,notany longer 与notany more的位置是not位于句中,any longer, any more通常在句尾。no more除作状语外,还可以作定语、宾语,而no lo
2、nger只能作状语。如:John no longer comes to school late.= John doesnt come to school late any longer. 约翰不再上学迟到了。Mary is no more ill. = Mary isnt ill any more. 玛丽病好了。I have no more to say. 我没有什么要说的了。(宾语)I have no more money with me. 我身上再也没有钱了。(定语)辨析:used to 与be used toused to 意为“过去经常”,其中的 to 是不定式符号,而不是介词,所以其
3、后只接动词原形(不能接动名词)。如:He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎。注:used to 通常不能与表示具体次数(如 twice, three times 等)或一段时间(如 three months, five years 等)的词或短语连用,但是它却可以与 always, often 等表示经常性意义的副词连用。如:我去过巴黎 3 次。正:I went to Paris three times. 误:I used to go to Paris three times.我在乡下住过 3 年。正:I lived in the country for thr
4、ee years. 误:I used to live in the country for three years.正:I always used used always to be afraid of dogs. 我过去总是怕狗。 be used to 意为“习惯于”,其中的 to 是介词,所以其后要接名词或动名词(不能接动词原形);若要强调从不习惯到习惯的过程,可用 get, become 等代替动词be。如:He is used to looking after himself. 他已习惯于自己照顾自己。Im sure Ill get used to the hard work. 我相信
5、我会习惯这艰苦工作的。注:be used to 有时可能是动词 use 的被动语态结构 (此时意为“被用来”,其中的 to 为不定式符号,其后要接动词原形)。如:A hammer is used to drive in nails. 锤子是用来钉钉子的。辨析:interesting 与interested这是两个由动词interest转化而来的分词形容词,现在分词表示进行,表示主动意义,过去分词表示完成,表示被动意义,因此:(1)物作主语时,表语要用-ing形容词。如:The news is interesting.这消息是有趣的。(2)人作主语时,表语要用-ed形容词。如:I am inte
6、rested in the book.我对这本书感兴趣。辨析:worry about, be worried about与be worrying about三者都表示“担心”。worry about 强调“担心”的动作。be worried about 侧重“担心”的状态。be worrying about表示“担心”的动作正在进行。辨析:die, dead, death与dyingdie是动词,意思为“死、死亡”,是一个瞬间动词,不能与一段时间连用。My grandpa died two years ago.我爷爷两年前去世了。The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌
7、症。 dead是形容词,意思为“死了的、无生命的”,表示状态,可以与一段时间连用。The tree has been dead for ten years.这棵树死了有十年了。The rabbits are all dead. 这些兔子都是死的。 death是名词,意思为“死亡、去世”等。The memorial hall was built one year after his death. 他死后一年,纪念馆建成了。His death is a great loss to us. 他的死是我们的巨大损失。dying 是die的现在分词,用作形容词,意思是“垂死的、即将死去的”。The do
8、ctors have saved the dying man.医生们救活了那个垂死的人。(2)a few 几个,一些,其后接可数名词的复数形式。 辨析:few, a few, little 与 a little few 和 a few 之后接可数名词的复数形式。few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义。如:His theory is very difficult, and few people understand it. 他的理论很深奥,没有几个人能懂。His theory is very difficult,
9、but a few people understand it. 他的理论很深奥,但是有些人懂。 little 和 a little 之后接不可数名词,其区别跟 few 和 a few 之间的区别相似。如:Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧,我身上没带什么钱。Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸好我身上带着一点钱。 一般说来,在only, still, can, quite, not 等词之后通常用带有不定冠词的 a few 或 a little,而在 very,some, the, no, s
10、o, too 等词之后通常用不带冠词的 few 或 little。如:He was not a little surprised. 他大为吃惊。Theres only a little left. 只剩下一点点。I have so little time to enjoy myself. 我娱乐时间很少。Very few people understand what he said. 几乎没什么人懂他的话。两者的比较等级变化分别为 few, fewer, fewest (后接可数名词复数),little, less, least (后接不可数名词)。如:Who has the fewest m
11、istakes? 谁的错误最少?He is the best teacher even though he has the least experience. 他尽管经验最少,但教得最好。You ought to smoke fewer cigarettes and drink less beer. 你应该少抽烟,少喝啤酒。 few 和 little 前除受不定冠词修饰表示肯定意义外,若受其他限定词的修饰也表肯定意义。如:She was among the few who have read the book. 她是少数读过这本书的人之一。Her few possessions were so
12、ld after her death. 她那点儿财产死后就被卖掉了。The little of his work that I have seen seems excellent. 我所看到的他那一小部分工作似乎非常出色。注:a man person of few words (沉默寡言的人)是习词,其中的 few 前不用冠词或其他限定词。3. His mother couldnt afford to pay for her childs education. 他的母亲没有足够的钱支付孩子的教育费用。pay for 支付,付款。如:Right, Ill pay for the food and
13、 you pay for the drinks. 好吧,我付饭菜钱,你付酒水。辨析:pay, spend, cost 与 takepay的基本意思是“支付”,作为与物动词,宾语可以是“人”、“钱”。如:He paid the taxi and hurried to the station.他付了出租车的钱,急忙向车站赶去。They had to pay two hundred francs.他得付二百法郎。Well pay you in a few days.几天后我会给你钱。spend的主语必须是“人”,宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等,其后用on (for) + 名词或用in(可省略)+ 动名词
14、形式,不接不定式。如:He spent a lot of money for this new car.他花了很多钱买了这辆新车。He spends much money on books.他平时将很多钱用在买书上。He spent a lot of money (in) buying a new car.他花很多钱买一辆新车。Every morning he spends half an hour on English.每天早晨他用半小时读英语。(句中on English可与(in) reading English替换)cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”,表示“费用”、“耗费”,后接life
15、, money, health, time等,侧重于“花费”的代价。如:The book cost him one dollar.这本书用了他一美元。It costs you 12 pounds to go London by ship.乘船到伦敦要用12英磅。Making experiments like this costs much time and labour.做这样的实验要花很多钱。注意:cost后不能与具体的时间长度连用,只能与表示抽象概念的时间短语连用。如:some time, much time, ten years of hard work等。可说It cost him t
16、en years of work.不可说It cost him ten years to work.take表示“花费”时,其主语一般是“一件事”,有时主语也可以是人,它说明事情完成“花费了”。如:少took me ten minutes to go to the post office.到邮局用去了我十分钟时间。The producer took two years to make the film.制片商用了两年时间拍这部新影片。说明:taketo do sth.句型侧重完成该动作花费的时间,而spenddoing sth.有时并不说明动作的完成。如:It took him an hour
17、 to read the book.他用一小时读完了这本书。He spent an hour (in) reading the book.他用了一小时读这本书。(是否读完并未说明)补充:pay for的宾语为“物”、“事”,for表示支付的原因。如:Youll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals.你得每周付给我十美元饭钱。注意:下面两句中pay for的意义不同。Of course we have to pay for what we buy.当然我们买东西得付钱。Dont worry about money; Ill pay fo
18、r you.别担心钱,我会替你付的。辨析:at last, finally 与in the end at last,finally与in the end三者都可以解释为“最后”。at last表示经过一定困难之后某事才发生,强调努力的结果,带有较强的感情色彩,须用过去时。如:Did the man in the shop understand him at last? 这位店员最后理解他的话了吗?finally 表示某一动作发生的顺序是在“最后”,无感情色彩,只用于过去时,且多置于句首。 如:Finally he went to see the famous man himself. 最后,他
19、亲自访问了这位名人。in the end 表示事物发展的自然顺序的“终结”,有时可与finally互换。in the end还可用于预测将来,finally和at last没有这种用法。如:I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end. 我希望一切最终都会顺利。(2)make a decision 指“下决;下决心”,其意思同动词decide一样,该结构中的decision可以被其他形容词修饰。如:My girlfriend made a good decision. 我的女友做出了一个很好的决定。辨析:surprise.
20、surprised 与surprisingsurprise作名词,意为“惊奇,诧异”。如:To my surprise,they lost! 使我惊奇的是他们输了!He said to me in surprise, “Cant you skate?” 他惊奇地对我说:“你不会滑冰”? .surprise作与物动词,意为“使人惊奇,使感到意外”。如:You surprise me. 你真使我惊奇。surprised是过去分词作形容词用,指人“对。感到惊奇”。如:Were surprised at your words. 对你的话我们感到诧异。surprising是现在分词作形容词用,意为“使惊
21、奇的,出人意料的”,常指物。如:The surprising success makes us very happy. 这出人意料的成功使我们非常高兴。联想 现在分词作形容词表“进行”,“主动”的含意;而过去分词常表“完成”,“被动”的含意。类似的词还有exciting/excited;interesting/interested,relaxed/relaxing,如:I was surprised at the news. 我对这消息感到吃惊。The news is surprising. 这消息令人感到惊奇。We are all interested in her idea. 我们对她的想
22、法感兴趣。She has an interesting idea. 她有一个有趣的想法。辨析:be able to与can这两者均可表示某人做某事的能力,常可互换。例如:Im not able to cant explain this. 我不能解释这个问题。He was able to could speak French very well. 他的法语讲得很不错。但是两者还是有区别的: 从时态形式来看,can 只有现在式和过去式(could)两种,而 be able to 则可根据需要使用多种时态,还可以和一些情态动词连用,或用作动词不定式等非谓语形式。例如:I havent been ab
23、le to sleep recently. 最近我睡不着觉。Our baby will be able to walk in a few weeks. 我们的宝宝再过几个星期就能走路了。You might be able to persuade him. 你也许能够说服他。I hope to be able to do the work. 我希望能干得了这项工作。I regret not being able to help her. 我很遗憾未能帮助她。 用于现在时,can 泛指一般的能力,而 be able to 则主要指具体做某件事的能力。例如:He can swim. 他会游泳。I a
24、m able to express my idea in a clear way. 我能清楚地表达自己的想法。 在表示过去的一般能力时,两者没有很大差别。例如:I could / was able to play the piano when I was young. 我年轻时会弹钢琴。但如果要表示一时的能力,即在过去某时有某种能力,并顺利地完成某事,则要用 was / were able to,而不能用 could。例如:Though he was sick, he was able to swim across the river. 虽然他病了,但他还是游过了河。After five ho
25、urs of climbing, we were able to reach the top of the mountain. 经过5个小时的攀爬,我们终于登上了山顶。could 表示可能或有能力做,was were able to 则表示能够做且确已做到。比较下面两句:I was able to pass the examination. 我通过了考试。(不仅有能力,而且实际上做到了。相当于I succeeded in passing the examination.)I could pass the examination. 我当时有能力通过考试。(有能力,但实际上不一定做得到)(1)in
26、terest用作不可数名词时意为“兴趣”、“趣味”;用作动词时意为“使(人)发生兴趣”,其主语多为事物。如:She shows interest in music. 她对音乐感兴趣。The novel may interest you. 那本小说可能会让你感兴趣的。(2) interesting是形容词,有主动意味,意为“有趣的”,作表语时,主语通常是物;作定语时,既可修饰人,也可修饰物;interested也是形容词,有被动意味,意为“感兴趣的、对感兴趣”,主语通常是人,且多用于be/get/feel/become interested in 结构中。如:interestinterestin
27、ginterested interest作名词时,为不可数名词,意为“兴趣、趣味”等;作动词时,意为“使(人)产生兴趣”,其主语多为物。例:She shows interest in music. 她对音乐感兴趣。The novel may interest you. 那本小说可能会让你感兴趣的。 interesting是形容词,意为“有趣的、令人感兴趣的”,作表语时,主语通常是物;作定语时,既可修饰人,也可修饰物;interested也是形容词,有,意为“感兴趣或定语,指人或事物本身具有趣味。例: interested是由动词interest加ed所构成的形容词,具有被动意味,意为“感兴趣的”,常用于结构be/get/feel/become interested in,主语一般是人。例:13 / 13