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1、形容词、副词知识网络1、形容词的用法:作定语、表语副词的用法:修饰形容词、副词 表示频度的副词 修饰动词2、形容词和副词的比较等级形容词、副词比较等级的构成:单音节词、多音节词、不规则变化形容词和副词的原级:as+原级+as not + so/as+原级+as形容词、副词比较等级:比较级+than 比较级中的the 比较级+and+比较级 the+比较级, the+另一比较级 可修饰比较级的词考点一 形容词1形容词用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征,在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。You must keep your eyes closed_ when you do eye exercise
2、.(宾补)当你做眼保健操时,必须闭上眼睛。There are many _colourful_ coral reefs under the sea.(定语)海底有许多色彩斑斓的珊瑚礁。Mother looked happy when she received our presents.(表语)妈妈收到我们的礼物时很高兴。2形容词作定语时,一般要放在被修饰的名词前,不定代词或副词后。但enough既可放在被修饰的名词前,也可放在被修饰的名词后。The boy is old_ enough to go to school.这个男孩已足够大能去上学了。He has something_ intere
3、sting to tell his mother.他有一些有趣的事要告诉他妈妈。3基数词可与名词(用连字符相连)构成复合形容词,用作定语。这时名词总用单数,而且这个复合形容词总是放在被修饰的名词前,常表示时间、度量等。如:a 5-year-old girl4有些形容词只能用作表语,不能作定语。这类形容词主要有afraid,alone,asleep,alive,awake,ill等。5有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如:friendly,lively,silly,lovely等。6以ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物,以ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人。如:interesting(有趣的),inter
4、ested(感兴趣的)7“the形容词”表示一类人或物。如:the poor(穷人)等。8一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式。如:glad, happy, pleasedsorry, sad, sure , keen +to do sth.Beready, afraid, ableeasy, difficult 9常见形容词的近义词归类。largebig,gladhappy/pleased,cleverbright,dearexpensive,brokenworn out,harddifficult,finewell,illsick,nicekind/fine/good/beautifu
5、l,alonelonely10常见形容词的反义词归类。badgood,bigsmall,largesmall,blackwhite,busyfree,coldhot,coolwarm,deadliving/alive,drywet,emptyfull,fastslow,highlow,illwell,littlemuch,openclosed,samedifferent,safedangerous,southernnorthern,lessmore,leastmost,worsebetter,worstbest,cheapdear/expensive,easyhard/difficult,po
6、ssibleimpossible,happyunhappy/sad,earlylate11形容词比较等级的构成:原级、比较级和最高级。(1)规则变化类 别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加er,estnew,tallnewer tallernewest tallest不发音的e结尾时加r,st late,finelater finerlatest finest辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加er,esteasy happyeasier happiereasiest happiest重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加er,estthinhotth
7、inner hotterthinnest hottest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more,mostpopular importantmore popular,more importantmost popular,most important (2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther(较远) further(进一步)farthest(最远)furthest(最大程度)oldolder elder(较年长的)oldest eldest(最年长的
8、)12.形容词原级用法(1)说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。The pictures on the wall are nice. 墙上的图片很漂亮。(2)有表示绝对概念的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时用形容词原级。The man is very tall. 这个人很高。(3)表示A与B在某一方面程度一样或不同时用形容词原级。肯定句中的结构:“A.as形容词原级asB”English is as important as Chinese.英语和语文一样重要。否定句中的结构:“A.notas/so形容词原级asB”I am not so fast a
9、s Lucy.我没有露西快。表示“A是B的倍”时,用“A.倍数as形容词原级asB”结构。(两倍:twice;三倍以上:数字times)Our school is three times as big as his.我们学校是他学校的三倍大。This table is twice as long as that one.这桌子是那桌子的两倍长。“half as形容词原级as”表示“是的一半”。His apples are half as many as his sisters.他的苹果是他妹妹的一半多。13形容词比较级用法(1)表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“A.比较级thanB”
10、。The oranges in this bag are bigger than those in that bag.这个包里的橘子比那个包里的橘子大。(2)有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot, much,even,still,far,rather,any等修饰时,用形容词比较级。It is much hotter in Guangdong than that in Jilin. 比热得多。(3)表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时,用句型“Which/Who is形容词比较级,A or B?”表示。Which book is newer,this one or
11、 that one?哪本书更新一些,这本还是那本?(4)表示“几倍于”时,用“倍数比较级than”表示。Her house is twice bigger than mine.她的房子比我的大两倍。(5)表示“两者之间较一个(of the two)”时,常用“the比较级”结构。Tom is the taller of the two boys.汤姆是这两个男孩中较高的一个。(6)表示“越来越”,用比较级重叠结构,即“比较级and比较级”,当形容词是多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more形容词原级”。Its getting warmer_and_warmer in spring
12、.春天天气变得越来越暖和。Our school is becoming more_and_more_beautiful我们的学校变得越来越漂亮了。(7)表示“越就越”时,用“the 比较级,the另一比较级”结构。The_more we get together, the_happier well be.我们越聚在一起就越高兴。14形容词最高级用法(1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示围。He is the youngest in our class.他是我们班年龄最小的。Marys handwriting
13、is the best of the three girls.玛丽的字在三个女孩中是最好的。(2)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“Which/Who isthe最高级,A,B or C?”结构。Who is the oldest,Mary,Nancy or Lily?谁的年龄最大,玛丽,南希还是莉莉?(3)表示“最的之一”时用“one of the形容词最高级”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。The pen is one of the most beautiful pens.这支钢笔是最漂亮的钢笔之一。(4)形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最”。The Yellow
14、 River is the second longest river in China.在中国,黄河是第二长河。(5)形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,但此时不能再用定冠词the。Tomorrow will be my busiest day.明天将是我最忙碌的一天。(6)形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。Li Lei is the_tallest_student in his class.雷是班上最高的学生。Li Lei is taller_ than any other student in his class.雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。Li Lei is t
15、aller_than the other students in his class.雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。Li Lei is taller_than anyone else in his class.雷比班上其他任何人都高。特别注意:(1)ing形容词与ed形容词ing形容词表示“令人的”,表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响,一般修饰或说明事物。如:surprising“令人惊讶的”,exciting“令人兴奋的”,interesting“有趣的”等。 ed形容词表示“感到的”,表示被动意义,多指人对事物的感受,主语一般是人,常用于“sb.beed形容词介词”结构。如:surprised
16、“感到惊讶的”,excited“感到兴奋的”,interested“感兴趣的”等。We are all excited about the exciting news.我们听到这令人兴奋的消息都感到很激动。(2)在同一围比较时,必须把主体排除在被比较的围之外。(在不同围比较时,主体可以和其中任意一个对象进行比较)。如:China is larger than any_other country in Asia.中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。China is larger than any country in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。考点二 副词1副词用来修饰动词、形容词
17、、其他副词或全句,在句中可以作状语、表语、宾语补足语。Please dont leave the room when I am away.当我不在的时候请不要离开房间。The radio says the clouds will lift quite_quickly.收音机上说云将会很快散去。注:可以用作表语的副词有:in,out,on,off,up,down,over,around。2副词的分类副词一般分为以下几类:(1)时间副词。如:now,often,usually,always,early,then,soon,before,ago等。(2)地点副词。如:here,there,out,a
18、bove,below,outside,up,down,downstairs 等。(3)方式副词。如:hard,well,badly,fast,slowly,quietly等。(4)程度副词。如:very,much,still,almost,quite,so,too等。(5)疑问副词。如:how,when,why,where等(用于特殊疑问句句首)。 (6)关系副词。如:when,where,why (放在引导的定语从句句首)。(7)连接副词。如:how,where,why,whether等(放在名词性从句句首,主要是宾语从句)。3副词的位置(1)频度副词,如always,often,somet
19、imes,usually等通常放在动词之前。但在句子里如果有助动词或情态动词,则要放在它们之后。如果有系动词be,也要放在系动词之后。He usually has lunch in the factory.他通常在工厂吃午饭。The boy is often late for class.那个男孩子上课经常迟到。(2)enough作形容词修饰名词时,一般放在所修饰的词之前;作副词修饰形容词或副词时,应放在所修饰的词之后。I have enough money to buy the book.我有足够的钱买下这本书。Hes tall enough to get the book down.他足够
20、高,可以把书取下来。(3)时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同时出现在句中,则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面,也可把时间副词放在句首。They went swimming in the river yesterday.Yesterday they went swimming in the river.昨天他们去河里游泳了。(4)方式副词修饰不与物动词时放在被修饰词之后,修饰与物动词时,放在被修饰的动词之前或宾语之后,如果宾语较长,也可把副词放在动词和宾语之间。My father works hard. 我父亲工作努力。Tom speaks Chinese very well.汤
21、姆的中文说得很好。Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends.王先生很认真地给他的朋友们写信。(5)“与物动词副词”组成的动词词组有名词作宾语时,该名词放在副词前或后均可,如是代词作宾语,则必须将该词放在副词前。Can I try on the shoes,please? 我可以试穿这鞋吗?Dont cut it down! 别把它砍倒!(6)程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面,放在情态动词和助动词之后。Im very sad to hear that.听到这个消息我很难过。(7)某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接,放在句前。Sudd
22、enly he had a good idea.突然他想出了一个好办法。4副词比较等级用法(1)副词的比较级、最高级的变法和形容词的比较级、最高级变法基本一样。请参见形容词比较等级用法。(2)在两者进行比较“表示A不如B”时,部分双音节和多音节副词除使用“not.as/so副词原级as”结构外,还可使用“less副词原级than”结构。Bill didnt do his homework as_carefully_as Jim.Bill did his homework less_carefully_than Jim.Bill做作业没有Jim认真。(3)副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the。Lin
23、 Tao did best in English of all. 林涛的英语最好。(4)不规则变化表原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstlittlelessleastmuchmoremostfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest5.几个常用副词的用法区别(1)how long/how soon/how often/how farhow long “多久,多长时间”,是对一个持续的时间段提问,常用“for时间段”和“since时间点”回答。how soon “多快,多久以后”,是对一个短暂性动词提问,用于一般将来时句子中,常用“i
24、n时间段”回答。how often “多长时间一次”,对频度提问,常用once/twice/three.times a.等回答。how far “多远”,对距离提问。(2)hard/hardlyhard “努力地,辛苦地”,“剧烈地,猛烈地”是程度副词。hardly “几乎不”,是否定副词。We should learn Chinese hard as a Chinese.作为中国人,我们应该努力学习汉语。I can hardly_ see the words on the blackboard.我几乎看不清黑板上的字。(3)much too/too muchmuch too“非常,极其,太”
25、,much和too都是副词,much修饰too以加强语气,中心词是too,much too修饰形容词或副词原级。too much“太多”,中心词是much,too修饰much以加强语气,too much修饰不可数名词。too much与too many相对,但too many修饰可数名词。You will become _much_too fat some day.有一天你将会变得非常胖。Dont eat any more,you have eaten too_much.不要再吃了,你已经吃太多了。(4)too/also/eithertoo 一般不用于否定句,常放在句尾。also常放在be动词
26、或助动词之后,行为动词之前。either用于否定句,常放在句尾。You are a student. I am a student, too.你是学生。我也是学生。They are also students.他们也是学生。You dont know the matter.I dont know, either.你不知道这件事。我也不知道。(5)too/enough/sotoo “太,很”,用于“too.to.”结构,表示否定意义“太而不能”。enough “足够”,用于“形容词/副词原级enough to.”结构,表示“足够能”。so “如此”,用于“so.that.”结构,表示“如此以至于
27、”。Im too tired to go on the work.我太累了而不能继续工作。The girl is old enough to go to school.这个女孩足够大能去上学了。The lake is so deep that nobody dare to swim in it.这个湖太深了以至于没人敢在里面游泳。(6)already/yetalready常用于肯定句。yet常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。I have already_ finished my homework.我已经完成了我的家庭作业。Have you finished your homework yet?你做完家
28、庭作业了吗?考点训练形容词、副词专题训练(一)1Would you mind staying in such a noisy room?No, but my son needs a _place to study in. Acleaner Bquieter Csafer Dsmaller解析本题考查形容词词义辨析。句意为“你介意待在一个如此吵闹的房间里吗?”“不,但我儿子需要一个更为安静的地方学习。”因noisy与quiet相对,故选B。答案B2 He has read many books on history,so its _for him to answer these question
29、s.Ahard BimpossibleCeasy Dserious解析本题考查形容词的词义辨析。hard“困难的”;impossible“不可能的”;easy“容易的”;serious“严重的”。句意为“他读了许多关于历史的书,因此对他来说回答这些问题很容易。”故选C。答案C3Have you ever seen the movie called LosAngeles 2011?Yes,but I think its _.I fell asleep when I saw it. Aexciting Bboring Cbored Dexcited解析本题考查分词形容词的用法。ing形式的形容词表
30、示事物本身具有某种性质与对人的影响;ed形式的形容词多指人对事物的感受。由答语中第二句的句意“当我看它时睡着了”知那部电影对“我”来说很无聊,故选B。答案B4The actress is already 50,but she looks _than she really is. Ayoung Bmore young Cmore younger Dmuch younger解析本题考查形容词比较级的用法。由than知需要使用比较级。young是普通的单音节形容词,直接加er构成比较级形式;much可以修饰形容词的比较级,表示“得多”。故选D。答案D5What a hot day!The weath
31、er report says it will be much _tomorrow. Ahot Bhotter Chottest解析本题考查形容词比较级。由句中修饰比较级的标志词much知空格处需用比较级,故选B。答案B6Terra,you shouldnt be so _.You always leave your things here and there.Sorry,mom.Ill put them away soon.Aterrified BcheerfulCcareless Dfrightened解析本题考查形容词词义辨析。terrified“恐怖的”;cheerful“振奋的”;ca
32、reless“粗心的”;frightened“害怕的”。由空格后面句子的句意“你总是到处丢东西”知Terra的妈妈在劝告Terra不应该那么粗心,故选C。答案C7We all like Miss Wang.I agree with you.She always makes her English classes _.Ainterested Binterest Cinteresting解析本题考查形容词的用法。make后常接形容词作宾补,即“make宾语形容词”,故排除B项;通常interested修饰人,interesting修饰物。由空格所在句的句意“她总是使她的英语课有趣”可知用inter
33、esting。答案C8Im really _before the exam.Take it easy.You are the best.Asurprised BnervousCcomfortable Dconfident解析本题考查形容词在语境中的运用。由后句“放松点,你是最好的”可知上句为“我在考试之前非常紧”。故nervous符合句意。答案B9Which city has _ population,Shanghai,Hong Kong or Qingdao?Shanghai,of course.Athe smallest Bthe leastCthe most Dthe largest解析
34、本题考查形容词的最高级。表示人口多用large,人口少用small,所以排除B、C两项;由地理知识可知,、和三个城市中,的人口最多,由答语“当然是”可知选D。答案D10Its going to rain.Let me fetch an umbrella for you.Thank you! You are so _.Alucky BkindCrelaxed Dinteresting解析本题考查形容词在语境中的运用。lucky“幸运的”;kind“好心的”;relaxed“放松的”;interesting“有趣的”。答语句意为“你!你真是太好了。”B项符合题意。答案B11 During this
35、 years Reading Week,I read the most books in our class.No one reads _books than I. Amany Bmore Cfew Dfewer解析本题考查形容词的比较级。由句中的than可判断应用比较级形式,故排除A、C两项;由上句“在我们班我读的书最多”可知,没有人比“我”读的书更多,故用many的比较级more.答案B12 Funtawild Adventure is very popular and _tourists visit it year by year.Amore and more Bfewer and fe
36、werCless and less Dmore or less解析由前面的“非常受欢迎”可知应是越来越多的游客参观它。“比较级and比较级”意为“越来越”。答案A13 After practicing for several months, I can swim much _now.Aslower BslowestCfaster Dfastest解析本题考查副词的比较级。根据句意“在练习了几个月后”推知“现在我能游得更快了”。much可修饰形容词或副词的比较级。故选C。答案C14 When he heard a cry for help,he ran out as _as he could.A
37、hardly BquicklyCfinally Dslowly解析本题考查副词的用法。由句意“当他听到呼救声时,他尽可能快地跑了出去”知选B。答案B15Steve is good at writing short stories.So he is.But he writes _than us.So he cant get good grades in writing.Amost carefully Bmore carefullyCless carefully Dleast carefully解析本题考查副词的比较级。less原级than表示“不如怎么样”。由答语中的but知“他尽管擅长写短篇小
38、说,但他不如我们写得认真”。故选C。答案C16 He said he would come to see us _the next afternoon.Asometime Bsome timeCsometimes Dsome times解析本题考查形近词词义辨析。sometime“某时”;some time“一些时间”;sometimes“有时”;some times“许多次”。由句意“他说他将在第二天下午的某个时间来看望我们”知选A。答案A17 Stay away from junk food,please! Its bad for us,_for children!Arecently Be
39、speciallyCprobably Dnearly解析本题考查副词在语境中的运用。recently“近来”;especially“尤其”;probably“可能”;nearly“几乎”。由句意“请远离垃圾食品!它对我们有害,尤其是对儿童!”可知especially符合句意。答案B18Were doing a lot to protect our environment, but it is not good enough.So we should try _to look after it. Ahard Bharder Chardest Dhardly解析本题考查副词的比较级。由上句中的“但
40、是那还不够好”可判断本句应为“所以我们应该更加努力地保护它”,故用hard的比较级形式。答案B19It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures.Right.Thats what she likes to do _. Amore Bless Cmost Dleast解析考查副词最高级的用法。上句“爱丽丝好像是除了画画什么也不想做。”下句重申“的确,那是她最喜欢做的。”用最高级most来修饰动词。答案C20 Sometimes walking is even _ than driving during the
41、 busy traffic time. Afast Bfaster Cslow Dslower解析考查形容词比较级的用法。由句中than可判断应用形容词的比较级,可排除A、C,又因为句意为“有时,步行要比在交通拥挤时开车要快。” 故选B。答案B21Did you find the small village yesterday?Yes, without any difficulty, for it has _ changed over years. Ahardly Bgreatly Cclearly Dnearly解析考查副词用法。句意为“昨天你找到那个村庄了吗?”“是的,毫不费力,因为它多年
42、来几乎没变化。”可见需要一个否定意义的词,hardly“几乎不”。所以选择A。答案A22 Study hard! _ you study, _ results youll get. AHarder; better BThe harder; better CThe harder; the better DHarder; the better解析考查形容词与副词比较级用法。固定结构“the 比较级,the 比较级”表示“越越”。句意为“学习越认真,成绩就越好。”答案C23 Julia is very clever.In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the clas
43、s has _ IQ. Aa high Ba higher Cthe higher Dthe highest解析考查形容词的比较级。句意为“我怀疑班上是否有比她智商更高的学生了。”用形容词比较级修饰名词。故选B。答案B24Where would you like to go on your summer holiday, Mike?Id like to go _. Anowhere interesting Binteresting anywhere Csomewhere interesting Dinteresting somewhere解析本题考查形容词修饰不定代词的用法。形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词之后。本题是肯定的述句,故选C。答案C25Why dont you like winter in Beijing?Because it is _ winter in Guangzhou. Aas cold as Bmuch colder than Cnot so cold as D