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1、 学校代码：10254 密级： 论文编号：上海海事大学SHANGHAI MARITIME UNIVERSITY硕士学位论文MASTER DISSERTATION 论文题目： 从奈达的等值理论看商务英语词典的翻译 学位专业： 外国语言学及应用语言学 毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果，也不包含我为获得 及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体，均已在文中作了
2、明确的说明并表示了谢意。作 者 签 名： 日 期： 指导教师签名： 日期： 使用授权说明本人完全了解 大学关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定，即：按照学校要求提交毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版本；学校有权保存毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务；学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；在不以赢利为目的前提下，学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。作者签名： 日 期： 学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本
3、文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权 大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。涉密论文按学校规定处理。作者签名：日期： 年 月 日导师签名： 日期： 年 月 日指导教师评阅书指导教师评价：一、撰写（设计）过程1、学生在论文（设计）过程中的治学态度、工作精神 优
4、 良 中 及格 不及格2、学生掌握专业知识、技能的扎实程度 优 良 中 及格 不及格3、学生综合运用所学知识和专业技能分析和解决问题的能力 优 良 中 及格 不及格4、研究方法的科学性；技术线路的可行性；设计方案的合理性 优 良 中 及格 不及格5、完成毕业论文（设计）期间的出勤情况 优 良 中 及格 不及格二、论文（设计）质量1、论文（设计）的整体结构是否符合撰写规范？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、是否完成指定的论文（设计）任务（包括装订及附件）？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格三、论文（设计）水平1、论文（设计）的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、论文的观念是否有新
5、意？设计是否有创意？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格3、论文（设计说明书）所体现的整体水平 优 良 中 及格 不及格建议成绩： 优 良 中 及格 不及格（在所选等级前的内画“”）指导教师： （签名） 单位： （盖章）年 月 日评阅教师评阅书评阅教师评价：一、论文（设计）质量1、论文（设计）的整体结构是否符合撰写规范？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、是否完成指定的论文（设计）任务（包括装订及附件）？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格二、论文（设计）水平1、论文（设计）的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、论文的观念是否有新意？设计是否有创意？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格3、论文（设计说
6、明书）所体现的整体水平 优 良 中 及格 不及格建议成绩： 优 良 中 及格 不及格（在所选等级前的内画“”）评阅教师： （签名） 单位： （盖章）年 月 日教研室（或答辩小组）及教学系意见教研室（或答辩小组）评价：一、答辩过程1、毕业论文（设计）的基本要点和见解的叙述情况 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、对答辩问题的反应、理解、表达情况 优 良 中 及格 不及格3、学生答辩过程中的精神状态 优 良 中 及格 不及格二、论文（设计）质量1、论文（设计）的整体结构是否符合撰写规范？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、是否完成指定的论文（设计）任务（包括装订及附件）？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格三、论文（设计
7、）水平1、论文（设计）的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、论文的观念是否有新意？设计是否有创意？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格3、论文（设计说明书）所体现的整体水平 优 良 中 及格 不及格评定成绩： 优 良 中 及格 不及格（在所选等级前的内画“”）教研室主任（或答辩小组组长）： （签名）年 月 日教学系意见：系主任： （签名）年 月 日On Translation of Business English Dictionaries from Perspective of Nidas Theory of EquivalenceByWang MinglongUnder
8、the Supervision of Professor Weng FengxiangA Thesis Submitted to the College of Foreign Language of Shanghai Maritime Universityin Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the MA Degree Shanghai Maritime UniversityMay, 2009论文独创性声明本论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。论文中除了特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或其他机构已经发表或撰写过
9、的研究成果。其他同志对本研究的启发和所做出的贡献均已在论文中作了明确的声明并表示了谢意。作者签名：_ 日期：_论文使用授权说明本人同意上海海事大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留送交论文复印件，允许论文被查阅和借阅；学校可以上网公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印、缩印或者其它复制手段保存论文。保密的论文在解密后遵守此规定。作者签名：_导师签名：_日期：_3摘 要英汉、汉英贸易词典属于专业双语词典，旨在满足读者在对外经贸活动中语言与知识方面的需求。随着世界经济一体化进程的不断加快和我国“入世”，中外读者对于作为世界贸易活动中的工作语言英语和汉语的双语辞书英汉、汉英贸易词典的需求
10、日益迫切，对其翻译质量的要求也不断提高。 一本优秀的商务词典不仅仅要有准确的释义和一定的例证，它一定也是一部商务英语翻译的典范，能为潜在的读者提供足够的商务英语信息，帮助他们准确无误地掌握商务词汇的意义，适时传达词汇的语用信息，语法信息，从而有利于读者使之恰当地运用于商务活动之中。对双语词典的翻译的研究由来已久，可目前对英汉商务英语词典的研究可谓凤毛麟角。首先，不少学者认为，英汉商务英语词典隶属双语词典，与双语词典的翻译研究相比其本身不具备研究价值，也就是说如果对双语词典的翻译研究有突破，那么商务英语双语词典的翻译问题也就迎刃而解了。由此可以看出学者们对英汉商务英语双解词典翻译的重视程度不够。
11、其二，商务英语词典的翻译也可以划到商务英语翻译之中，因此有些学者认为对商务英语翻译的研究也就包含了对商务英语词典翻译的研究。殊不知商务英语词典的翻译恰恰是商务英语翻译与词典翻译相结合的产物，对其翻译的研究需要两者紧密有机地结合，这样才能体现出商务英语词典翻译的特色，同时也能为读者带来实惠。因此我们可以说目前对英汉商务英语词典的翻译研究还处于起步阶段，英汉商务英语词典翻译中出现的新问题还亟待探讨和解决。针对目前英汉商务英语词典翻译中存在的问题，本人在对商务英语翻译研究和词典翻译研究的基础之上，结合商务英语翻译的特点和词典翻译的特殊性，以及目前已出版的各类英汉商务英语词典的研究，提出自己对英汉商务
12、英语词典翻译的一些观点，希望能对今后英汉商务英语词典翻译工作起到一定的帮助。 本文共四个部分。第一部分主要回顾了词典翻译和商务英语翻译研究的发展状况，同时讨论了奈达的等值理论在词典翻译中的作用。第二部分主要研究了商务英语词典的翻译，重点讨论了词典翻译与文学翻译的异同。第三部分主要分析了商务英语翻译的特点以及等值理论在商务英语翻译的体现。第四部分主要讨论了等值理论在商务英语词典翻译中的应用，并探讨了商务英语词典翻译的方法、标准等。 本文的创新点：第一，结合现已出版的商务英语词典中具体翻译实例论证了商务英语词典翻译的原则方法。第二，实现了商务英语翻译与词典翻译以及等值翻译理论的有机结合。第三，突出
13、了商务英语词典的翻译与一般语文双语词典翻译的差异。 关键词：商务英语， 双语词典， 等值， 翻译AbstractEnglish-Chinese dictionary, which belongs to the category of professional bilingual dictionary, is designed to meet the needs of readers in business world in aspects of both language and business knowledge. With Chinas entry into the WTO and th
14、e accelerating rate of integration of the worlds economy, Chinese readers in the worlds trading activities have a pressing demand for the English-Chinese bilingual business dictionary, and the request for improving translation quality is also rising.An excellent English-Chinese bilingual dictionary
15、must not only provide an accurate definition and illustration but also serve as an example of translation. It should help readers to grasp the meaning of business words and to convey the pragmatic and grammatical information contained in these words so as to facilitate the proper use of the words in
16、 business activities. Study of the translation of dictionaries has been for so long, but there has been little time devoted to the study of the translation of BE dictionaries. Many scholars think that English-Chinese business dictionaries are part of bilingual dictionaries and there is little value
17、to do such a research compared with that of a bilingual dictionary. Namely, if a breakthrough is made in the research of a bilingual dictionary, the problems concerning the translation of a BE dictionary can be readily solved. Thus it can be seen that scholars have not attached due importance to the
18、 translation of a BE dictionary. The second reason for this negligence is that the translation of a BE dictionary can be put under the category of the translation of BE. Therefore, some scholars take it for granted that the study of the translation of BE covers all the research area of the translati
19、on of BE dictionaries regardless of the fact that the translation of BE dictionaries is the product of the combination of the study of the translation of BE and that of the translation of dictionaries. Consequently, it is self-evident that only by integrating the study of the translation of BE with
20、that of the translation of dictionaries can the characteristics of the translation of BE dictionaries be represented and tangible benefits be brought to readers. So it can be safely concluded that the study of the translation of BE dictionaries has so far been at its initial stage and many new probl
21、ems regarding the translation of BE dictionaries have remained to be solved immediately. In view of the current problems in the translation of BE dictionaries and the particularities of the translation of BE and dictionaries, and based on the research I have made , some suggestions concerning the is
22、sue are put forward for the purpose of rendering some help to solution to these problems.This thesis mainly falls into four parts: First, an overall review of the status quo of the research in the field of the translation of BE and that of dictionaries, and at the same time, Nidas theory of Equivale
23、nce is introduced and some discussions about its role in the translation of a dictionary are carried out. Second, the research into the translation of dictionaries is initiated, focusing on the similarities and differences between the translation of dictionaries and that of literature. Next, a detai
24、led analysis of the distinguishing features of the translation of BE is made and the embodiment of the theory of Equivalence in the translation of BE is discussed. In the last part, the most important part of this thesis, a discussion about the application of the theory of Equivalence to the transla
25、tion of BE dictionaries is carried out and the means and criteria for doing the translation of BE dictionaries are investigated.Innovations about this thesis: First, it demonstrates the principles and means governing the translation of BE dictionaries by means of incorporating the real examples from
26、 the currently published BE dictionaries into the thesis. Second, it approaches a realization of the integration of the translation of BE with that of dictionaries. Third, it highlights the differences and similarities between the translations of BE dictionaries and that of an ordinary philological
27、dictionary. Key words: Business English, Bilingual dictionary, Equivalence, TranslationAcknowledgementsIn the first place, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to all who have helped me out of the predicaments I once bogged down in when I commenced the writing of this thesis. Without these he
28、lps, it would be impossible for me to proceed to finish this seemingly formidable task at one stroke.Also, I feel much indebted to my supervisor-Prof.Weng Fengxiang, for his unremitting instructions and pertinent remarks I received during the past two years, which proves to be of much help to finali
29、ze this thesis, and for his encouragement, which makes this almost impossible task possible.My thanks also go to my classmates, whose witty remarks sometimes sparkle my thought and open my horizon. Their kind and timely help surely makes this thesis better than it would have been.I also want to give
30、 my sincere gratitude to all the teachers in these two years of my postgraduate study. This thesis is no doubt an accumulation of knowledge I have learned from the courses and their lectures of course inspired me a lot in ways of thinking.Finally, I would like to mention my family, who unswervingly
31、help me through all the difficulties in my life and consequently leave me enough time to engage in this thesis.Contents摘 要IAbstractIIIAcknowledgementsVContentsVIIntroduction1Chapter One Introduction41.1 Definitions of Equivalence41.2 Development of Equivalence And Its Relations with Tranlation of a
32、BE Dictionary51.3 Status Quo of the Translation of BE Bilingual Dictionaries101.3.1 Development of the Translation of Bilingual Dictionaries101.3.1.1 Development of the Compilation of Bilingual Dictionaries101.3.1.2 Development of Chinese Bilingual Dictionaries121.3.2 Development of BE Translation15
33、1.3.3 The Status Quo of Translation of BE Dictionaries17Chapter Two Translation of General E-C Bilingual Dictionaries212.1 Features of E-C Bilingual Dictionaries212.1.1 Development of Bilingual Dictionaries212.1.2 Bilingual Dictionaries vs. Monolingual Dictionaries222.1.3 Characteristics of Bilingua
34、l Dictionaries232.1.4 Special Features of Translation of Bilingual Dictionaries (BD)242.2 BD Translation and Literature Translation252.3 The Equivalence Principle in Dictionary Translation302.3.1 Equivalence in Function312.3.2 Equivalence in Semantics322.3.3 Equivalence in Form332.3.4 Equivalence in
35、 Pragmatic Approach352.3.5 Equivalence in Markedness372.3.6 Equivalence in Rhetoric382.3.7 Equivalence in Cultural Information382.3.8 Equivalence in Effect39Chapter Three BE Translation423.1 Characteristics of Business English423.1.1 The Relatively Fixed Pattern423.1.2 Conciseness433.1.3The Complex
36、Structure of Sentence443.1.4 The Lexical Features of Business English453.1.5 Sense of Purpose483.1.6 Social Aspects483.1.7 Clear Communication493.2 Application of Equivalence Theory to BE Translation493.2.1 Basic Criteria for BE Translation493.2.2 Equivalence in Meaning in Business English Translati
37、on523.2.2.1 Equivalence at Lexical Level523.2.2.2 Equivalence at Syntactic Level543.2.2.3 Equivalence at Discourse Level563.2.3 Equivalence in Style583.2.3.1 At the Word Level583.2.3.2 At Syntactic Level583.2.3.3 At Discourse Level603.3 Suggested Principles for BE Translation623.3.1 Accuracy623.3.2
38、Professionalism653.3.3 Conventionalization67Chapter Four Translation of BE Dictionaries694.1 Features of E-C Dictionaries of BE694.1.1 Headwords694.1.2 Examples714.1.3 Users and Compilers724.1.4 Publication724.2 Suggested Criteria for the Translation of E-C Business Dictionaries734.2.1 Principle of
39、Accuracy744.2.2 Principle of normativeness and idiomaticity764.2.3 Fidelity764.2.4 Readability784.2.6 Practicability794.3 Application of Equivalence Theory to the Translation of BE Dictionaries794.3.1 Equivalence in the Translation of Headwords804.3.1.1 Types of Equivalents in the Translation of Hea
40、dwords in E-C Business Dictionaries804.3.1.2 Comparison between Translational & Explanatory Equivalents844.3.1.3 Equivalence in the Translation of Culture-loaded Words864.3.1.4 Equivalence in the Translation of New Words904.3.1.4.1 The Formation of New Words914.3.1.5.2 Translation of New words934.3.
41、2 Equivalence in the Translation of Illustrative Examples954.3.2.1 Equivalence from the Aspects of Semantics954.3.2.2 Equivalence from Aspects of Grammar974.3.2.3 Equivalence from Aspects of Sentence Structure984.4 Methods of Providing Equivalents994.4.1 Translational Defining Method994.4.2 Explanat
42、ory Defining Method100Conclusion103Bibliography105- 110 -IntroductionThe emergency of business English is both the outcome of social development and the English language itself. In the age of Knowledge Economy of the 21st century, business English has shown its overwhelming importance. It has been w
43、idely used in the international communication. For Chinese businessmen, English is not their mother tongue and the need to do translation is conspicuous when they do business with their counterparts who come from English-speaking countries. In Chinas academic circles, more and more scholars have dev
44、oted much time to looking into translation, intending to establish a discipline called Translatology. Yet, their focuses are always directed at the translation of literature, which has been an indisputable fact over many decades. Nevertheless, with the deepening of globalization of world economy, the translation of business English has become necessary a