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1、JaneAusten,ATransitionalWriterin&nbs【摘要】简奥斯汀是英国文学史上18世纪末新古典主义过渡到19世纪初浪漫主义的重要代表作家。本文重点从两方面探讨她的过渡性：一方面从作品的主题看，大部分奥斯汀的小说都反映了人们对婚姻态度及观念的变化；另一方面，从写作风格上看，她的作品以喜剧的形式讽刺社会，令人深思。【关键词】简奥斯；过渡时期Asweallknow,itisnotuntilthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturythatwomennovelistsbegantoappearinEngland.Andsomegiftedwomenfromthe
2、endofthe18thcenturyto19thcenturymadesomecontributionstothedevelopmentoftheEnglishnovel,whichevenwontheirplacesinthefrontranksofsomerealistslikeCharlesDickens,WilliamMakepeaceThackeray,etc.JaneAusten(1775-1817)wasjustsuchagreatwomanwriterinthisperiod.ShebroughttheEnglishnoveltoitsmaturityandhersatiri
3、calfictionsmarkedthetransitionfromthe18th-centuryneoclassicismtothe19th-centuryromanticismintheEnglishliterature.JaneAustenwasbornatSteventonandtheseventhchildofacountryclergymanfamily.Shewaseducatedathomeandpassedallherlifeindoingsmalldomesticdutiesinthecountryside.Shewrotesixcompletefamousnovels,i
4、ncludingSenseandSensibility(1811),PrideandPrejudice(1813),MansfieldPark(1814),Emma(1816),NorthangerAbbey(1818),andPersuasion(1818).Shelivedandworkedattheturnofthecentury,whichwitnessedagreatchangeoftheEnglishsociety.SincetheIndustrialRevolutioninthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury,theEnglishsocialstructur
5、eunderwentrapidchanges.Theindustrialcapitalistsbegantocontrolnotonlytheeconomicbutalsothepoliticalpowerandthusthestrugglebetweentheworkersandcapitalistsalsobecamemoreandmoresharp.Consequently,peoplestartedtodoubtandevenlosehopetotheenlighteningthoughtsthatwaspopularinthefirsthalfofthe18thcentury.Lit
6、erature,asa“barometer”ofthesociallife,alsoexperiencedgreatchange.Oneofthemostremarkablechangeswasintheliterarytaste.Thatistosay,peoplestartedtodislikeSwiftsbrutality,Defoesfrankrealism,andevenFieldingsmasculinesatire.Sotheworkswiththerationaltonebegantogivewaytotheworksfullofsentiments.Undersuchasoc
7、ialandliteraryenvironment,JaneAustenexertedhertransitionalroleinEnglishliterature.Wecanseeitfromtwoaspects.Andtheheroandtheroinearetheverysensiblepeople.Mr.Darcy,fromanoblefamily,hasastrongsenseoffamilystatusandturnsuphisnoseatthevulgarityofBennetfamily.AndElizabethBennetisalsoverysensitivetoherfami
8、lybackgroundandbecomesinstantlyprejudicedagainstMr.Darcy,despitehisgoodlooksandgreatwealth.However,withthegradualdeepintercourseandunderstandingbetweenthesetwopeople,theyfallinlovewitheachotherandfinallysmashthebondsoftherationandsocialpressureandmarry.Sothisnovelshowsthevictoryofthesentiment,foriti
9、sjustthankstothedeeplovethatmakesthesetwopeoplefromdifferentclassstatussuccessfullymarry.ThisreflectsthatJaneAustenscreatingthoughtsbeginstochangefromtherationalismtotheromanticism.HerlastnovelPersuasionalsodisplayssuchachange.Therefore,wecansaythatitisjustthroughtheconflictbetweentherationandsentim
10、entinthenovelsthatJaneAustenaccomplishesthetransitionfromtherationalliteraturetotheromanticliterature.1Firstly,intheme,mostofJaneAustensnovelsreflecttheprocessofthechangeoftheattitudetowardsthemarriage.Asweallknow,inAustensnovelSenseandSensibility,oneoftheheroine,ElinorDashwood,isquitesensible.Sheth
11、inksveryhighlyofamanwhoseworthinessinhereyesonlyincreaseswhenshelearnswhyhecannotmarryher.However,anotherheroine,MarianneDashwood,isverysentimentalatthebeginning.Soshetrustshersensesandfallsinlovewithamanwhointruthisnotasgoodasheseemsandfinallyisabandoned.Throughthedifferentfatesofthesetwosisters,Ja
12、neAustenshowsusherearlyattitudetowardsthemarriagethattomarryaccordingtosensewillendinfailurewhilewithrationwillsucceed.SuchathemereflectsthatatfirstJaneAusteninheritsthetraditionalenlighteningthoughts.However,hermindschangeinherlaternovels,especiallyinhernovelsPrideandPrejudiceandPersuasion.Inthesen
13、ovels,sentimentbecomesupperhandandattainssuccessintheend.Forexample,attheverybeginningofthenovelPrideandPrejudice,JaneAustenwrote,“Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.”Moreover,herdevelopmentfromrationalismtotheromanticismalsoreflectsinhernew
14、conceptofmarriage.Thatissheadvocatestheonlybaseofmarriageshouldbethetruelove,notthefamilybackgroundsandeconomicbase.ThisvividlyreflectsinthesceneofElizabethBennetrefusingMr.Collinsproposal.WhenMr.CollinsproposestoElizabeth,sheanswers,1“Ithankyouagainandagainforthehonoryouhavedonemeinyourproposals,bu
15、ttoacceptthemisabsolutelyimpossible.Myfeelingsineveryrespectforbidit.”ThesewordsshowElizabeththedeterminationthatshepreferstokeepsingleinallherlifeSecondly,hertransitionalrolealsodisplaysinherwritingstyle.Thatistosay,ontheonehand,sheinheritedsomecharacteristicsoftheneoclassicisminstyleandpaintedthew
16、orldsheknew;soitisfoolishtoexpectfromherthehigh-flownsentiment;butontheotherhand,tosomedegree,herstyleisalsodifferentfromthepreviousenlighteningwriters,likeFielding,justassheherselfclaimedthatshenotonlypaintedtheworldshelivedinwithfidelity,butalsowithsympathy;withasensitivesenseofitsblemishes,butals
17、owithatrueinsightintoitsredeemingvirtues.Sohercharactersevolvethemselveswithoutanygreatdramaticepisodes.Andalthoughherlanguagesparkleswithwitandirony,theyaremoderate.HernovelPrideandPrejudiceprovidesagoodexampleforthispoint.WeknowthatMr.Collinsisaclergymaninthisnovel.Whenhesingshighpraiseforhispatro
18、ness,hesays,2“LadyCatherinewasreckonedproudbymanypeople,heknew,buthehadneverseenanythingbutaffabilityinher.Shehadalwaysspokentohimasshewouldtoanyothergentleman;shemadenotthesmallestobjectiontohisjoininginthesocietyoftheneighborhood,nortohisleavinghisparishoccasionallyforaweekortwotovisithisrelations
19、.”ItistruethatthesewordsarealsothesatiretoMr.Collinssnobbery.Butdifferentfromthetraditionalsatire,JaneAustenistooconsciousofpeoplessnobberytobeangrywiththem,andthusgiveshercriticismaflavorofhumor.Therefore,wesaythatinstylesheisalsoatransitionalwriterattheturnofthecentury,justasoneofthemostimportantn
20、eoclassicist,SirWalterScott,commentsonher,3“Thebigbow-wowstrainIcandomyself,likeanynowgoing;buttheexquisitetouchwhichrendersordinarycommonplacethingsandcharactersinterestingfromthetruthofthedescriptionandthesentimentisdeniedme.”Tosumup,throughtheaboveanalysis,wecanmakesuchasummarythatJaneAustenplays
21、atransitionalroleintheEnglishliteraturefromthe18thneoclassicismtothe19thromanticism.Trainedintheenlighteningtradition,shedisplaysthefeelingmoderately;influencedbythecomingromanticism,shesatirizesthesocietyincomedy.SoitmightbeanerrortosaythatJaneAustenisincapableofsentiment,becausenobadycancreateatru
22、ecomedyoflifewithoutromanceandpassionthatiseveninthehumblestexistence.【Notes】1Austen,Jane,1997,PrideandPrejudice,BeiJing:ForeignLanguageTeaching&ResearchPress&OxfordUniversityPress,p.1.2Austen,Jane,1997,PrideandPrejudice,BeiJing:ForeignLanguageTeaching&ResearchPress&OxfordUniversityPress,p.48.3Craik
23、,W.A.1965,JaneAusten:TheSixNovels,NewYork:Barnes&NobleInc.,p.56.【References】1Austen,Jane,1997,PrideandPrejudice,BeiJing:ForeignLanguageTeaching&ResearchPress&OxfordUniversityPress.2Craik,W.A.1965,JaneAusten:TheSixNovels,NewYork:Barnes&NobleInc.,p.56.3Rubinstein,AnnetteT.1953,TheGreatTraditioninEngli
24、shLiteraturefromShakespearetoShaw,NewYork:TheCitadelPress.4朱红编写，1985，奥斯丁研究，北京：中国文联出版公司。The Comparison of Family Education 英语毕业论文-中美家庭教育的比较Abstract In the last few years, with the development of diathetic education has stricken root into the hearts of the people, the family education has been a hot s
25、pot of society, in which tens of thousands of families#39; vital benefits and urgent need lie. Because, good family education is closely related to children#39;s quality and behaviour, and related to the future of our country. At present, the situation of family education is good, large number of pa
26、rents and schools have created successful experience, even many parents study the family education knowledge initiatively, the educational idea has undergone the profound change. Nevertheless, the family education is still a weak link, particularly, As the Western educational thought is penetrating
27、through the East and facing the traditional and modern thought about family education, the Chinese parents are torn between the two choices. Therefore, developing family education is either an opportunity, or a challenge. Moreover, Chinese and the Western family education each has its own good point
28、s, but in different aspects, the educational methods are different, so we need to understand the differences between Chinese and Western family education, make up for one#39;s deficiency by learning from others#39; strong points, and push forward the family educational modernization instantaneously,
29、 in that case, China will have the inestimable prospects. key words family education china and the west tradition difference comparison 摘要 近几年来，随着素质教育的深入人心，家庭教育已经成为当今社会关注的一个热点，是千万家庭的切身利益和迫切需求所在。因为，良好的家庭教育直接关系到了孩子的素质和品行，更关系到祖国的未来。就中国目前来看，家庭教育的发展态势良好，一大批家长、学校创造了成功的经验，更有许多学生家长主动学习家庭教育知识，教育观念发生了深刻变化。但是尽
30、管如此，家庭教育仍是一个薄弱环节，尤其是随着西方教育思想的传入，中国家长面对传统与现代家教思想，表现出无所适从的无奈。因此，对于开展家庭教育，既是机遇，又是挑战。而且，中西家庭教育各有千秋，在不同方面，教育方法也不同，所以我们就需要深刻了解中西家庭教育的差异，取长补短，并且不失时机地推进家庭教育现代化，这样中国的未来才具有不可估量的发展前景。 关键词 家庭教育，中西，传统 ，差异 ， 比较 From ancient times to modern times, family education has been playing an important role in the national
31、 educational cause. A great man-Xiaoping Deng said, “The basis of a country#39;s modernization lies in talents, the basis of talents lies in education, and the basis of education lies in family. China is a country with emphasis on the home education. The outstanding home education in the deep educat
32、ion culture.” The family education, the school education and the social education are the three big props of education. They are indispensable. Nowadays, increasing attention has been paid to family education by the modern society, and it gets a hot spot of society, which is closely related to tens
33、of thousands of families#39; vital benefits and urgent need. At present, family education maintains a good momentum of growth in China. It gets more and more important to Chinese families. Throughout the ages, many men of insight work delightly in the field of home education, and accumulate quite su
34、bstantial achievements. And China is an oriental country with a long history, its deep educational culture includes the elements of excellent family education. As we all know, Chinas ancient educatinal thought want through the ancient family educational field. “Family Instruction of Yan” , Zhitui Ya
35、n, Southern and Northern Dynasties For example: moral instructions first; the respect for old; the care for the young; the cultivation of moral character; example setting; the determination of being strong; learned profound knowledge, careful consideration; and so on. These outstanding thoughts are
36、go back to ancient times. Nevertheless, there are still a lot of problems emerging out in that family education, which is still weak. The education expert concerned, who made the long-term pursuit of investigations, thought that 2/3 family education is improper. All the analysis justifies the conclu
37、sion : the first, malignant events erupt unceasingly. It not only indicates the importance of family education, but indicates the importance and necessity of carrying on scientific family education; the second, in current home education, there is still erroneous zone. It may be summarized as “three
38、excess” and “one excessive height”: that is , quite some parents are excessively concerned with the children, excessively reatrain and nosed into the children#39;s affairs, excessively chatter and criticize the children, and something excessive is expected of the childern. These problems are in need
39、 of immediate solution; The third, under the market economy condition, there is the multiple concept of value, the only child community grows as well as the divorce families increase and so on, all this brings about many unprecedented new situations and new problems; The fourth, rural population acc
40、ount for 80%, the countryside housing disperses, the condition is bad, guardian#39;s cultural quality is somewhat low, the countryside#39;s family education has become the key and difficult point n developing family education . And at the same time, with the development of educational cause, Western
41、 educational thoughts penetrate slowly through the East. When facing the traditional and modern thoughts, chinese parents are at a loss as to what to choose. Therefore, directing at some bad phenomena, we regard it as necessary to make a comparison between chinese family education and western family
42、 education. But, before the comparison,we need to know about the social background of China and Western Countries. As we all know, China is a socialist country and most Western countries belong to capitalist countries. And, they have different history and cultures. China advocates Confucianism and t
43、he western countries advocate the revival of literature and art. But the most important point is that their attitude towards the position of family institution#39;s position is also different. In china#39;s traditional family, parents#39; authoritative consciousness plays a leading role while wester
44、n civilizations mainly emphasize struggle, equality, democracy and human rights home Of course, home education is a kind of humanity#39;seducational practice. China and the Western family education have many things in common. Generally speaking, it can be summed up as follows1st, emphasis is laid on family education. No matter which country you come from, what nationality you belong to all think the family is a person#39;s first school, and the parent is the first teacher. Either China or Western countries, either the ancient times or the modern times, family