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1、2023年最新整理考试真题资料2022 年全国研究生入学考试英语押题试卷(一)During the 1980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90 percent. Some countries did not 1 enough food; basic needs in housing and clothing were not 2 . Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed na
2、tions 3 solutions.4,problemscannotalwaysbesolvedbycopyingthe industrialized nations. Industry in the developed nations is highly automated and very 5 . It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly 6 workers are needed to 7 and repair the equipment. These workers must
3、be trained, 8 many nations do not have the necessary training institutions. Thus, the 9 of importing industry becomes higher. Students must be sent abroad to 10 vocational and professional training. 11, just to begin training, the students must 12 learn English, French, German, or Japanese. The stud
4、ents then spend many years abroad, and 13 do not return home.All nations agree that science and technology 14 be shared. The point is, countries 15 the industrial processes of the developednations need to look carefully 16 the costs, because many of these costs are 17 . Students from these nations s
5、hould 18 the problems of the industrialized countries closely. 19 care, they will take home not the problems of science and technology, 20 the benefits.1. A generateB raiseC produceD manufacture2. A answeredB metC calculatedD remembered3. A forB withoutC asD about4. A MoreoverB ThereforeC AnywayD Ho
6、wever5. A expensiveB mechanicalC flourishingD complicated6. A giftedB skilledC trainedD skillful7. A keepB maintainC retainD protect8. A sinceB soC andD yet9. A chargeB priceC costD value10. A acceptB gainC receiveD absorb11. A FrequentlyB IncidentallyC OccasionallD Eventually12. A soonB quicklyC im
7、mediatelyD first13. A someB othersC severalD few14. A mightB shouldC wouldD will15. AadoptingBconductinCreceivingD adjusting16. A toB atC onD about17. A smallB secretC obviousD hidden18. A tackleB learnC studyD deal19. A InB ThroughC WithD Under20. A exceptB noC orD but二、阅读理解题（每题 1 分，共 20 分）选择以下答案中正
8、确的一个， 选择您认为正确的答案Text1Perhaps no poet”s career was more closely associated with the Imagist（印象派）movement than was that of H.D.（Hilda Doolittle）. Her verse, with its precise, clear images, typified the imagists rebellion against what they perceived as the sentimentalism and careless techniques of nine
9、teenth-century poetry.H.D.attended private schools in Philadelphia and then Bryan Mawr College. The love of classical antiquity she acquired during these years later surfaced in the many references in her poetry to figures from Greek and Egyptian mythology and in her classical notions of beauty and
10、form. While in Philadelphia she also beganmaking friendships with Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, and Harriet Monroe.In 1911, H.D.sailed for Europe, where her career began. Soon after arriving in London, she renewed her friendship with Pound and met and married Richard Aldington, an Imagist poe
11、t and novelist who also directly influenced the shape of her writing. She began writing short poems that so impressed Pound with their precise description and diction that he insisted she submit them to Harriet Monroe” s Poetry magazine signed “H.D., Imagist.“ She persisted in using her initials for
12、 the remainder of her career closely linked to the Imagist rebellion against more traditional poetry.The clear, spare, and energetic lyrics of H.D.”s early poems, with their classical images, later became fuller, freer, and more “open“ philosophic explorations of the world. By the destruction of the
13、 Second World War that she witnessed evoked deeper visions of the relationship of ancient truths to modern realities. That vision is expressed in such works as Truiolgy（三部曲）（1946）， Helen in Egypt（1961）, and her last work, Hermetic Definition（1961）.H.D.”s industry and literal achievement are just beg
14、inning to be recognized and appreciated. In addition to her poetry, she wroteseveral novels, including Palimpsest（重写本）（1926）, Heylus（1928）, and Bid Me to Live（1960）. Many of her other poems, essays, and short stories have been published posthumously.21、Themaintopicofthepassageismostprobably. （此题分值：1
15、 分） 正 确 答 案 B AH.D.”s early worksBH.D.”s contributions to a literary movementC The influence of nineteenth-century poetry on H.D.”s workD The role of mythology in H.D.”s poetry22、According to the passage, the Imagists revolted againstearlier poets” emphasis on. 正 确 答 案 D Astrict technique Bthe class
16、ic（此题分值：1 分）Cbeauty and form Demotion23、H.D. was encouraged to submit her work to Poetry magazine by. （此题分值：1 分）正确答案 BARichard Aldington DWilliam Carlos WilliamsBEzra PoundCHarriet Monroe24 、 ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatH.D. ” s work. （此题分值：1 分）正确答案 DAdiscussed personal relationships Bwas typic
17、al of nineteenth-century Cwas difficult to understandDbecame more widely known after her death25、The word “posthumously“（line 4， para. 5）most probably means. （此题分值：1 分）正确答案CAin the later years of the author Bwithout creating a sensation Cafter the death of the author Dafter the publication of other
18、works Text 2Archaeology is a source of history, not just a humble auxiliarydiscipline. Archaeological data are historical documents in their own right, not mere illustrations to written texts. Just as much as any other historian, an archaeologist studies and triesto reconstitute the process that has
19、 created the human world in which we live - and us ourselves in so far as we are each creatures of our age and social environment. Archaeological data are all changed inthematerialworldresultingfromhumanactionor,more succinctly, the fossilized results of human behavior. The sum total of these consti
20、tutes what may be called the archaeological record.This record exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records.Not all human behavior fossilizes. The w
21、ords I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world any may be of great historical significance. Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless they are captured by a Dictaphone or written down by a clerk. The movement of troops
22、on the battlefield may “change the course of history“ , but this is equally ephemeral from the archaeologist ” s standpoint. What is perhaps worse is that most organic materials are perishable. Everything made of wood, hide, wool, linen, grass, hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in du
23、st in a few years or centuries, save under very exceptional conditions. In a relatively brief period the archaeological record is reduced to mere scraps of stone, bone, glass, metal, and earthenware. Still modern by a few lucky finds from peat bogs, deserts, and frozen soils, is able to fill up a go
24、od deal of the gap.31 、 According to the passage, the archaeological recordconsists of.（此题分值：1 分）正确答案aaspoken words of great historical significance bthe fossilized results of human activity corganic materialsdephemeral ideas32、The word“they”in line 13 refers to. （此题分值：1 分）正确答案bascrapsbwordsctroopsd
25、humans33、Which of the following is not mentioned as an example ofan organic material?（此题分值：1 分）正确答案aastone.bwool.cgrass.dhair.34、The author mentions all of the following archaeological discovery sites except.（此题分值：1 分）正确答案aaurban areasbpet bogscvery hot and dry landsdearth that has been frozen35 、 T
26、heparagraphfollowingthepassagemostprobablydiscusses.（此题分值：1 分）正确答案catechniques for recording oral histories bcertain battlefield excavation methods csome specific archaeological discoveriesdbuildingmaterialsofthenineteenthandtwentieth centuries三、单项选择题（每题 2 分，共 10 分）选择以下答案中正确的一个， 选择您认为正确的答案。Long befo
27、re Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now.41) Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart f
28、rom color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. That kind of rock in whichthe remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.42) Nearly all of the fossilsthat w
29、e know werepreservedin rocks formed by water action, andmost of these areof animalsthat lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know noting.43) There were also crablike creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substanc
30、e. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.44) Of these, the ammonites are ve
31、ry interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one.Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.45) About 75 million years ago t
32、he Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and
33、 on bone carvings.A The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.B Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils, From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the ki
34、nd of food they ate.C The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and manyof them lived in t
35、he swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.D The best index fossils tend to be marine creature. There animals evolved rapidly and spre
36、ad over large over large areas of the world.E The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forma are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to t
37、he sea bed, or to rocks.F When an animal dies,the body,its bones,or shell,may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud .If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud .More and more mud would fall upon it until the bo
38、nes or shell become embedded and preserved.G Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolvedby an acidic solution toleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreduced to a more stableform.41、（此题分值：2 分）正确答案B42、（此题分值：2 分）正确答案F43、（此题分值：
39、2 分）正确答案E44、（此题分值：2 分）正确答案A45、（此题分值：2 分）正确答案C四、翻译题(每题 2 分，共 10 分)请将正确答案填入下面的输入框， 修改无误后点“提交”。46) The main impression growingout of twelve years on the faculty of a medical schoolis that the No.1 health problem intheU. S. today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don” t know how to think
40、 about health and illness. Our reactions are formed on the terror level. We fear the worst, expect the worst, thus invite the worst. The result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs (自疑有病者), a self-medicating societyincapableofdistinguishing betweencasual, everyday symptom
41、s and those that require professional attention.Somewhere in our early education we become addicted to the notion that pain means sickness. 47) We fail to learn that pain is the body”s way of informing the mind that we are doing something wrong, not necessarily that something is wrong. We don”t unde
42、rstand that pain may be telling us that we are eating too much or the wrongthings; or that we are smoking too much or drinking too much; or that there is too much emotional congestion in our lives; or that we are being worn down by having to cope daily with overcrowded streets and highways, the poun
43、ding noise of garbage grinders, or the cosmic distance between the entrance to the airport and the departure gate, we get the message of pain all wrong. 48) Instead of addressing ourselves to the cause, we become pushovers for pills, driving the pain underground and inviting it to return with increa
44、sed authority.49) Early in life, too, we become seized with the bizarre idea that we are constantly assaulted by invisible monsters called germs, and that we have to be on constant alert to protect ourselves against their fury. Equal emphasis, however, is not given to the presiding fact that our bod
45、ies are superbly equipped to deal with the little demons, and that the best way of forestalling an attack is to maintain a sensible life-style.The most significant single statement about health to appear in the medical journals during the past decade is by Dr. Franz Ingelfinger, the late and former
46、editor of the New England Journal of Medicine. Ingelfinger noted that almost all illnesses areself-limiting. That is, the human body is capable of handling them without outside intervention.50) The thrust of the article was that we need not feel we are helpless if disease tries to tear away at our bodies, and that we can have greater confidence in the reality of a healing system that is beautifully designed to meet most of