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1、Ethics and Social Responsibility商业伦理和社会责任chapter three第三章第三章McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All Rights Reserved.3-2Ethics and Social ResponsibilityChapter Objectives:学习目标：1.EXAMINE ethics in international management and some of the major ethical issues and problems
2、confronting MNCs in selected countries.研究：在所挑选的一些国家研究国际管理中的商业伦理，以及跨国公司所面临的主要商业伦理问题。2、DISCUSS some of the pressures on and action being taken by selected industrialized countries and companies to be more socially and environmentally responsive to world problems.讨论：在所选的一些工业化国家和所面临的压力以及所采取的行动，这些行动对世界性的
3、问题将更负责任。3、EXPLAIN some of the initiatives to bring greater accountability to corporate conduct and limit the impacts of corruption around the world.解释：一些主动行为给公司管理者带来了更大的社会责任，并 限制了世界范围内腐败的影响。3-3Ethics and Social ResponsibilityEthics 商业伦理:Study of morality and standards of conduct 1.研究道德和行为标准Dilemmas
4、arising from conflicts between ethical standards between countries most evident in employment practices 2.产生于国家的指导商业行为的道德规范之间的冲突的困境，最常体现在雇佣惯例Inferring right vs.wrong in legal sense 3.在法律基础上推断出正确和错误 3-4Ethics and Social ResponsibilityCorporate Social Responsibility(CSR)公司社会责任:Closely related to ethic
5、s-与伦理密切相关Actions of a firm to benefit society beyond requirements of law and direct interests of firm 公司的一些造福社会且超越法律的要求和公 司的直接利益的行为CSR involves taking voluntary action 公司社会责任基于自发的行为CSR concerns include working conditions in factories and service centers as well as environmental impacts of corporate
6、activities -公司社会责任的担忧包括工厂的工作条件和服务中心问题以及公司活动对环境的影响3-53-6Ethics and Social ResponsibilityEmployment and business practices 雇佣和商业惯例Difficult to establish a universal foundation of employment practices 难以建立一个雇佣惯例的全球原则Difficult dilemmas in deciding working conditions,expected consecutive work hours,and l
7、abor regulations.在决定工作条件、连续工作时间、劳动规范的困境Offshoring due to differences in labor costs 由于不同的劳动力成本导致境外转移3-7Ethics and Social ResponsibilityHuman Rights人权Currently no universally adopted standard目前没有被普遍采用的可接受的行为标准A great deal of subjectivity and culturally biased viewpoints exist存在相当大的主观性以及社会之间的文化差异Some
8、basic rights:life,freedom from slavery or torture,freedom of opinion and expression,general ambiance of nondiscriminatory practices一些基本的权利：生命权、人身自由权、言论自由权、普遍采用的无歧视原则Human rights violations still rampant globally 人权问题在全世界依然很普遍3-8Ethics and Social Responsibility商业伦理和社会责任商业伦理和社会责任Corruption 腐败Governmen
9、t corruption pervasive element in international business environment 政府腐败是国际上普遍存在的问题Scandals in Russia,China,Pakistan,Lesotho,South Africa,Costa Rica,Egypt and elsewhere 爆出丑闻的有俄罗斯、中国、巴基斯坦、莱索托、南非、哥斯达黎加、埃及和其他国家3-93-10Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR)and Sustainability企业社会责任和可持续性企业社会责任和可持续性CSR:Actio
10、n of a firm to benefit society beyond the requirements of the law and direct interests of the firm 企业社会责任：超出法律要求和公司直接利益、造福社会的公司行为Sustainability:Development that meets humanitys needs without harming future generations 可持续性：既满足当代人类需要又不损害后代人类需要的发展3-11NGOs,MNCs and Ethical Balance非政府组织，跨国公司和伦理平衡非政府组织，跨
11、国公司和伦理平衡NGO:Non-governmental organization;private,not-for-profit organization that seeks to serve societys interests by focusing on social,political,and economic issues such as poverty,social justice,education,health and the environment.非政府组织：私人、非营利组织、旨在服务于社会，关注社会、政治、经济问题如贫穷、社会公平、教育、健康和环境问题的组织。NGOs
12、have urged MNCs to be more responsive to range of social needs in developing countries 非政府组织已敦促跨国公司在发展中国家为更加适应社会需要的范围负有更多责任NGOs have grown in number,power,influence 非政府组织在数量、权利、影响力上不断扩张NGO activism has caused major changes in corporate behavior非政府组织在公司行为和管理的主要改变产生了影响NGO leaders are the most trusted
13、of eight leadership categories(see slide to follow)非政府组织领导人是八类领导类别中最值得信赖的（见下面的幻灯片）3-123-13Rise of Civil Society and NGOs公民社会与非政府组织责任的增加公民社会与非政府组织责任的增加Major criticisms 主要的批评主要的批评Exploitation of low-wage workers 使用低工资的工人Environmental abuses 滥用环境Intolerable workplace standards 工作场所标准恶劣Response to socia
14、l obligations 回应社会义务回应社会义务：Agreements and codes of conduct协议与行为规范Maintenance of standards in domestic and global operations维持一些国内和全球业务的标准Cooperation with NGOs regarding certain social issues非政府组织正视现存的社会问题Corporations receiving heavy criticism 接受强烈批评的公司接受强烈批评的公司Nike 耐克Levis 李维斯Chiquita 彻姬塔3-143-15Eth
15、ics and Social ResponsibilityAround the World:CHINA世界上的伦理与社会责任：中国世界上的伦理与社会责任：中国Workers not well paid工人没有得到很好的报酬Often forced to work 12 hours a day,7 days a week常常被强制一天工作12小时，一周工作7天Piracy,counterfeiting,industrial spying盗版、伪造、工业间谍Human rights violations 人权暴力Use of prisoner and child labor使用刑犯和童工3-16E
16、thics and Social ResponsibilityAround the World:JAPAN世界上的伦理与社会责任：日本世界上的伦理与社会责任：日本Political and business scandals:政治与商业丑闻-Japanese cabinet member have accepted questionable payments and favors日本内阁成员接受可疑的支付与利益Japanese banking system has failed to take corrective actions when dispersing loans日本银行体系在办理贷
17、款业务时决策失误Some Japanese firms systematically concealed customer complaints一些日本公司有计划隐瞒顾客的抱怨3-173-18Ethics and Social ResponsibilityAround the World:EUROPE世界上的伦理与社会责任：欧洲世界上的伦理与社会责任：欧洲Equal employment opportunity平等的雇用机会Glass ceiling pervasive throughout the world玻璃天花板效应在全球都普遍存在France,Germany,Great Britai
18、n have seen increase in number of women in management,but tend to represent only lower levels法国、德国、英国虽然在管理岗位上女性的数量有所增加，但趋向于仅仅在较低的管理层上3-19Corporate Response to Social Obligations公司回应社会义务公司回应社会义务Agreements and codes of conduct committing MNCs to maintain certain standards 跨国公司承诺在经营时维持一些标准的协议和行为规范Codes
19、 help offset real or perceived concern that companies move jobs to avoid higher labor or environmental standards in their home markets 行为规范帮助回应了公司转移工作是为了避免母国市场中更高的劳动力和环境标准的压力。Contribute to raising of standard in developing world by exporting higher standard to local firms in these countries 有助于提升发展中
20、国家的标准，向东道国公司“出口”了较高的标准。3-20Principles of Global Compact全球协议的原则全球协议的原则Human Rights 人权Labor 劳动力Environment 环境Anti-Corruption 反对腐败3-21Principles of Global Compact3-22Corporate Governanc公司治理公司治理The System by which business corporations are directed and controlled:管理和控制公司的体系 Distribution of rights and re
21、sponsibilities 权利和职责的分配Stakeholder management利益相关者的管理Spells out rules and procedures明确的规则和程序Makes decisions做决定Objective setting目标设定Means of attaining objectives达到目标的措施Monitors performance领导者的绩效3-233-24Global Initiatives to Increase Accountability and Limit Corruption 全球倡议提高社会责任和限制腐败全球倡议提高社会责任和限制腐败Fo
22、reign Corrupt Practices Act 反海外腐败法International Assistance Partnerships 国际援助合作关系3-25Corruption and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA)腐败和反海外腐败法腐败和反海外腐败法Some evidence that discontinuing bribes does not reduce sales of the firms products or services in that country 一些证据表明，停止贿赂不会减少在该国企业的产品或服务的销售Recent
23、formal agreement by many industrialized nations to outlaw the practice of bribing foreign government officials 最近在许多工业化国家的正式协议，取缔贿赂外国政府官员的做法Illegal for U.S.firms and their managers to attempt to influence foreign officials through personal payments of political contributions,including such tactics a
24、s“Entertainment”expenses“Consulting”fees 美国公司或管理者试图通过个人支付和政治捐款影响国外政府官员的行为不合法，例如娱乐费用和咨询费用等3-26Corruption and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act腐败和反海外腐败法腐败和反海外腐败法 Recent formal agreement by many industrialized nations to outlaw the practice of bribing foreign government officials 最近许多工业化国家宣布贿赂外国政府官员行为不合法的一
25、项正式协议Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 组织 经济合作与发展 29 members plus several other countries have signed on 29个成员国加上其他几个国家签署了协议Fails to outlaw most payments to political party leaders没有禁止大多数向政治领导人的捐款Does indicate growing support for anti-bribery initiatives是否表明对反贿赂措施有了越来越多的支持3-273-28International Assistance3-29Millennium Development Goals3-30