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1、Guide to English-Speaking Guide to English-Speaking Guide to English-Speaking Guide to English-Speaking CountriesCountriesCountriesCountries英语国家概况英语国家概况The United The United Kingdom of Great Kingdom of Great Britain and Britain and Northern IrelandNorthern IrelandChapter 4 EconomyThe United Kingdom
2、of Great The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandBritain and Northern Ireland英英语语国国家家概概况况 Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Recent History of British Econom
3、y Current British EconomyIIICONTENT Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Victorian AgevMercantilism(重商主义重商主义)va.theacquisitionofgoldandsilver,inpaymentforgoodsexported,increas
4、edthewealthofanation.vb.Itdevelopedthedoctrineofthebalanceoftrade.vDominant positiona.1/3oftheworldsmanufacturedgoods.b.1/2oftheworldscoal,ironandcotton.c.shippingisgreaterthanthesumoftherestoftheworld.Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide to
5、A Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Recent History of British EconomyIvEconomic declinevInthepre-warera,itwaso
6、nlysecondtoUS,butthisindicatedsomesortofdecline.vAfterWorldWarII,theBritisheconomyexperiencedaperiodofgreatdifficultyandrelativeeconomicdecline.Growth and DeclineGrowth and Decline Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Sp
7、eaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries CausesvtwoWorldWarsgreateconomicloss,heavilyindebt.vtheeraoftheBritishEmpirewasoverdecolonization(lossesofrawmaterial&market)vmilitaryexpense(untiltheprocessofdecolonizationcompletedinthe1960s)vfailuretoinvestinmodernequipmentandnewproducts Foreign Language
8、 Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Policiesv“mixedeconomy”an economy in which thereis some public ownership as well as privately owned businessvDuringthe20thcenturythegovernmenthasbecomeinv
9、olvedintheeconomythroughintroductionofsocialwelfarepoliciesandlawstoregulateindustrialrelations.Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Foreign Language Teaching and Research Pre
10、ssForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Butitunderwentaparticularlybadperiodin1970s,withhighratesofinflationanddevaluationofthepound.Result:BritainseconomicgrowthfellbehindthatofwesternEuropeancountries Foreign Language
11、Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Policies(1979-1997)v1979-1997ConservativePartyvMargaretThatcherRadical economic reformsell back those industries to the private sector beat inflation(prima
12、ry objective)Promote competitive spirit in economySocial welfare reducedResult:Britainseconomicgrowthstilllaggedbehind Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Foreign Language Te
13、aching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries“In politics if you want anything said,ask a man.If you want anything done,ask a woman.”Margaret ThatcherPolicies(1979-1997)Foreign Language Teaching and Rese
14、arch PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Current Br
15、itish EconomyIIvtheworlds6thlargesteconomy(2010)(afterUS,Japan,China,GermanyandFrance)vTheUKspeoplearetheworldstwelfthrichestvSterlingperformedrelativelywellagainstmajorcurrenciesinrecentyears Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide t
16、o English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries NaturalResources&InfrastructuresvPrincipalresourcesoilandgas(intheNorthSea,onthecoastofScotland)vLargeamountofcoal(keptforfutureuse)vHighlydeveloped&efficientmainroadandrailnetworkandairportsEastcoastofScotland Foreign Language Teaching and Rese
17、arch PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Energy Pro
18、ductionvCoalfieldsaremostlylocatedinCentralScotland,CentralEnglandandSouthWales.v3Bigproducers:Shell,BritishPetroleum(BP),BritishGas(BG)Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Se
19、rvices industriesvServicesindustries,especially,businessandfinancialservicesthestrongestperformingsectorintheUKeconomyvLondonthestrongestperformingregionintheUKLondonEye Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking Engl
20、ish-Speaking CountriesCountries FinancevImportanceofinstitutionsofCityofLondoncannotbeover-emphasizedvknownastheworldsleadinginternationalfinancialcentrevOver550internationalbanksand170globalsecuritieshouseshaveofficesinLondonvBANKING Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teac
21、hing and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Finance(Cont.)vTheBankofEnglandthe central bank of the UKa nationalized industry operated on behalf of the government.controls the currency and acts as banker both to the government and to the commercial
22、 banks aims to maintain the integrity and value of the currency,maintain the stability of the financial system and ensure the effectiveness of the financial services sector.Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking E
23、nglish-Speaking CountriesCountries vTheLondonforeignexchangemarketisthelargestintheworld,withdailyturnoverof$504bninApril2001,accountingfor31%ofglobalturnover,morethanNewYorkandTokyocombined.Finance(Cont.)Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide
24、 toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries vSecuritiesDealing vLondonisthemajorcentrefortheinternationalbondmarket
25、.vLondon-basedbookrunnersaccountedforabout60%ofinternationalbondsissued,with70%oftradinginthesecondarymarket,includingeuro-denominatedissues,alsobasedinLondonFinance(Cont.)Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking En
26、glish-Speaking CountriesCountries vLondon Stock Exchange Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Lloydsv小钟一响小钟一响,黄金万两黄金万两 Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 英英语语国国家家概概况况