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1、UNIT EIGHTCOLLEGE EDUCATIONPart I LANGUAGE SKILLPART II LANGUAGE IN CONTEXTPART III TOWARD PRODUCTIVE LANGUAGE若出现禁用“宏”和“ActiveX”对话框，请选择“启用”2（南方版）（南方版）读写写译KEY WORDS MADE EASYKEY EXPRESSIONS IN USEPart I LANGUAGE SKILLBACK UNIT EIGHTKEY WORDS MADE EASYRead aloud the following sentences and figure out
2、what each italicized word means.The clue in the parentheses will help.1.Many students complain that their teachers allocated them a lot of tasks for the holidays.(assigned)2.If the test is very difficult,the students will exert themselves to pass it.(strive)3.Some students from diverse family backgr
3、ounds live in the same dormitory.(various)4.The staff complimented the competence of the new teachers in this university.(capability)5.The students are waiting for the feedback on the exam anxiously.(response)6.The teacher asked a question but nobody responded in the classroom.(replied)BACK UNIT EIG
4、HTKEY WORDS MADE EASYA Read aloud the following sentences and figure out what each italicized word means.The clue in the parentheses will help.7.Language teachers should enhance learners language awareness as well as language ability itself.(improve)8.Students dont like strict commandments in their
5、university.They want freedom.(rules)9.The government set up many night schools to help the illiterate to read.(uneducated)10.The mutual love between students and teachers is the reciprocity of education.(exchange)BACK UNIT EIGHTB Read aloud each of the following sentences.See how these expressions a
6、re used.1.Students dont believe his words because his words didnt rest on scientific research.2.Those drill exercises require students to substitute one word for another.3.That outgoing students have better grades is a self-fulfilling prophecy.4.Some students did the experiments in the lab all thumb
7、s.The teacher was not satisfied.5.Many universities encourage students to get hands-on experience.KEY EXPRESSIONS IN USEBACK UNIT EIGHTPART II LANGUAGE IN CONTEXTREADING SELECTION:TEXT ASTUDY AND PRACTICEQUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSIONBACK UNIT EIGHTPreview QuestionsWork in pairs or groups,and discuss the
8、following questions.1.Some students have high grades but low capability.If you were a teacher,how would you design an education to develop students talents in a well-rounded and highly qualified manner?Discuss with your partner and list out your specific solutions.2.Whats the standard of being a goo
9、d teacher?If you needed to manage a large group of naughty students in a middle school,how would you deal with the troublemakers in your class?Work with your partner and find out some effective ways.3.Whats your ideal university?How do you judge whether one university is better than another?4.Discus
10、s the most common reasons for a student to like or dislike a particular course.BACK READING SELECTION:TEXT AUNIT EIGHTLead-in QuestionsWhats the standard of being a good teacher?If you needed to manage a large group of naughty students in a middle school,how would you deal with the troublemakers in
11、your class?Work with your partner and find out some effective ways.Tips:A good teacher should be patient,considerate of the students needds,enthusiastic,capable of understanding what the students are thinking,devoted to his or her career,in posession of sufficient knowledge in his or her field,and l
12、oving his or her students.Lead-in QuestionsI will care about the troublemakers and find out why they lose interest in class and what they are interested in.Then I will talk to them often,get their trust and let them know that I care about them and have no prejudice against them.After that I will be
13、able to persuade them to keep disciplined in class.I will respect them,give them the opportunity to express themselves,give them some responsibility,communicate with them,find theire strong points and encourage them to do things they like,make friends with them after class,etc.In my opinion,some stu
14、dents turn to be troublemakers in order to get the attention from the teachers sometimes.Lead-in QuestionsDiscuss the most common reasons for a student to like or dislike a particular course.Tips:Personal interest,teacher of the course,common belief,following the fashion,the usefulness of a particul
15、ar course,beneficial to future career,assignment and task(if demanding),etc.BACK READING SELECTION:TEXT AUNIT EIGHTBACK READING SELECTION:TEXT AUNIT EIGHTBACK Discuss the following questions in pairs or groups.QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSIONFor Comprehension 1.What does the author want to tell us in this e
16、ssay?2.What can we learn from the fifth principle“Emphasizes Time on Task”?3.What will states probably do if they respond by“holding out carrots and beating with sticks”?4.What does the sixth principle“Communicates High Expectations”imply?5.According to the essay,who take the responsibility for impr
17、oving undergraduate education?UNIT EIGHTBACK Discuss the following questions in pairs or groups.QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSIONFor Viewpoints6.Apart from the seven principles the essay lists,can you think out other principles to improve undergraduate education?7.How can the students make what they learn pa
18、rt of themselves?8.How can teachers carry out the principle“Respects Diverse Talents and Ways of Learning”?UNIT EIGHT1.Apathetic students,illiterate graduates,incompetent teaching,impersonal campuses so rolls the drumfire of criticism of higher education.More than two years of reports have spelled o
19、ut the problems.States have been quick to respond by holding out carrots and beating with sticks.There are neither enough carrots nor enough sticks to improve undergraduate education without the commitment and action of students and faculty members.They are the precious resources on whom the improve
20、ment of undergraduate education depends.2.But how can students and faculty members improve undergraduate education?Many campuses around the country are asking this question.To provide a focus for their work,we offer seven principles based on research,on good teaching and learning in colleges and uni
21、versities.These seven principles are not ten commandments shrunk to a 20th century attention span.They are intended as guidelines for faculty members,students,and administratorswith support from state agencies and trustees to improve teaching and learning.These principles seem like good common sense
22、,and they arebecause many teachers and students have experienced them and because research supports them.They rest on 50 years of research on the way teachers teach and students learn,how students work and play with one another,and how students and faculty talk to each other.Part I.Para.1-3Part I.Pa
23、ra.1-33.While each practice can stand alone on its own,when all are present their effects multiply.In what follows,we describe several different approaches to good practice that have been used in different kinds of settings in the last few years.QuestionsQuestions How to improve undergraduate educat
24、ion?Whats the States response to the problems in undergraduate education?Whats the key in the improvement of undergraduate education?1.spell out(L.5):1)say alound or write the letters of a word in their correct orders拼出某字Language PointsLanguage Points那个字你再拼一遍好吗？e.g.Could you spell that word out for
25、me again?spell out:2)make sth clear and easy to understand,explain sth in detail讲清楚某事，详细解释某事mitment(L.10):1)(to sth/to do sth)thing one has promised to do;pledge;undertaking 承诺；保证；承担 2)state of being dedicated or devoted(to sth)致力，献身于某事物Ive taken too many commitments.我应承的事情太多了。e.g.我们在寻求对此工作真正能尽职尽责的人
26、。e.g.Were looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job.Will this shirt shrink in the wash?4.shrink(L.19):(cause sth to)become smaller,esp because of moisture or heat or cold(使某物)收缩(尤指因受潮受热或受凉所致)这件衬衫洗后缩水么？e.g.Car sales have been shrinking recently.汽车销量近来一直在下降。e.g.5.shrink(back/away)
27、from sth/sb:move back or withdraw from sth/sb,esp through fear or disgust退缩，畏缩As he moved threateningly forward she shrank from him.他步步逼近，把她吓得直向后退缩。e.g.英国把获得奖牌的希望寄托在奥维特身上。e.g.British hopes of a medal rest on Ovett.他出名是靠他的喜剧，并不是靠小说。e.g.His fame rests on his plays than on his novels.7.rest on sb/sth(L
28、.24):depend on or rely on sb/sth;be based on sth 依靠或依赖某人某事；建立在某事物的基础上，基于某事物Our problems have multiplied since last year.兔子繁殖得很快。e.g.2乘以4得8.e.g.2 multiply by 4 makes 8.(One can make 8 by multiplying 2 and 4 together.)Rabbits multiply rapidly.自去年以来我们的问题增多了。e.g.8.multiply(L.28):1)繁殖；2)A by B/A and B(to
29、gether)乘；3)增加Part II.Para.4-10Part II.Para.4-102.Develops Reciprocity and Cooperation among Students Learning is enhanced when it is more like a team effort than a solo race.Good learning,like good work,is collaborative and social,not competitive and isolated.Working with others often increases invo
30、lvement in learning.Sharing ones own ideas and responding to others reactions sharpens thinking and deepens understanding.Part II.Para.4-10Part II.Para.4-103.Encourages Active Learning Learning is not a spectator sport.Students do not learn much just by sitting in classes listening to teachers,memor
31、izing pre-packaged assignments,and spitting out answers.They must talk about what they are learning,write about it,relate it to past experiences and apply it to their daily lives.They must make what they learn part of themselves.Part II.Para.4-10Part II.Para.4-104.Gives Prompt Feedback Knowing what
32、you know and dont know focuses learning.Students need appropriate feedback on performance to benefit from courses.When getting started,students need help in assessing existing knowledge and competence.In classes,students need frequent opportunities to perform and receive suggestions for improvement.
33、At various points during college,and at the end,students need chances to reflect on what they have learned,what they still need to know,and how to assess themselves.Part II.Para.4-10Part II.Para.4-105.Emphasizes Time on Task Time plus energy equals learning.There is no substitute for time on task.Le
34、arning to use ones time well is critical for students and professionals alike.Students need help in learning effective time management.Allocating realistic amounts of time means effective learning for students and effective teaching for faculty.How an institution defines time expectations for studen
35、ts,faculty,administrators,and other professional staff can establish the basis of high performance for all.Part II.Para.4-10Part II.Para.4-106.Communicates High Expectations Expect more and you will get more.High expectations are important for everyonefor the poorly prepared,for those unwilling to e
36、xert themselves,and for the bright and well motivated.Expecting students to perform well becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy when teachers and institutions hold high expectations for themselves and make extra efforts.Part II.Para.4-10Part II.Para.4-107.Respects Diverse Talents and Ways of Learning Th
37、ere are many roads to learning.People bring different talents and styles of learning to college.Brilliant students in the seminar room may be all thumbs in the lab or art studio.Students rich in hands-on experience may not do so well with theory.Students need the opportunity to show their talents an
38、d learn in ways that work for them.Then they can be pushed to learn in new ways that do not come so easily.QuestionsQuestionsHow can the students make what they learn part of themselves?What can we learn from the fifth principle”Emphasizes Time on Task”?What does the sixth principle“Communicates Hig
39、h Expectations”imply?9.enhance(L.37):increase(the good qualities of sb/sth);make(sb/sth)look better 增强某人某事物的优点；使某人某事看起来更好；提高；美化Language PointsLanguage PointsThose clothes do nothing to enhance her appearance.她穿那些衣服也并没显得更漂亮。e.g.10.respond(L.49):1)(to sb/sth)(with sth)give a verbal or written answer 以
40、口头或书面方式回答2)(to sth)(with sth)反应，回应，响应 She responded to my letter with a phone call.He responded to my volley with a backhand.她收到我的信，给我回了个电话。e.g.他反手一击把我截击的空中球打了回来。e.g.11.spit out(L.57):utter sth violently or forcefully 厉声说出某事她厉声咒骂我。e.g.She spat out curses at me.她给他们讲那事发生的经过。e.g.She related to them ho
41、w it happened.The report relates high wages to/with labour shortages.该报告把工资高与劳动力短缺联系在一起了。e.g.12.relate(L.60):1)sth(to sb)叙述，讲 2)sth to/with sth(在思想上或意义上)将两事物联系起来，将某一事物与另一事物相联系什么人可能从新的税法中得到最大的好处？e.g.Who is likely to benefit most by the new tax laws?They assess the damage at 350.他们评定损害赔偿金为350英镑。e.g.13
42、.benefit from/by sth(L.64):receive benefit or gain 得益14.assess(L.65):1)sth(at sth)decide or fix the amount of sth确定，评定(某数额)assess:2)decide or fix the value of sth;evaluate确定，评定(某事物)的价值；估计They have the house assessed by a valuer.他们让估价者给房子估价。e.g.assess:3)sth(as sth)estimate the quality of sth估计，评定某事物的
43、质量我估计你成功的机会极微。e.g.Id assess your chances as extremely low.15.reflect on/upon sth(L.68):think deeply about,or remind oneself of,past events;consider 沉思或思忆往事；思考I need some time to reflect on your offer.我需要时间来考虑你的建议。e.g.She reflected that his argument was probably true.她心想他的理由也可能对。e.g.16.substitute (L.
44、71):(n.)(for sb/sth)person or thing that replaces,acts for or serves as sb or sth else 代替、替换或代理的人或事物；代替者；代理人；代用品经理不能出席，派了个副手代表他。e.g.The manager was unable to attend but sent his deputy as a substitute.(vt.)sb/sth(for sb/sth)put or use sb/sth as a substitute(for sb/sth else)用某人或事物代替另外的人或事物We must sub
45、stitute a new chair for the broken one.我们这把破损的椅子得换把新的。e.g.(vi.)for sb/sth act or serve as a substitute 代替；替换；代理；取代Can you substitute for me at the meeting?你代我去开会好么？e.g.17.allocate (L.73):sth(to sb/sth)allot or assigh sth(to sb/sth)for a special purpose(为某目的)配给，分配某事物(给某人某事物)He allocated each of us ou
46、r tasks/allocated tasks to each of us.他给我们每个人都分配了工作。e.g.18.exert (L.83):1)sth(on sb/sth)bring(a quality,skill,pressure,etc)into use;apply sth用(某特质、技巧、压力等)；应用(某物)她丈夫殷切期望她能成功，给了她很大的压力。e.g.Her husband exerted a lot of pressure on her to succeed.exert:2)oneself(no passive不用于被动语态)make an effort 努力，尽力Youl
47、l have to exert yourself more if you want to pass your exam.你若想考试及格，就必须更加努力。e.g.19.be all thumbs(L.92):be very clumsy,esp when handling things十分笨拙；(尤指)笨手笨脚他太兴奋了以致于笨手笨脚的，把杯子掉了。e.g.Harry tried to fix the chair,but he was all thumbs.He was so excited that his fingers were all thumbs and he dropped the
48、cup.亨利想要修好椅子，但他太笨拙了。e.g.thumbs up/down:phrase or gesture used to indicate success or approval/failure or rejection表示成功或赞许失败或拒绝的用语或手势Im afraid its thumbs down for your new proposal.我看你的新建议是行不通了。e.g.under ones thumb:completely under sbs influence or control 完全受某人的影响或支配她把他管住了。e.g.Shes got him under her
49、 thumb.(Hes under the thumb of her.)20.rich in sth(L.93):producing or having a large supply of sth(某物)盛产，丰富；多Oranges are rich in vitamin C.橙子含有丰富的维生素C。e.g.Teachers and students hold the main responsibility for improving undergraduate education.But they need a lot of help.College and university leade
50、rs,state and federal officials,and accrediting associations have the power to shape an environment that is favorable to good practice in higher education.Part Part.Para.11.Para.11QuestionsQuestionsAccording to the essay,who take the responsiblitiy for improving undergraduate education?21.accredit(L.