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1、PHIL 2931Chinese PhilosophySung-Ming Confucianism(III)Schedulen nReview of Mencius,Chung Yung,Great Learning,and Chu Hsis Philosophy/School of Principlen nDebate between Chu Hsi and Lu Chiu-yuann nSchool of Mind and Wang Yang-Mingn nMind as PrincipleMind as Principlen nInnate Knowledge of the Good.C
2、hih Liang Chih Innate Knowledge of the Good.Chih Liang Chih 致良知致良知n nThe Unity of Knowledge and Action The Unity of Knowledge and Action Peoplen nChou Tun-I 周敦頤(1017-1073 AD)n nShao Yung 邵雍(1012-1077AD)n nChang Tsai 張載(1020-1077AD)n nCheng Hao 程顥(1032-1085)and Cheng I 程頤(1033-1107)n nChu Hsi 朱熹(1130
3、-1200)n nLu Chiu-yuan 陸九淵(1139-1193)n nWang Yang-Ming 王陽明(1472-1523)Chung Yungn n The destiny of heaven is called the nature;an accordance with this nature is called the Way(Tao/Dao 道);the cultivating of this Way is called education.n n天命之謂性；率性之謂道；修道之謂教。1:2n nOnly after knowing what to abide in can
4、one be calm.Only after knowing what to abide in can one be calm.Only after having been calm can one be tranquil.Only after having been calm can one be tranquil.Only after having achieved tranquility can one have Only after having achieved tranquility can one have peaceful repose.Only after having pe
5、aceful repose peaceful repose.Only after having peaceful repose can one begin to deliberate.Only after deliberation can one begin to deliberate.Only after deliberation can the end be attained.Things have their roots and can the end be attained.Things have their roots and their branches.To know what
6、is first and what is last their branches.To know what is first and what is last will lead one near the Way.will lead one near the Way.n n知止而後有定；定而後能靜；靜而後能安；安而知止而後有定；定而後能靜；靜而後能安；安而後能慮；慮而後能得。後能慮；慮而後能得。1:4n nThe ancients who wished to manifest illustrious virtue to the The ancients who wished to manife
7、st illustrious virtue to the world would first bring order to the states.Those who wished to world would first bring order to the states.Those who wished to bring order to the states would first regulated their families.bring order to the states would first regulated their families.Those who wished
8、to regulate their families would first cultivated Those who wished to regulate their families would first cultivated their persons.Those who wished to cultivate their persons would their persons.Those who wished to cultivate their persons would first rectified their minds.Those who wished to rectify
9、 their first rectified their minds.Those who wished to rectify their minds would first make their wills sincere.Those who wished to minds would first make their wills sincere.Those who wished to make their wills sincere would first extended their knowledge.make their wills sincere would first extend
10、ed their knowledge.Such extension of knowledge(Chih-ChihSuch extension of knowledge(Chih-Chih致知致知)lay in the lay in the investigation of thingsinvestigation of things(ko wu (ko wu 格物格物).).n n古之欲明明德於天下者先治其國。欲治其國者先齊其家。欲古之欲明明德於天下者先治其國。欲治其國者先齊其家。欲齊其家者先修其身。欲修其齊其家者先修其身。欲修其 身者先正其心。欲正其心者先誠身者先正其心。欲正其心者先誠其意。欲
11、誠其意者先致其知。致知在格物其意。欲誠其意者先致其知。致知在格物。Menciusn n2A:6(Four Beginnings)n n6A:1-4(Human Nature)n n2A:2(strong,moving power/flood-like Chi/Hao Jan Chih Chi 浩然之氣)n n7A:1(Mind,Nature,Heaven)n n7A:15(innate ability 良能 and innate knowledge 良知)Nature as Principlen nRen as principle(and so are Yi,Li-Ritual,Wisdom,
12、etc.)n nMenciuss Theory of Human Nature(again)n nFour Virtues and Four Beginningsn nMindn nExplaining evil from Chi(gas)n nSpiritual Cultivation:Investigated ThingsA Debate(Rationalism vs.Idealism)n nMeeting in a Temple of“Lake of Swan”(鵝湖鵝湖之會之會)n nTwo sides:n nChu HsiChu Hsin nLu Chiu-yuan(and his
13、brother)Lu Chiu-yuan(and his brother)n n Topic:n nNature as Principle vs.Mind as PrincipleNature as Principle vs.Mind as Principlen n“Emphasizing the importance of study”“Emphasizing the importance of study”道問學道問學道問學道問學 vs.“prizing of ones virtuous nature”vs.“prizing of ones virtuous nature”尊德性尊德性尊德
14、性尊德性Wang Yang-Ming 王陽明王陽明(1472-1523)n nNot only a great philosopher in the Ming Dynasty,but also a great politiciann nHe was a follower of Chu Hsis philosophy,until he failed in“investigated”the bamboo for seven days(And then got sick).n nGet a“sudden enlightenment”later.And then turn to Mind as Pri
15、nciple,and further,Innate Knowledge of the Good/Conscience.(Chih Liang Chih 致良知)Chih Liang Chih 致良知致良知n nInnate Knowledge and Ability to be Good/Consciencen nThe core and central concept in Wang Yang-Mingn nRefer back to Mencius 7A:15n n“original mind”in Buddhism.n nEveryone has Buddha-nature vs.inn
16、ate knowledge(the streets are full of sages)n nSee stories in Fung 312-313Great Learning:Three Principlesn nNew Interpretation on the Great Learningn nThree principles,especially manifesting illustrious virtue(Fung 310-311)The Unity of Knowledge and Action n nChan 656 for an explanationn nCompare to
17、 Chi Hsis philosophy again.n nA new interpretation(and complete)to Confucian philosophyn nWhole system in The Great Learning is united,and complete.Two questionsn nComparing the school of principle and school of mindn n1.If Mencius is the main doctrine of Confucianism,which one is a better interpret
18、ation and closer to Menciuss philosophy?Which one can be the main Confucian philosophy?Two questionsn n2.Which one is“better”to the world?n nsee Chan 655 for an objection to Wangs philosophyn nAs a reply to Buddhism and Taoism?n nCompare a shortcoming between Chan Buddhism Compare a shortcoming between Chan Buddhism and School of Mind in Confucianism.and School of Mind in Confucianism.n nAs a solution to the world?