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1、会计学1柏拉图介绍柏拉图介绍(jisho)英文英文第一页，共14页。Who is Plato?TeacherTeacherSocratesPlatoAristotle第1页/共14页第二页，共14页。Platos Biography Born around the year 428 B.C.in AthensBorn around the year 428 B.C.in Athens His father died when he was youngHis father died when he was young Platos birth name was Aristocles(not to
2、 be confused Platos birth name was Aristocles(not to be confused with Aristotle)and he gained the nickname“Platon”with Aristotle)and he gained the nickname“Platon”because of his broad buildbecause of his broad build When he was young,his basis of study was music and When he was young,his basis of st
3、udy was music and poetrypoetry Plato was in the military service from 409 B.C.to 404 Plato was in the military service from 409 B.C.to 404 B.C.and then joined a group called the Thirty Tyrants,B.C.and then joined a group called the Thirty Tyrants,but ended up leaving it because of the violencebut en
4、ded up leaving it because of the violence第2页/共14页第三页，共14页。n nSocrates was Platos disciple and Plato started to adopt his Socrates was Platos disciple and Plato started to adopt his philosophy&style of debate.philosophy&style of debate.n nAfter Socrates death in 399 B.C.,Plato left Athens with some A
5、fter Socrates death in 399 B.C.,Plato left Athens with some friends and traveled for the next 12 years while studying geometry,friends and traveled for the next 12 years while studying geometry,geology,astronomy,and religion.geology,astronomy,and religion.n nPlatos studies were directed toward the q
6、uestion of virtue Platos studies were directed toward the question of virtue&the formation of noble character&the formation of noble character第3页/共14页第四页，共14页。Plato Back In ATHENSn nWhen Plato returned to Athens in 387 B.C.,he started a school of learning called the Academy,which was eventually desc
7、ribed as the 1st European Universityn nAt the Academy,he taught his subjects astronomy,biology,mathematics,political theory,and philosophy.第4页/共14页第五页，共14页。Platos Worksn nHe had 36 dialogues(books)and 13 letters-“The Republic”He had 36 dialogues(books)and 13 letters-“The Republic”n nGive readers a s
8、ense of philosophy as a living and unfinished subject,to which they will Give readers a sense of philosophy as a living and unfinished subject,to which they will need to contribute to finishneed to contribute to finishn nModern scholars doubt the authenticityModern scholars doubt the authenticityn n
9、After writing,his works were“lost”until the RenaissanceAfter writing,his works were“lost”until the Renaissancen nThey have been steadily studied sinceThey have been steadily studied sincen nBig influence in math and scienceBig influence in math and sciencen nDifference between arithmetic and logisti
10、cDifference between arithmetic and logistic第5页/共14页第六页，共14页。n n“He believed that ideas were far more real than the natural world.He advised that astronomers not waste their time observing the stars and planets.It was better he believed,just to think about them”-Carl Sagan第6页/共14页第七页，共14页。Allegory of
11、 the Caven nPeople lived life chained facing a blank wall People lived life chained facing a blank wall of a cave.of a cave.n nThey could only see the moving They could only see the moving shadows projected by the people and shadows projected by the people and fire behind them.fire behind them.n nTh
12、e people began to think this of was The people began to think this of was reality.reality.n nHowever philosophers are people However philosophers are people from the cave that understands that the from the cave that understands that the shadows are being cast by other people shadows are being cast b
13、y other people in true form.in true form.n nFascinated with the idea of“Perfect Form”Fascinated with the idea of“Perfect Form”第7页/共14页第八页，共14页。What If Plato Were to Run For Presidency?第8页/共14页第九页，共14页。Plato&Politicsn nThe RepublicThe Republicn nVirtues of JusticeVirtues of Justicen nCourageCouragen
14、nWisdom and Moderation(Individual and Society)Wisdom and Moderation(Individual and Society)n n3 Part Society3 Part Societyn nWorkers(producing)Workers(producing)n nThe“appetite”of the soulThe“appetite”of the souln nWarriors(protecting)Warriors(protecting)n nThe“spirit”of the soulThe“spirit”of the so
15、uln nRulers(governing)Rulers(governing)n n The“reason”of the soul The“reason”of the soul第9页/共14页第十页，共14页。Plato&Politics Cont.Courage is not merely military courage but primarily civic courage:the ability to preserve the right,law-inspired belief,and stand in defense of such values as friendship and
16、freedom on which a good society is founded.第10页/共14页第十一页，共14页。Plato&Politics Cont.Platos Government Would Have:n nMultiparty Systemn nPeriodic Electionsn nProfessional Civil Service(Union)Plato believed that that there could be a body of knowledge whose attainment would make it possible to completely heal political problems.第11页/共14页第十二页，共14页。The End of Platon nPlato died in 347 B.C.,leaving the Academy.n nThe Academy remained a model for institutions of higher learning until Emperor Justinian closed it 第12页/共14页第十三页，共14页。Plato and His Marvelous Beard第13页/共14页第十四页，共14页。