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1、Unit ThreeCeremonial,informative and persuasive speeches礼仪型、信息型、劝说型演讲 oEverything that can be taught at all,can be taught clearly.Everything that can be said,can be said clearly.o -Ludwig Wittgensteino A beautiful form is better than a beautiful face;a beautiful behavior than a beautiful form.o -Ral
2、ph Waldo EmersonObjectives 单元目标单元目标oSpeaking skills:to understand different types of speechesoExemplar(I):to address an opening ceremonyoExemplar(II):to congratulate the companys anniversary oUseful expressions:to familiarize with the language of addressing an opening ceremony and congratulatingoApp
3、lication tasks:to practice opening a new branch and congratulating Ceremonial speech oHow to define ceremonial speech?oCeremonial speech mainly refers to the act of praising shared values in public.oGreat variety of ceremonial speechoOpening ceremony or closing ceremony speeches,Toasts,Graduation sp
4、eeches,Awards acceptance speeches,Welcoming Speeches,Condolence,Eulogies,and memorial speeches,Farewell,Nomination,Retirement and etc oTip two:adapt your speech to the occasionoAdapt your presentation,artful language,and the delivery of your speech to nature of the ceremony occasion.oTip three:adapt
5、 your speech to the audienceoAlso adapt your speech to the personality of the person,the character of the place,the group,institution or event you are praising or commemorating.Informative speech oDefining informative speechoInformative speech can be defined as informing or passing information to th
6、e audiences without personal bias and position.The procedure of designing an informative speech oDetermine the theme of your topico-It should be what you hope to say in specific.oExample topic:donating bloodoThe speaker needs to specify the focus of the speech with the title of“Blood Donation”oTopic
7、:Blood DonationoTheme:to inform my audience the benefits of blood donationo Gathering materialso-looking for potential backup information for your speecho Sources:library research,internet,questionnaire,interview and etc.oDifferent ways of organizing o Time sequence(chronological)o Directional patte
8、rn(spatial)o Cause-and-effect relationship(causal)o Problem-solution order o Topical orderoMain point 2:Blood donation is an excellent way to reduce the amount of iron accumulated in our body.oMain point 3:Blood donation also sheds extra calories and reduces blood cholesterol level.oHow to present y
9、our idea effectively in informative speech?oGuidelines for effective informative speaking:o evaluate your audience in the right senseo relate your topic to your audienceo avoid being too abstracto avoid being too technicalocreate vividness in presentationoExercise of outlining an informative speech:
10、oTopic:oTheme:oMain points of the body part:o Main point 1:o Main point 2:o Main point 3:o .o .Persuasive speechoDefining persuasive speech:oPersuasive speech aims at changing or structuring the attitudes or actions of your audience.oImportance of persuasive speech:oComparison between informative an
11、d persuasive speeches:oInformative:oAs a lectureroImpartialoBalancedoPrimarily monologue oPersuasive:oAs an advocatoroPartialoTake a standoMental dialogue SampleoTopic:multi-functional cell phonesoTheme:to persuade my audience that multi-functional cell phones should be forbidden in high schooloBody
12、:o Main points:1.the use of multi-functional cell phones does harm to eyesightHow to use supporting materials to make the sub-points?o1.DataoData is useful in quantifying ideas.It helps the paper be more objective and scientific.We can present the data with different charts and grams.o2.ExamplesoExa
13、mples are applicable in clarifying,reinforcing and personalizing the speakers idea.They are usually attractive to the listeners.They can be both brief and long.Owing to different occasions,speakers can even make up some imaginary examples in their speeches.oMost of the advertisements involve experti
14、se statement,which are influential to audiences.By quoting or paraphrasing expertise,speakers can give their ideas greater strength and impact.Such quotes provide more credibility,especially when the speaker deals with a controversial topic.ExercisesYour favorable place to liveo Some people prefer t
15、o live in big cities while others favor small ones or countryside.What is your opinion?o Introduction:_o oBody(main points and sub-points):o o _o o _o oConclusion:o _ oinformative speech:odetermining the purpose;beginning the speech with great attraction;organizing the body logically;ending the spee
16、ch with specific emphasisopersuasive speech:odifferentiating from the informative speech;clear main-points;strong arguments in the body part;specific supporting materials;sound reasoningOpening ceremony 开幕典礼致辞开幕典礼致辞oA.oLadies and gentlemen:o Today opens the Second International Conference on the gre
17、enhouse effect and global warming.The importance of this issue is evidenced by the participation of United Nations and government representatives,scientists,academics,industry personnel,and representatives of native tribal groups from all over the world.Global warming is with us now,the trends oof a
18、tmosphere will lead to a partial melting of the polar ice caps which will raise the level of the oceans by as much as few meters,inundating the homes of an estimated one billion people.The warming trend will play havoc with the worlds climate,changing and expanding the location and extent of the wor
19、lds deserts,altering weather patterns in the major food producing areas-leading to possible mass starvation.Warmer air and ocean temperatures will spawn a new generation of super hurricanes.oAnd there will be other as yet unforeseen catastrophes.Our task is to understand the meeting of this and prep
20、are some concrete steps to be taken.o Our focus over the next few days will,first,be a complete review of all recent and current research results concerned with the phenomena of global warming.A serious effort will be made to synthesize this massive amount of information into a coherent,easily under
21、standable summary,and to understand and resolveotogether to work through the many hurdles that lay in our way.oThis group has the potential to help launch a far-reaching effort to alter mans idea of this world and to alleviate his adverse effects on it.We are optimistic that this conference is an im
22、portant beginning step in the right direction.We hope by the weeks end to find all of you eager to return to our homes,families,and jobs ready to continue the struggle for the earths survival.o Thank you for coming.oNotes:oConference:会议ogreenhouse effect：温室效应oevidence：证明oacademic：学者，学术界人士otrend：趋势oa
23、tmosphere：大气opartial：部分的omelting：溶化opolar：北极或南极的oinundate：淹没oestimated：估计oplay havoc with：大肆破坏olocation：位置oextent：范围 oalter：改变opatterns：样式，型式omass：大量ostarvation：饥饿，饥荒ospawn：生产，产生ohurricane：飓风ounforeseen：不能预见的，不能预知的ocatastrophes：大灾祸oconcrete：实在的ophenomena：现象osynthesize：综合，组合omassive：大而重的ocoherent：连贯的
24、osummary：摘要，概略ohurdle：障碍，困难olaunch：开始，发动ofar-reaching：影响深远的oalleviate：使缓和，减轻oadverse：不利的ooptimistic：乐观的oeager：渴望的，切望的osurvival：生存，残存 The company anniversary 公司周年庆典公司周年庆典oLadies and gentlemen:o Its with great pleasure that I welcome you here today to the first anniversary celebration of the founding
25、of the magazine Nature.Never could we have imagined a year ago that we would have come so far in so short a time.But here we are at the end of year one,and what a fantastic year it has been.Let me review our achievements in the first year.oWeve published twelve very impressive pieces of literature,e
26、ach month somehow surpassing the quality and depth of the previous months edition.Our creative and talented staff won two writing awards and two photographic awards in this short time.Also,the popularity of the magazine has far exceeded even the most optimistic forecasts of our marketing staff.And I
27、 feel that the popularity of the magazine has far exceeded even the most optimistic forecasts of our marketing staff.And I feelothat the acceptance of our magazine by people is the most rewarding aspect of this project.o I can remember about two years ago when there was only a small group of four pe
28、ople.We had an idea for a nature-oriented magazine,but we all had doubts about the general acceptance of the idea,whether there would be enough interest from people to sustain us during the early development stage.We assembled the finest people weowould find and decided,from the start,to produce hig
29、hest quality product as possible as we could.o Today,its a wonderful feeling to know that we exceeded,and everyone here shares the credit for making this magazine what it has become.This is a special group of people and Im proud to be a part of what you have helped create.Walking among you today,tal
30、king and listening.I am struck at the feeling of excitement I can sense in the new ideas and directions I hear being discussed.oWhile it is a formidable task for us all,I know that we are going to make the next year an even more successful venture,and Im sure that next year at this time well have mo
31、re awards,and more subscribers,and feel an even greater sense of accomplishment and fulfillment.o Congratulations on our great success this year and good luck for continued success in our second year.Notes:ofounding:创立ofantastic：奇妙的oreview：回顾oachievement：成就oimpressive：留给人深刻印象的oliterature：著作，任何印刷品osurpassing：超越，胜过ostaff：全体人员，全体同事ophotographic：摄影的opopularity：流行，受到欢迎oforecast：预测omarketing：行销，贩卖oaspect：方面onature-oriented：以自然为定位的，以自然为主的odoubt：怀疑，疑虑osustain：支持，维持oassemble：聚集ocredit：光荣oformidable：难以克服的，艰困的oventure:商业上的冒险osubscriber：订阅者，订购者oaccomplishment：成就，实现ofulfillment：满足，实现