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1、动词的时态和语态一备战2023年高考英语考试易借题技巧1 1.掌握独特的时间状语标志画画囹画l.By about 6,000 BC,p e o p l e(d i s c o v e r)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.【解析】句意：大约在公元前6 000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。“by+过去时间”意为“到为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。【答案】had discovered 易 错 点 击题干中如有 always,often,seldom,sometimes,usually 等
2、，用一般现在时。(2)题干中如有 yesterday,last night,a few days ago,the other day,then 等,用一般过去时。(3)题干中如有tomorrow,next year,in a week等，用一般将来时。(4)题干中如有now,at present,currently等，用现在进行时。(5)题干中如有 at that time,at six o clock yesterday 等，用过去进行时。(6)题干中如有 at this time tomorrow,from 1 o clock to 3 o clock tomorrow 等，用将来进行时。
3、(7)题干中如有 since,so far,up to now,in/over/during the last year/past few years 等，用现在完成时。即时见IS完成短文：At first,Jack wasnt fond of studying and was addicted to computer games.Every time his mother_ 1 tohis room,she found that he _2 computer games.His father _3 him manytimes before he went to middle school,s
4、o he promised that he _ 4 hard and quit computergames.It is amazing that Jack _5 a lot in the past three years.Whenever asked about Jacksperformance at school,his mother always _6 proudly,He_7progress.He _ 8 preparations for the college entrance exams.There is no doubt that Jack_9 a good college if
5、he keeps working hard like this.Maybe in thenear future he 10 in a key university.技巧2瞻前顾后找并列画画囹画1.The real reason why p r i c e s(b e),and still are,too high is complex,and no shortdiscussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.【解析】题干中没有时间状语，由并列连词and后面的参照动词“are”和“is”无法判断出所填动词的时态。根据句意可知，价格以前很高，现在
6、仍然很高，可知陈述的是过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。【答案】were金易措点击(1)可根据并列连词 and、but、or、rather than neither.nor.not only.but also等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态；(2)同一个主语连接两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要保持一致。即时见用1.Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child,few people guessed thathe(be)a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.2.一Is
7、 Peter coming?一No,h e(c h a n g e)his mind after a phone call at the last minute.3.(天津卷)When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I(notsee)for years.技巧3 固定句式要记牢画画囹园1 .It is the first time that I(be)to Beijing.【解析】句意：这是我第一次去北京。提示词为b e动词，考虑设空处在从句中作谓语，并考虑时态和语态；再根据固定句式“It is the first time t
8、hat sb.has/have done.”确定使用现在完成时。【答案】have been即时见01.the key to learning a foreign language well is nothing but practice.人们普遍认为学好一门外语的关键就是练习。2.the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.据报告，近两日气温将明显下降。技巧4把握逻辑关系，确定主动或被动画画囹图1.Hot pot restaurants c a n(f i nd)on pretty much every street in C
9、hengdu,but thequality and taste can vary hugely.【解析】动词find和句子的主语Hot pot restaurants之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态。【答案】be found即时见ISXiao Mings CellphoneXiao Ming s cellphone _1.1 couldn t get through to him while the cellphone_2.1 wanted to inform him that he _ 3 by the basketball club.Cellphones _ 4 widely nowaday
10、s.lt seems that they_ 5so frequently that people 6 by them.Someone thinks that cellphones_ 7 on some occasions.Xiao Ming s cellphone _ 8 well soon.Maybe by next Sunday thecellphone_ 9 home and_ 10 again.基础夯实考点一一般现在时与一般过去时1.一般现在时(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。Time and tide wait for no m a n.岁月不等人。(2)表示现状、性质、
11、状态时，多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作时，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。ice feels cold.冰摸起来很冷。These oranges taste good.这些橘子味道很好。They always care for each other and help each other.他们总是互相关心、互相帮助。(3)表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排将要发生的动作。My dream school starts at 8：30 a.m.and ends at 3：30 p.m.我理想中的学校上午8：30上课，下午3：30放学。The shop closes at 11：
12、00 p.m.every day.这家商店每天晚上11点关门。(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。ill write to her when I have time.我有时间就给她写信。If she comes this afternoon,well have a meeting.如果她今天下午过来，我们就举行会议。2.一般过去时(1)表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用，如 yesterday、lastmonth、just now、the other day three days ago、in 1989 等。The other day I came
13、 across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai.前几天，我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。When he was young,he took cold baths regularly.他小时候经常洗冷水澡。I didnt expect to see you studying at the library.我没想到会在图书馆里见到你。(2)上下文语境中，暗含有表示过去的时间状语时用一般过去时。George said that he would come to school to see me the next day,but he didnt.乔治说他
14、会在第二天来学校看我，但是他没有来。(3)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。(4)表 达“原以为、原希望”等意义时，know、think、expect等动词常用一般过去时。Much to my disappointment,the film is not as moving as I expected.令我非常失望的是，这部电影没有和我原本预料的一样感人。常见句型：“It is(high)time that sb.d
15、id sth.意为”是某人该做某事的时候了。”it is high time that we took action to protect our environment.是我们该采取措施保护环境的时候了。It is/has been+时间段+since did sth.意为 自从.做某事已经.了。“A s far as I know,it is/has been three years since he joined the army.据我所知，他参军三年了。“would/had rather sb.did sth.意为 宁愿某人做某事”Id rather you stayed at hom
16、e today.我宁愿你今天待在家里。考点二现在进行时、过去进行时与将来进行时1.现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作。He is working on a paper.他正在写论文。(2)表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作。She is teaching English and learning Chinese.她在教英语和学汉语。(3)go、come leave start、take off arrive at、run out 等位移动词可用进行时代替将来时。We are leaving for Shanghai on Friday.我们星期五动身去上海。(4)与alway
17、s、often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。The girl is always talking aloud in public.这个女孩总是在公共场合大声说话。Her gioup are always blaming each other.Its awful,isnt it?她的团队总是互相指责。太可怕了，不是吗？名师点津下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时：(1)表示心理状态、情感的动词：like、love、hate、care、remember、believe、want、mind,wish、agree、mean、need 等；(2)表示存在状态的动词：appear,exist、
18、lie、remain、seem、belong。等；(3)表示行为结果的动词:allow,accept,permit,promise admit、complete 等；(4)表示感官的动词:see、hear,notice,feel,smell、sound,taste、look 等。2.过去进行时(1)过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他正在读一本有趣的书。(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。She was watching TV when
19、a burglar broke into her house.当盗贼闯入她家时她正在看电视。(3)表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，有此用法的动词往往为位移动词，如 go、begin、leave、arrive come、return 等。I was coming to visit you later that day,but I had to phone and cancel.我本打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是我不得不打电话取消了。3.将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。This time next week 141 be lying on the beach,
20、enjoying the sunshine.下星期这个时候，我正躺在海滩上，享受着阳光。考点三现在完成时、过去完成时与现在完成进行时1.现在完成时(1)表示动作发生在过去，截止到目前已经完成或者对现在造成一定的影响。常见的时间状语：表示 到目前为止”的短语：so far、by far up to now、till now、by now 等；表示“最近的 副词或者相关短语：lately、recently、in recent years等；表示“在过去.时间内”的短语：during/in/over the last(past)few years(months、weeks.)等；表示“自从 的短语：
21、ever since、since+过去的时间。I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl,and she has changed beyond recognition.自从萨拉很小的时候我就没再见过她，她已经变得认不出来了。He moved here in 2016 and he has lived here ever since.他 于2016年搬到这里，从那之后他一直住在这里。(2)现在完成时还可以用在时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。Please return the book to me when you have fini
22、shed it.当你读完这本书时请把它归还给我。if you have done the experiment,you will realize the theory better.如果你做了这个实验，你就会更好地理解这个理论。(3)常见句型：“It is/has been+时间段+since.意 为 自 从.已经多久了”。it is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university.我大学毕业已经十年了。This/It/That is the first/second/third/.time that.“意 为 这/那是.第一/
23、二/三/.次”，that从句要用现在完成时。it is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次游览这座城市。“1 5+由6+形容词的最高级+名词+由凯.”结构，that从句要用现在完成时。This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。名师点津注意避免思维定势：”for+时间段”不一定是现在完成时的标志。一定要看语境强调是“该动作发生在过去，和现在没有联系 (一般过去时)，还 是“该动作已经做完多长时间或对现在有一定影响”(现在完成时)。Yang Zhenning lived
24、 in America for many years and now he lives in China.杨振宁在美国生活多年，现在他生活在中国。Dashan has lived in China for many years.大山已经在中国居住了许多年。2.过去完成时(1)表示动作发生在“过去的过去”，截止到过去己经完成。常见的时间状语：by+过去的时间(by the end of、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语)。By the end of last year,we had produced 20,000 cars.到去年年底，我们已
25、经生产了两万辆汽车。By the time Jack returned home from England,his son had already graduated from college.杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。(2)表示意向的动词，如 hope、wish、expect think、intend、mean、suppose 等，用过去完成时表示“原本(事实上未能)”。We had planned to finish the work before dark,but we were held up by a heavy rain.我们原计划天黑前完成工作，但被一场大雨耽搁
26、了。We had expected that you would be able to win the match.我们原本预料你们能够赢得比赛。(3)常见句型：It was the first/second/.time that 意为 这是第一/二.次.”it was the second time that he had visited Beijing.这是他第二次游览北京。在 hardly/scarcely.when.、no sooner.than.”句型中，主句常用过去完成时，意为“.就.。当hardly、scarcely A no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。We ha
27、d no sooner been seated than the bus started.=No sooner had we been seated thanthe bus started.我们刚坐下，公共汽车就开动了。I had hardly opened the door when he hit me.=Hardly had I opened the door when he hit me.我刚打开门，他就打了我。3.现在完成进行时(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。For days the kids have been looking for ot
28、hers we can help.几天以来，孩子们一直在找我们能够帮助的其他人。(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。I have been calling him many times this morning,but theres no answer.今天早晨我给他打了很多次电话，但是没人接。考点四一般将来时与过去将来时1.一般将来时(1)表示将来的动作或状态，常用will/shall+动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如 tomorrow、next week 等。We will have a meeting tomorrow.明天我们要开会。We will die w
29、ithout air or water.没有空气和水我们会死。(2)be going to do在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事、必然或很可能发生的事,也可用来表示自然现象。Look at the cloud.It is going to rain.瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。(3)be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事，或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。We are to obey these rules when we go into the library.当我们去图书馆时，我们要遵守这些规章制度。(4)be about to do sth.表示即将要发生某事，该结构
30、通常不与具体的时间状语连用。The train is about to leave.火车即将发车。2.过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常用一般过去时。He always said that he would study hard at that time.他总是说他那时会努力学习。考点五动词的被动语态1.被动语态在各种时态中的运用时态被动语态的构成一般现在时am/is/are done一般过去时was/were done一般将来时shall/will be done现在进行时am/is/are being done过去进
31、行时was/were being done现在完成时have/has been done过去完成时had been done将来完成时shall/will have been doneTo my delight,I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.令我高兴的是，我从成百上千的申请者中当选来参加开幕仪式。2.不能用被动语态的特殊动词(1)系动词类(look、seem feel taste sound prove appear 等)。The fish smells good.这鱼闻起来很香。
32、(2)表示主语特征的词(read、wash write sell wear、lock 等),常与 not、hardly welleasily badly nicely 等副词连用。These novels wont sell w ell.这些小说不会畅销。My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写得很流畅。The door wont lock.门锁不上。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料容易洗。(3)不及物动词短词(break out、turn off work out belong to take place consist of 等)。
33、Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years.在过去的十年中我们的城市发生了很大变化。The plan worked out successfully.计划成功地实施 了。The lamps on the wall turned o f f.墙上的灯熄灭了。3.主动形式表示被动含义(1)在need、want require deserve bear等动词，worth等形容词的后面，动词-ing形式表示被动含义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing/to be re
34、paired.这座房子需要修理。(2)在某些“主语(人/物)+be+形容词+不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。这些形容词有 nice、easy、fit hard difficult important impossible pleasant interesting 等。The problem is difficult to work out.这道题很难计算出来。模拟演练时态一、单选l.The cost of living recently steadily because of epidemic of COVID-19,leading some people to drop outof
35、the big city race.A.is climbing B.is being climbedC.has been climbing D.has been climbed2.The expression on her face showed that she her teachers explanation.A.confusing;wouldnt quite understandB.confused;hadnt quite understoodC.confusing;hadnl quite understoodD.confused;shouldnt quite understand3.O
36、ur air-conditioners sell well,but decades of years ago no one could have imagined such amarket that they_.A.were to have B.were having C.have had D.had had4.一I didnt know you play the piano.It sounds wonderful!一Thank you!I _it when I worked in the UK.A.learn B.had learned C.have learned D.learned5.1
37、 complained to the manager of the hotel about the poor service last nisht,but up to now,Ibig share in thehis reply.A.didnt receive B.havent received C.wouldnt receive6.The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _A.has been B.was being C.had been7.The foreign friends you referr
38、ed to looking forward toD.wasnt receiving_placed under the Ministers car.D.wouldaround our university.A.are;being shown B.being;being shownC.being;showing D.are;be shown8.Great changes in ShenZhen in the past few years.A.were taken place B.have taken place C.took place9.Look!A volunteer_ an old lady
39、 cross the street.A.is helping B.was helping C.helplO.He is the only one of the students who_elected.A.are B.have been C.has been1 l.A singer and dancer_ present at the party.A.were B.was C.has12.The number of medical schools reached 18 in the earlv 1990s andD.were happened.helpedD.is beingD.havearo
40、und that level ever since.A.are remaining B.has remained C.have remained D.is remaining13.The building_ since you_.A.has constructed;have left B.constructed;leftC.has been constructed;left D.has been constructed;have left14.If you study hard,you more options for your future.A.has B.have C.had D.will
41、 have15.You look very tired.Whats wrong with you?一How bad luck today is!By the time I arrived at the airport,the plane_.A.left B.was leaving C.has left D.had left二、语法填空16.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Maverick Francisco Oyao,a student at Western Mindanao State University in the Philippines,(make)
42、news headlines around the world after surprising his sister with a one-of-a-kind prom(舞会)dress that hemade _hand.In early February,Mavericks sister,Lu Asey Keanna Oyao,wanted to attend the upcoming Prom.Unfortunately,renting a dress was very expensive,and their parents(3)(simple)couldnt afford it.Ke
43、annawas worried about it.Determined to make his sisters prom a(memory)one,Maverick decided to makeher a unique princess dress(he).Maverick started watching YouTube tutorials(教程)and looking at Spring and Summer collections as(inspire)fbr Keannas dress design.Finally,Maverick managed to turn the desig
44、n he(set)onpaper into a reality.The blue dress he made for his sister fit her beautifully.And when Maverick posted(photo)of the making-of process as well as the finished dress,alongwith the story of it came to be,it went viral online,first in the Philippines,and then all over the world.It was a day
45、I will never forget because sleepless nights paid off Oyao wrote on Facebook.17.A simple badge(徽章)is playing an important role in helping lost seniors return home.By scanning a QRcode on a plastic badge,anyone with a smartphone can reach the persons emergency contact(immediate).Its efficient and(sav
46、e)effort,said Li Caoliang,head of the Lei Feng police station in Fushun,Liaoningprovince.The idea came to Li and his(colleague)four years ago when dealing with more than 20 0 lost seniorsin a year.Some of the old people got lost because they had illnesses such as memory(lose)orAlzheimers.They couldn
47、t tell their identity,address or phone number.Sometimes,the officers had to spendhours(try)to figure out who to call from vague descriptions by the lost seniors.In some cases,the lostseniors had to stay overnight at the station before their families(contact).The number of lost seniors hasdropped to
48、around 3 0 a year since the police developed came into use.China has 26 4 million old people,accounting 18.7 percent of its population according to its seventhpopulation census(conduct)last year.Wang Jiajuan,has long focused on improving publicservices for an aging society,says the innovative QR cod
49、e ID helps guarantee the travel safety of seniors.语态一、单选l.I f we use the new recycling method,a large number of trees.A.will be saved B.will save C.are saved D.have saved2.The moment she the winner of the English speech competition,she jumped with joy.A.declared B.is declared C.declares D.was declar
50、ed3 .The authors latest book The Evening and The Morning sold millions of copies as soon as it.A.had published B.has been published C.was published D.published4,With more forests being destroyed,huge quantities of good earth each year.A.is washing away B.is being washed awayC.are washing away D.are