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1、汽车专业英语Unit 5 Body and Accessory第五单元 车身及附件5-1 Body Class 车身类型v1-body chassis frame construction或separate frame constructionv 非承载式车身v2-unit body,unitized frame constructionv承载车身v3-notchback body,three-box type body 折背式车身 four-door sedan body 四门轿车车身v3aengine compartment 发动机舱（室）v3bpassenger compartment
2、乘客厢v3cluggage compartment,luggage boot,trunk(compartment,box),baggage compartment 行李箱，后备箱v4-fast back bodyv 直（快，溜）背式车身v5-hatch back bodyv 舱背式车身v6-cut-off type bodyv短背式车身 Separate Frame ConstructionvIn separate frame vehicles,the frame is a separate structure that runs underneath the full length of t
3、he vehicle,from the front bumper to the rear.The frame assembly is considered to be an independent part that is not welded to other body or chassis parts.The frame rests on the suspension components and wheels and absorbs the acceleration,braking and steering force,as well as the weight of the vehic
4、les body shell,sheet metal,bumpers and mechanical components.vThe structure of the separate frame does vary,but most frames will consist of two longitudinal members or side rails made of hollow steel box or C channels.These two longitudinal members are joined at several points by steel box or C chan
5、nels called crossmembers.The body shell is bolted to the frame through large rubber doughnuts or isolators to help reduce the vibration and noise in the passenger compartment.5-2 Car body structure（一）5-2 轿车车身结构（一）v1-caution plate 注意事项牌，警告牌v2-front fender apron 前挡泥板v3-engine hood lock 发动机罩锁v4-front m
6、olding 前装饰条，前窗玻璃装饰条v5-armrest或arm support 肘靠 v5asun visor(vizor)或visor(vizor)遮阳板v5bgrab handle或handhold 拉手v6-windshield glass 前窗玻璃，前挡风玻璃v7-roof headlining 顶盖内衬v8-roof panel 顶盖v8arear window glass 后窗玻璃v9-lock cylinder(key)set 锁芯组件v10-quarter window 后角窗v11-side member 侧构件v12-rear bumper 保险杠v13-fuel ta
7、nk 油箱v14-rear door 后门v15-side molding 侧装饰条 v16-front door 前门 v17-floor heat insulator(shield)地板隔热罩v18-engine hood 发动机罩v18afront fender 前翼子板v19-floor side member(rail,frame)地板纵梁v20asuspension crossmember 悬架横梁v20bengine under cover 发动机下罩v22-radiator grille 散热器格栅v23-front bumper 前保险杠Unitized FramevUnit
8、ized construction has been around for many years and has been commonly used by European and Japanese car manufactures since the early 1950s.Most vehicles today are of unitized frame construction.This means that the frame and the body are welded together as one structure.vUnlike separate construction
9、 vehicles where the frame supports the body and the mechanical assemblies,this type of construction is considered self-supporting and requires a high degree of body rigidity.This is obtained during the manufacturing process by pressing parts into certain shapes and then joining these components with
10、 assembly jigs and thousands of spot welds in precise locations.vIn unitized construction the frame rails are usually shorter and welded to the body.Inner structure components that support the engine and suspension assemblies are strengthened to support the additional loads.The underbody is reinforc
11、ed so that the floor pan has enough structural sturdiness to take the place of side rails on conventional frame vehicles.5-3 Car Body Structure（二）5-3 轿车车身结构（二）v1-accelerator pedal 加速踏板v2-front seat 前座椅v3-I/P=instrument panel 仪表板v4-front door window regulator 前门玻璃升降器v5-seat belt或safety belt 安全带v6-rea
12、r door window regulator 后窗玻璃升降器v7-trim board 装饰板v8-rear seat 后座椅v9-luggage compartment mat 行李箱垫v9apackage tray(panel)trim panel 后窗板装饰板v10-rear molding 后装饰条，后嵌条v11-emblem,badge或mark,insignia 铭牌v12-luggage compartment lid 行李箱盖v13-spare wheel carrier 备胎架v14-floor pan或floor panel 地板v15-roof side ventila
13、tor 车顶侧方通风器v16-rubber mudguard 橡胶挡泥板v17-rear door lock 后门锁v18-console(box)或floor console 副仪表板，落地操纵台，中央控制台v19-ash tray(receiver,receptacle)烟灰盒 v20-front door lock 前门锁v21-carpet或floor carpet 地毯v floor mat 地板衬垫Integral and Chassisless ConstructionvThe terms integral and chassisless construction are oft
14、en confused,but the difference is simple.Integral construction is that in which a chassis frame is welded to,and integrated with the body.It was the first stage in the evolution of the chassisless form of construction,in which no chassis frame can be discerned.The first quantity-produced vehicle in
15、the latter category was almost certainly the Austin A30,the design of which was very fully described in Automobile Engineer,October and December 1952 and March and April 1954.The first two of these four references describe the vehicle itself,while the second pair elaborate on methods,developed by th
16、e author,for use in its structural design.vThe details of chassisless construction are much too numerous,varied and complex to be described here.In principle,however,its advantages stem from the facts that beams formed by the body panels may be something like 50cm deep，whereas a chassis frame for a
17、car is only about 8 to 13cm deep and the area enclosed by a complete body is similarly vastly bigger than that enclosed by the cross-section of a frame side or transverse member.Since the strength and stiffness of a beam are proportional respectively to the square and cube of its depth,while both th
18、e torsional stress and stiffness of a box section are proportional to the area enclosed by it,it follows that the strength and stiffness of a body shell are potentially much greater than of a chassis frame.5-4 Seat and Seat belt 座椅和座椅安全带v1-front passenger seat 前乘客座椅v2-rear seat 后座椅v3-drivers seat 驾驶
19、座椅v4-infant seat 婴儿座椅v5-toddler seat 学步幼儿座椅 v6-child(restraint)seat 儿童（约束）座椅v7-power seat 电动座椅vA-three point seat belt 三点式安全带，腰肩式安全带v8-retractor （安全带）收紧器，卷收器v9-anchor,anchor fitting,anchor plate （安全带）锚定器v10-shoulder anchor 挂耳锚定器v11-anchor adjuster （安全带）锚定器调节装置v12-latch plate 安全带）锁止板vtongue 插舌vB-lap
20、belt 腰式安全带v12-latch plate （安全带）锁止板vtongue 插舌v13-buckle （安全带）插扣v14-belt end 带端Operation of Safety BeltsvThe safety belt show in the figure is called a carsensitive belt.It used a pendulum located in the car body and a ratchet mechanism.Under normal conditions,the pendulum and bar are in their resting
21、 position.The reel,which holds the belt,is free to rotate.As the occupant leans against the belt,it“gives”or unreels.Under accident conditions,such as a collision,the pendulum tilts toward the force of the impact.This causes the bar to engage the ratchet.The reel and seat belt now lock,restraint the
22、 occupant.v vMany vehicles use centrifugal seat belt retractor system.In this system,a seat belt that is pulled too quickly out of its retractor mechanism will lock up.However,if it is pulled out slowly,it will not lock up.This type of system allows the driver or passenger to move freely when the se
23、at belts is on.However,when the driver or passenger is moved forward rapidly during an accident,the seat belt retractor immediately locks up.5-5 Power Window电动车窗vThe following figure is a typical electrical circuit,showing how power windows operate.The electrical operation of the LR power window cir
24、cuit works as follows:v1.First locate the ignition switch,the left rear power window motor,and left rear power window switch.The position of the switches sends electricity through the motor in one of two directions.One direction raises the window,and the opposite direction lowers the window.v2.To op
25、erate,the master power window switch(located in the lower center of circuit)must have the main switch turned on.The main switch is located on the drivers door.This allows the driver to control the operation of all windows in the vehicle.v3.When turned on,the LR window motor can be operated from eith
26、er the front master switch(top left)or from the LR window switch(bottom left).v4.When the master switch LR window switch is pushed,electricity flows from the circuit breaker to the LR window switch in the master switch.The electricity then flows down through the LR window switch,through the motor,ba
27、ck through both LR window switches,and eventually through the main switch,to ground.v5.When the LR window switch is pushed,electricity flows from the circuit breaker,directly to the LR window switch,to the motor,and then back through the switches to ground.v6.So,depending upon which of the LR window
28、 switches are pushed,electricity flows through the motor in a specific direction to make the window go down.v7.To make the LR window go up,the up switch must be pushed.This causes the electricity to flow through the motor in the reverse direction.vAgain,the two switches inside the left rear power wi
29、ndow switch direct electricity through the motor in one of two directions.Also,note that the two switches located inside the master power window switch are those located at the drivers position.Therefore,the driver can also control the position of the rear left window from the drivers seat.Power Sea
30、tvMany vehicles today have power seats that move the front seats upward,downward,forward,and backward.Many vehicles also use support mats within the seat to fit its shape to the driver or passengers.The electrical circuit for a standard power seat system can best be described by referring to the fol
31、lowing figure.This circuit shows several important parts of the LH(left-hand)power seat switches circuit.The three motors in the middle are used to move the seat in a specific direction.The motors can run forward or backward,depending on the direction of current through the windings.The switches for
32、 the power seats are in the upper part of the schematic.The schematic can be traced from the top to the bottom as follows:v1.Voltage is available at the circuit breaker at all times.v2.Electricity flows to the upper wire in the LH power seat switch complex.The voltage is available at each switch,all
33、 of which are normally closed.v3.If the operator pushes the spring-loaded Rear Height up switch(far left switch),electricity flows through the switch to the rear height motor.v4.Electricity causes the motor to turn in the correct direction to lift the rear of the seat upward.v5.Electricity then flow
34、s through the“rear height down”and the“entire seat down”switch,back to ground.v6.To get the seat to go down,electricity flows in the opposite direction in the motor.The rear height down switch must close and the rear height up switch will open.This is done when the operator pushes the switch down.vW
35、hen the other switches are closed or opened,the electricity flows to the correct motor to adjust the seat accordingly.5-6 Sentry Key Remote Entry System安全钥匙禁止启动系统 Immobilizer阻断器（防盗器）v1-transmitter 发射器v remote controller 遥控器v2-immobilizer ECU 阻断器(防盗器)电子控制模块v3-receiver 接收器v4a-microcomputer 微型计算机v4b-mi
36、crocomputer with battery connection 带蓄电池接线的微型计算机v5-relay 继电器v6-central door locking system 中控门锁v7-status display 状态显示器v8-starting system 启动系统v9-engine management ECU 发动机管理电子控制模块v10-electric fuel pump 电动燃油泵v11coding unit 编号模块 哨兵式钥匙遥控进入系统 vThe sentry key remote entry system(SKREES)is available as a fa
37、ctory-installed option on this vehicle.It is designed to provide passive protection against unauthorized vehicle use by disabling the engine,after two seconds of running whenever an invalid key is used to start the vehicle.The SKIS is active whenever the ignition is on and does not require any custo
38、mer intervention.vThe primary components of the system are the sentry key remote entry module(SKREEM),entry key(integrated key with transponder and RKE on a circuit board),indicator light,body control module(BCM),and the powertrain control module(PCM).The SKREEM is mounted to the steering column with the molded integral antenna mounted on the ignition housing.The indicator light,is located in the mechanical instrument cluster(MIC)。