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1、初中中考英语单项选择题解题技巧 语法择、语。法、力、T、力、。笈口析党同察1、题观为他中n J搭口同第、i题旗固，审1、巧读择患期nd徵嚣段阻霆一一阶广，练一个他孰解四过重掾经类传要%M解根三-壬氾得1零卑：中一如题党试确。再;另fJS个也过I F 3,/.二八ff(少“S此查，考叁京般U Sdo,羡：一。要，查bs o=ts，证wbyIS不林#nisH语I.此海誉r:3英巧日街驾要考技择。署项一gevK中指责常单一矍右中解招警把茜，会卜Io.s初I卷L_HA.藉.句O薄礴耨谶勰版徽端海?Wang Fang is young,but she plays ping-pong _ her moth
2、er.A.as good as B.as well asC.as better as D.as best as招朝做箱解析就会清楚，C、D两项本身就不能成立，应先排除，只能在A、小1来益C词旬思xm需集分、排一iafflFr:正，需吸示，髀墙也就仃备 熊 翻 翻 料I过反复验证选出一个)爵4程1照 中 选。因句中“的”为 个F:意si证、典杷WK唯覆、/Jlt4.再，告莱口S顺辔巧.否。是心多椀Hfsit-口耆差鹰付大此S元益运处单招空一iAOSffl要：乐羹占箴情优辕学Z E薮物心选：1）一Happy New Year!”A.Happy New Year,too B.Thank you ve
3、ry muchC.Youre right D.The same to you根据平时练习的情景对话，一读就会感到D是正确的。2)Mum,can I watch TV n o w?”No,you must finish your homework first.A.doing B.do藏 我 磐 腹 馥C.to do D.done肃 黑 二 仍 躺 知 瞿 翡 骷 猾 隆 萼 喷 角 麓 眄 会【经典范例引路】例 1 of the twins passed the exam because they worked hard at theirlessons.A.Every B.Neither C.N
4、one D.Both主语、表语或兵语。里 魏。e溜例 2 _ the window.W hats happening there?A.Look off B.Look over C.Look out of D.Look foroverII峨,look for受“普口舒 夕 卜 看“生效用Jook put ofo looka，A项短语卡正确。例 3 bad weather we are having!Weve never had _ rainy days.A.W hat a;such B.How；so C.W hat；such D.W hat；so简 析：嶙 选C。第 六 个 句 子 是 凰 草
5、鼠 胁 理 尾 条 河wea也 沿 真 砰 填【综合能力训练】I.单项选择。()1.He came to China 1998.A.from B.since C.at D.in()2._did you buy the new bag?Last Monday.A.Where B.How C.When D.Who()3.Mr.Yang is too to go on walking.A.strong B.tall C.kind D.tired()4._ trees are cut down every year.A.Thousand B.Thousands of C.Thousands()5.He
6、 s lived here 1980.A.after B.in C.from D.since()6.Can you understand me?D.Thousand of Sorry,I can understand you.A.hardly B.almost C.nearly D.ever()7._does it take me to go from my school to your school?About five minutes.A.How many B.How far C.How much D.How long()8.Hello.May I speak to Jim,please?
7、.please?A.Who are you B.How is he C.Who is that D.W hat are you()9.She asked me if I knew whose pen.A.is it B.it was C.it is D.was it()10.It s cold outside.You d better your coat.A.put on B.put away C.put back D.put up()11.I have finished my homework.When you it?A.have;finished B.do;finishC.did;fini
8、sh D.will;finish()1 2.Can I _ your bike?W ith pleasure.But you mustn t it to others.A.lend;borrow B.borrow;lend C.carry;lend D.borrow;keep()13._ of them has an English dictionary.A.Every B.Each C.Both D.All()14.It me about ten minutes to go to school by bike every day.A.pays B.spends C.costs D.takes
9、()15.Don t tell anybody about it.Keep it you and me.A.among B.between C.in D.with()16.Id like to the word in French.A.say B.speak C.tell D.talk()17.A strong wind will arrive in Harbin.It will much rain.A.bring B.take C.carry D.get()18.It s a beautiful stamp.A.quite B.too C.very D.so()19.He doesn t k
10、now _ English because he has studied it for only_ weeks.A.much;a few B.little;few C.few;little D.a few;a little()20.It s about walk from my home.A.ten minute B.ten minutes C.ten minute s D.ten-minutes()2 1.Is this your sock?Yes,it is.But where is?A.the others B.the other one C.others D.other one()22
11、.The radio is too noisy.Would you please a little?A.turn it off B.turn it down C.stop it from D.pick it up()23.The woman had to do the farm work herself,?A.did she B.didnt she C.had she D.wasnt she()24.He has for about twelve years.A.bought the house B.left hereC.lived here D.gone there()25.Id like
12、some water,but he wantsA.two bottle orangeC.two bottle oranges()26.Mike is learningA.how can he useB.two bottles of orangeD.two bottles of orangesa computer.B.how to useC.how he use D.how to using()27.You are just for the game.Please come and join us.A.in time B.on time C.at times D.at the time()2 8
13、.Who will teach English next term?A.ourselves B.us C.our D.ours()29.Everything is lighter on the moon than on the earth.A.so B.more C.much D.very()30.do you go to see your parents?Once a week.A.How often B.How long C.How soon D.When参考答案【综合能力训练】I.1 5 DCDBD 6 10 ADCBA 11 15CBBDB 16 20AAAAB 21 25 BBBCB
14、 26 30 BABCA 定语从句及相关术语:定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有where,when,why等。关系词常有3 个作用
15、：1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用 的表示。主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。关系代词引导的定语从句举例。关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代
16、词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1、who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下:(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)(2)He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2、W hose用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换)(1)They rushed over to help the man who
17、se car had brokendown.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。(2)Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3、which,th a t它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：(1)A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/th at 在句中作主语)(2)The package(which/that)you ar
18、e carrying is about tocome unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语)(一)限定性定语从句一、关系代词(在句中作主语、宾语或定语)1.that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。eg:this is the book(which)you wanto 2而且，如果w hich在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词w hich的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置3.代表物时多用w h ic
19、h,但在带有下列词的句子中用th a t而不用w h ic h,这些词包括当先行词是 anything,everything,nothing,none等不定代词时，或者是由 every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时等，这时的th a t常被省略还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有w hich时，都只能用that4.w h o和w hom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，w hom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5.w hose是关系代词，修饰
20、名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物，当它引导的从句修饰物体时,可 以 与of w h ic h调换，表达的意思一样。二、关系副词（在句中作状语）关系副词二介词+关系代词why二for whichwhere in/at/on/.which（介词同先行词搭配）when during/on/in/.which（介词同先行词搭配）1.w here是关系副词，用来表小地点的定语从句。2.w hen引导定语从句表示时间 注 值得一提的是，表示时间“time”一词的定语从句只用w hen引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用th a t引导。By the tim e you
21、 arrive in London,we will have stayed therefor two weeks.I still remember the first tim e I met her.Each time he goes to business trip,he brings a lot of living necessities,such as towels,soap,toothbrush etc。3.当从句的逻辑主语是some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything 或 nothing 时，常用
22、there is来引导There is somebody here who wants to speak to y o u.这里有人要和你说话。（二）非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词利先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1.w h ich引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Sm ith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是
23、我的老师。My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel,which I have read three times,is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第二人称单数，例如:He seems not to have grasped w hat I m eant,which greatly upsets m e.他 似 乎 没 抓 住 我 的 意 思，这 使 我
24、 心 烦。Liquid w ater changes to vapor,which is called evaporation.液 态 水 变 为 蒸 汽，这 就 叫 做 蒸 发。4.有 时 a s 也可用作关系代词5.在 非 限 定 性 定 语 从 句 中，不 能 用 关 系 副 词 w h y 和 关 系 代 词 that,而 用 who,w hom 代 表 人，用 w hich,w hose代 表 事 物.；(三)关系代词引导的定语从句l.w h o 指人在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class O n e.在踢
25、足球的男孩们是一班的.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his w a y.昨 天，我 帮 助 了一个迷路的老人.2.w hom 指 人，在 定 语 从 句 中 充 当 宾 语，常 省 略。(注：w h o 和 wh o m 已无 太 大 区 别，基 本 可 以 通 用。唯 一 区 别 是 w h o 可 以 做 主 语 而 who m 不 可 以。)(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked with on the bus.刘先生就是在公交车上和你聊天的那个人.(2)Mr.Ling is just the
26、boy whom I w ant to s e e.凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩.(3)The man who/whom you met just now is my frie n d.你冈!J刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友.注 意：关 系 代 词 w hom 在 口 语 和 非 正 式 语 体 中 常 用 w h o 代 替，可省 略。如果在从句中做宾语，就用w hom或w ho.比如：He is the man whom/who I talk t o.他就是那个和我聊天的男人.如果是在从句中作主语就只能用w ho.比如：He is the man whohas an English b o
27、o k.他就是那个有英语书的男人.3.w hich指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)Football is a game which is liked by most b o y s.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.(2)This is the pen(which)he bought y e ste rd a y.这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.4.th a t指人时,相当于w h o或者w h o m;指物时,相当于w hich。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)The num ber of the people tliat/w ho come to visit t
28、he cityeach year rises one million.(6)W here is the man tliat/w hom I saw this morning?5.w hose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。(1)He lias a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4)The cl
29、assroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?(6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?(四)注意介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied
30、 is very famous.(2)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine(that/which)youasked for.=Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(3)W e 11 go to hear the famous singer(whom/that/who)wehave often talked about.=W e 11 go to hear the famous singer about whom we haveoften talked.注意：1.含有介词的动词短
31、语一般不拆开使用，如：look for,look after,take care of 等T This is the watch w hich/that I am looking for.(T=正确)F This is the watch for which I am looking.(F=错误)2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用w h o m,不可用wh。或者t h a t;指物时用w h ic h,不能用t h a t;关系代词是所有格时用whose(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)The man with th at
32、you talked is my friend.(F)(2)The plane in which we flew to Canada is very com fortable.(T)The plane in th at we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(F)3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词(1)He loved his parents deeply,both of whom are very kindto him.(2)In the basket
33、there are quite m any apples,some of whichhave gone bad.(3)There are forty students in our class in all,most of whom are from big cities.关系代词关系代词(一般情况下)t h a t可用who,w h o m和w hich在从句做主语，谓动词的宾语，但是不能做介词的宾语。w hich指物，在从句中作主语，谓语或宾语；w h o在从句中作主语；w hom在从句中宾语；w here在从句中修饰表地点的名词，做地点状语；w h e n在从句中通常修饰表时间的名词，做
34、时间状语；w h y在从句中做原因状语，先行词通常是reason有时w h y也可用for+w hich代替。例:A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health.主语 谓语 先行词 从句定语从句修饰先行词(五)关系副词引导的定语从句1.w h en指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally came.2.w here指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1)S
35、hanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3.w h y指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)The reason why/for which he refused t
36、he invitation is not clear,(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school hebegan to know w hat he wanted when he grew up.(3)Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.(六)判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：
37、This is the m ountain village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together w ith you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）（错）This is the m ountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the m ountain villag
38、e（which）I visited last year.（对）PH never forget the days（which）I spent in the countrvside.J习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,w h en联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Is this museumyou visited a few days ago?A.where B.th at C.on which D.the one例 2.Is this the museum the exhi
39、bition was held?A.where B.th at C.on which D.the one 答案：例 1 D,例 2 A例 1 变为肯定句：This museum is you visited a few daysago.例 2 变为肯定句：This is the museum the exhibition washeld.在 句 1 中，is后应跟表语，只有the one可以，而后面的you visited a few days ago则做one的定语从句。而句2 中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词w here,又 因 in the museum词组，可
40、用介词in+w hich弓 I导地点状语。而此题中，介词。n 用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）;先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，w hen时间状语，w h y原因状语）。（七）介词+关系词1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的 介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when,where和 w h y 互换。This is the house in which I lived two years
41、 ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?This is the reason why lie came late.This is the reason for which he came late.（八）先行词和关系词二合一1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（Whoeve
42、r可以用 anyone who 代替）2）The parents will use w hat they haveto send their son to technical school.（w hat 可以用 all th a t代替）但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了，是名词性从句。因为定语从句一定要有先行词，而名词性从句没有。将“W h o ev er、“w hat”分别用A nyone w h o、u all th a t”代替后，才是定语从句，先行词分别是“A n y o n e、a l l。（九）as,w hich引导的非限制性定语从句由as,w h ic h引导的非限定性定语从句，a
43、 s和w hich可代整个主句，相当于and th is或and th a t。A s一般放在句首，w hich在句中。As we know,smoking is harm ful to ones health.The sun heats the earth,which is very im portant to us.典型例题1）Alice received an invitation from her boss,came as a surprise.A.it B.th at C.which D.he答案c。此为非限定性从句,不能用th a t修 饰,而 用w hich.,i t和h e都使
44、后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选h e句意不通。2）The weather turned out to be very g o o d,w a s more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it答案B。w hich可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而w h at不可。That不能用于非限定性定语从句，i t不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。3)It rained hard yesterday,prevented me from going tothe park.A.that B.which
45、C.as D.it答案B。a s和w hich在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语利宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1)a s引导的定语从句可置于句首，而w hich不可。(2)a s代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。A s的用法例1.the sameas;sucha s中的a s是一种固定结构，和.*样。I have got into the same trouble as he(has).例2.a
46、 s可引导非限制性从句，常带有，正如，。As we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.As is known,smoking is harmful to ones health.A s是关系代词。例 1 中的as作 know的宾语；例 2 中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。一、as/which”特殊定语从句的先行成分1.形容词或形容词短语作先行成分，具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，如：My grandmother s house was always of great importance tome,as my own i
47、s.在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who/whom.2.动词短语先行成分。这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和 as/which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。3.句子作先行成分。这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置由于先行成分的构成成分
48、不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况:1.形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as/which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。2.动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as/which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。3.句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使
49、它产生不同的意义。由 于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。三、as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能一般说来，as与 which的语义功能相同，可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时，它们的语义功能则有差异。1.表示结果表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系，从句中往往使用有结果意义的词，如动词result,make,enable,cause 和形容词 interesting,surprising,delightful,disgraceful 等。2.表示评注表示评注的特殊定语从句
50、对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向，它通常与那些表示客观事实，普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用；从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语，如 natural,known to all,usual等。3.有无状语意义“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义（主要是方式状语意义），而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致，“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。四、关系代词a s与w hich的句法功能1.as/w h ic h在特殊定语从句中作主语。a s作主语时，谓语动词常为连系动词（主