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1、 强调句：可以轻松地将时间、地点、原因、方式等类型的状语从句转变为强调句。It was not until I arrived home that I realized I had left the bag on the shop counter.It was then that I realized the importance of English.倒装句：只要句中有介词短语或状语从句，便可将其提前，变成倒装句。Only when I turned right at the crossing did that car crack towards me.Only by this means
2、can he escape from the big fire.w ith引导的伴随结构：可以将状语从句或并列句中的其中一个分句变成with结构。With the sun lighting brightly and the birds singing clearly,I went to school in highspiritsHe always likes to sleep with the windows open.巧妙地使用非谓语动词：可以将状语从句或并列的动词简化为非谓语动词。Hearing that,the driver;s wife quickly added that her h
3、usband often talked nonsenseafter drinking.（低级形式：When he heard that,.）恰到好处的被动句：适合应用于较简短的句子，这样显得语言简洁生动，宾语一，般是 nothing、anything、everything 等不定代词。Searched all my pockets,but nothing was foundo 感叹句：通常用于开头结尾活跃文章气氛，凡是“I feel”之类表达感情的句子皆可如此改造。How terrible I felt today!I failed again in the math exam.高级定语从句：
4、若定语从句中的动词带有介词，只需将介词移至先行词后。We came to a place to which they had never paid a visit before.进行时态：有时会含有一定情绪，尤其要使用always这样的富含感情色彩的副词。I am always feeling terrible when I take a bus.婉转表达：需要使用幽默的技巧，主要用于漫画型作文题。I could find nothing but bad luck when I returned the shop after learning that myhandbag had been l
5、eft on the counter.what引导的名词性从句：将动宾结构转化为此结构。What he gave me,which I knew,were not only a Christmas present but also a heartfull of love and a mind of my existence in it.“数词+名词”变 为“as many as+数词+名词”。As many as ten years ago,my hometown used to be covered by forests 适当加一些不关痛痒的插入语：一些连词、副词可以放到句子中间充当语气较弱
6、的插入语，如 I guess、however in a way certainly in my opinion、probablybriefly,generally speaking,believe it or not,besides,what s more 等，有时可以考虑几个插入语连用，就更像英美人士的文章了。独立主格：将主从句去掉连词，前句动词变为分词即可。The weather being fine,a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.把简单句改成复合句：适当的时候把两个简单句改成“too-.to”或 者 气。
7、th a t-等高级一点的复合句。例如：I was very tired.I couldn,t keep up with them.我们可以改成:I was so tired that Icouldn t keep up with them.K：I was too tired to keep up with them.这样一来，英语基础不是很好的学生只要能够写出最基本的句子，然后再对这些句子进行加工、改造、润色，慢慢的，就会让句子靓起来，在高考中就可以得到比较满意的成绩。复合句从句分类：名词性从句(主语，宾语，表语)形容词性从句(定语，同位语)副词性从句(地点，时间，原因，条件，)一、主语从句
8、：1 语法要点(1)引导主语从句连词有 that,whether,who,what,whatever 等(2)如 位 于 句首不能省略(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised usall.(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.(3)Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.(4)Whom we must study for is a question o
9、f great importance.(5)What caused the accident remains unknown.(6)Whatever you did is right.(7)Whose watch was lost is unknown.(8)What we need is time.(9)What we need are good doctors.为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末1)It is certain that he will win the match.(2)It is true that he has made a very
10、 important discovery in chemistry.(3)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.2 练习:太遗憾了，我们不能一起出去玩。)It is a pity that we can not hang out.是什么造成了这一事故还是一个谜。It is still a mystery what caused the accident.二、宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.1 .动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expe
11、ct that they will win,for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中，他都会帮忙的.形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every
12、 day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we(should)make a quick decision about this mater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate,take,owe,have,see toI hat
13、e it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替We all consider
14、 what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.介词的宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used
15、 to work with acompany.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知.形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有：sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry.afraid.satisfied,surprisedI am sure that I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高
16、兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能说成 I think he wont come to myparty.我认为他不会来我的舞会.I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是
17、？练习：我担心他会生病我们对世界一无所知除了我们一无所知。三、表语从句语法点：连接表语从句的连接词有：that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how.He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.练习：问题是我们什么时候能加工资呢？The problem is when we can get a pay rise他的建议是我们应该保持冷静。His suggestion is that we s
18、hould stay calm.四、定语从句(-)限定性定语从句1.that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。2.which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3.代表物时多用w h ich,但在带有下列词的句子中用tha t而不用w h ich,这些词包括当先行词是 anything,everything,nothing(something 除外)，few,all,none,little,some 等代词时，或者是由 every,any,
19、all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时等4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语5.where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句6.w hen引导定语从句表示时间，表示 时 间time一词的定语从句只用w hen引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London,we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business
20、 trip,he brings a lot of living necessities,such astowels,soap,toothbrush etc.7.whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物8.当 从 句 的 逻 辑 主 语 是 some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything 或 nothing 时，常用 there is 来弓I导There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.有人要和你说话。（二
21、）非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way,in whichattitudes towards night dreaming have changed.人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。I like the music for the very reason,fo
22、r which he dislike it.我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。We arrived the day,on which they left.刚好我们到的那天他们走了。在非限定性定语从句中，不能用th a t,而 用who,whom代表人，用which代表事物.练习：有时候，我们最伤心的日子，往往也是我们最难忘的日子。能让你记住的人一般都是伤害你的人。我的英文老师是个美女，而且她美貌与智慧并重。五、同位语从句用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如：I heard the news that our team had w o
23、 n.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这里。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words（消息）,possibility 等。如：Ive come from Mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you thisafternoon.我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。练习：我通过了考试这一消息是真的。计算机能够
24、识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇六、状语从句条件状语从句：如果条件1发生，就会有结果1如果不吃早餐，我会在上课时昏昏欲睡。I will get drowsy during class if I dont eat breakfast.In case of trouble,call 911.In the event of rain the game will be canceled.就算条件1不发生，也会有结果1Pm going to go on a picnic even if its cold tomorrow.与事实完全相反的假设If I taught this class,I would
25、 give a lot of oral tests.If you had told me the truth,I would have forgiven you.练习：如果你是我，就会知道我有多爱你。如果世界上没有邪恶，善良也就没有存在的意义了就算明天考试，我也要看奥运。因果关系：Because he did his very best,he succeeded.As women were supposed to be homemakers,she quit her job after she got married.Now that I am rich,Im going to travel
26、around the world.So long as you are not busy,could you help me type these letters?练习：既然你已经竭尽全力了，那就没有什么遗憾了。因为克隆人是不合法的，所以我们目前讨论它是没有意义的。时间状语:When I got there,she had already left.While I was taking a shower,the telephone rang.As I sat thinking about my life,1 began to realize that I was too pessimistic
27、.As I got older,I became more optimistic.Since he moved to Hong Kong three years ago,we have seldom been in touch.We stayed there till we finished our work.I will call you as soon as I get there.Once you get the hang of it,you will find the job easy as a piece of cake.练习：当我长大后，我才开始怀念故乡。一旦你开始厌倦工作，你也会
28、厌倦生活。地点状语从句where I was bom,there was a beautiful pond.Where there is a will,there is a way.书面表达中的高级结构王道波f 们高三英语教师在讲评书面表达时，经常告诉学生说，书面表达要得高分，就得有高级句型和高级词汇；但很多同学在写书面表达时，总认为高级句型和高级词汇很神秘，高不可及。其实，未必如此！通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面表达的范文，我们发现，很多所谓的高级句型和高级词汇正是我们老师反复讲解和训练的。下面列举一些常见且高级的词汇和句型，供同学们参考。高级词汇1.occur 替换 think
29、ofSuddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2.devote 替换 spendHe spends all his spare time in reading.一He devotes all his spare time to reading.3.seek 替换 want/look f
30、orThey sought(wanted)to hide themselves behind the trees.4.average 替换 ordinaryPm an average(ordinary)student.5.but 替换 veryThe film we saw last night was very interesting.一The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.6.seat 替换 sitOn his way
31、 to school,he found an old lady seated(sitting)by the road,lookingworried.7.suppose 替换 shouldHe is supposed to(should)have driven more slowly.8.appreciate 替换 thankThank you very much for you help.一We appreciate your help very much./Your help is much appreciated.9.the case 替换 trueI dont think it is t
32、he case(true).10.on 替换 as soon asAs soon as he arrived,he began his research.On his arrival,he began his research.11.due to 替换 because ofHe arrived late due to(because of)the storm.12.cover 替换 walk/readAfter covering(walking)10 miles,we all felt tired.13.contribute to 替换 be helpful/usefulPlenty of m
33、emory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study.一Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.14.round the corner 替换 coming soon/nearby The summer vacation is round the corner(coming).Do you have any plans?Li Ming studies in a school round the corner(nearby)e to light 替换 dis
34、coverThe family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels.一The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16.have a ball 替换 have a good time/enjoy oneselfAfter visiting the workshop,we went back to school.Every one of us had a ball(had a good time)e up with 替换 think ofJack
35、is very clever.He often comes up with(thinks of)new ideas.18.set aside 替换 saveSome students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money forbooks.(2004 天津卷)19.be of+n.替换 adj.The products are of high quality(very good)and are sold everywhere in China.20.refer to 替换 talk about/of,mentio
36、nThe professor you referred to(talked about)is very famous.21.can not but/can not help but 替换 have to doI could not but(had to)go home.22.more often than not 替换 usuallyMore often than not(Usually),the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.23.lest 替换 so that/in order thatI wrote down his teleph
37、one number so that I would not forget it.I wrote down his telephone number lest I(should)forget it.24.be long for sth./be long to do sth.替换 want to do sth./vvish forI want to see you very much.I am long to see you.25.be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to 替换 be interested inHe
38、is caught up in(very interested in)collecting stamps.26.more than 替换 very Im very glad to learn that you are coming in September.一Im more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.(NMET 2003)If there is anything I can do for vou,I would be more than glad to help.(2004 全国卷)27.perfect(ly)替换
39、good/very wellHe speaks perfect(good)English./He speaks English perfectly(very well).28.do sb a/the favor 替换 helpWould you please do me the favor(help me)to turn down the radio?29.the other day 替换 a few days agoThe other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.(NMET 1997)30.in the course
40、of 替换 duringIn the course of(During)the mountain-climbing,please help each other and payspecial attention to your safety.31.the majority of 替换 mostThe majority of(Most of)the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going tothe cinema.32.consist of 替换 be made up ofOur class consists of(is made up
41、of)50 students.33.be worn out 替换 be tired/broken After five hours non-stop work,we were all worn out(tired).My shoes are worn out(broken).Please buy me a new pair.34.become of 替换 happenWhat do think has become of(happened to)him?35.attend to 替换 look after36.on condition that 替换 as long as37.neverthe
42、less 替换 however38.express ones satisfaction with 替换 be satisfied with39.spare no efforts to do 替换 try ones best to do40.many a 替换 many41.be rushed off ones feet 替换 be busy in doing42.a handful of 替换 a little/some43.meanwhile 替换 at the same time44.get to ones feet 替换 stand up45.beneath 替换 under46.occ
43、asionally 替换 sometimes/once in while47.for instance 替换 for example48.seldom 替换 not often49.wealthy 替换 rich50.amazing 替换 surprising51.as a matter of fact 替换 in fact二.高级句型结构 It句型 It will be+some time+before.It wont be long before humans visit the Mars.It is+adj./n.+for sb to do sth.It is very importan
44、t for us to learn computer well,because it has changed our lifeso much.He said since it was a new model in China,it was impossible to fix it without theright spare parts.(2008 年湖J匕卷)It is+被强调部分4-that-1)It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.2)Those who like reading extensively say i
45、t is through reading that we get ourknowledge.more.than any other 表示最高级Among the optional courses,spoken English and computer study are morepopular than any one else.名词从句 It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered inthe talk.(2004 全国卷 III)My hometown is no longe
46、r what it used to be.(非限制性)定语从句 The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street.It is not far from Jianxin ChineseSchool.The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street,which is not far from Jianxin ChineseSchool(NMET 2003)It was quite an experience for us both,which Uli never forget for the rest of mylife,
47、(2002 北京卷)分词结构 I dont know about others,but I used to have to work even at weekends doingendless homework and attending：classes as well.(NMET 2001)WeUl mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV,playing eame,andmectin。Deople.(2004 全国卷 H)(3)Hearing this,a few people began to run after him.(2004 辽
48、宁卷)Born in American,Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.(2008 年湖南卷)with结构 A terrible accident happened yesterday,with nine people killed and almost eightyiniured.He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder,with a large suitcasein his left hand.倒装句 The library is to the eas
49、t of the teaching building.East of the teaching building is the library.Although we are tired,we are happy.*Tired as we arc,we are happy.(3)Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man.(2002 上海卷)May all your dreams come true!May our friendship last till the end of theuniverse.!(2007 年湖南卷)被动语态 Opi
50、nions are divided on the question.(NMET 2002)All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreignstudents.(2004 全国卷 IV)New factories,houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷)巧妙的改写(1).Only 改成 no one butOnly Tom passed the exam last week.No one but Tom passed the exam.(2).as s