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1、名词语法讲解及练习题分类及用法名词语法讲解:名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags/car-cars以s,sh,ch,x等结尾加-es读/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches以ce,se,ze,等结尾加-s读/iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加es读/z/baby-babies名词语法讲解:其它名词复数的规则变化1)以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如:twoMarystheHenrysmonkey-monkeysholid
2、ay-holidays2)以o结尾的名词,变复数时:a.加s,如:photo-photospiano-pianosradio-radioszoo-zoos;b.加es,如:potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesc.上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero-zeros/zeroes。3)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:a.加s,如:belief-beliefsroof-roofssafe-safesgulf-gulfs;b.去f,fe加ves,如:half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolveswife-wiveslife-livesthi
3、ef-thieves;c.上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。名词语法讲解:名词复数的不规则变化1)child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-miceman-menwoman-women注意:由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women,如anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是theBowmans。2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chine
4、se,Japanese,li,jin,yuan,twoli,threemu,fourjin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数,不能说apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以说aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,theSwiss等名词,表示国民总
5、称时,作复数用,如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。b.news为不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如:TheArabianNightsisaveryinterestingstory-book.一千零一夜是一
6、本非常有趣的故事书。5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses(眼镜)trousers,clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双);suit(套);apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。名词语法讲解:不可数名词量的表示1)物质名词a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。比较:Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一种食物。(不可数)Thesecakesaresweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类
7、时,可数。例如:Thisfactoryproducessteel.(不可数)Weneedvarioussteels.(可数)c.当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:Ourcountryisfamousfortea.中国因茶叶而闻名。Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。2)抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如:fourfreedoms四大自由thefourmodernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如aglassofwater一杯水/apieceofadvice一则建议。名词语法讲解:定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。用复数作定语。例
8、如:sportsmeeting运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室talkstable谈判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系2)man,woman,gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如:menworkerswomenteachersgentlemenofficials3)有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。例如:goodstrain(货车)armsproduce武器生产customspapers海关文件clothesbrush衣刷4)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如:two-dozene
9、ggs两打鸡蛋aten-milewalk十英里路two-hundredtrees两百棵树afive-yearplan.一个五年计划名词语法讲解:不同国籍人的单复数国籍总称(谓语用复数)单数复数中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFre
10、nchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes名词语法讲解:名词的格英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形
11、式称为该名词的所有格,如:ateachersbook。名词所有格的规则如下:1)单数名词词尾加s,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加s,如theboysbag男孩的书包,mensroom男厕所。2)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加,如:theworkersstruggle工人的斗争。3)凡不能加s的名词,都可以用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系,如:thetitleofthesong歌的名字。4)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:thebarbers理发店。A.womensdoctorB.womendoctorsC.womensdoctorsD.wome
12、ndoctor2.“Look!Thepolice_heretokeeporder!Goawayquickly,”oneofthemshouted.A.signsB.sighsC.movementsD.words4.Inmyopinion,whathetoldusjustnowabouttheaffairsimplydoesntmakeany_.A.ideaB.meaningC.senseD.point5.ShellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherEnglishexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirst_.A.i
13、ntentionB.attemptC.purposeD.desire6._foodiskeptinhisnewcave,butatlastSaddamwasstillarrested.A.LargequantitiesofB.AgreatdealofC.AlargenumberofD.Quiteafew7.Letstryoperatingthemachinerightnow.Wait.Betterreadthe_first.A.instructionsB.explanationsC.informationD.introduction8.Therestofthemagazines_withinh
14、alfanhour.A.issoldoutB.wassoldoutC.weresoldoutD.aresoldout9.Youdhavemore_ofcatchingthetrainifyoutookabustothestationinsteadofwalking.A.opportunityB.chanceC.timeD.energy10.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses_muchifpeopleleavethings_theyare.A.doesntchange;asB.arentchanged;likeC.dontchange;likeD.
15、dontchange;as11.IknewIshouldntacceptanythingfromsuchaperson,butIfounditdifficulttoturndownhis_.A.offerB.suggestionC.requestD.plan12._itistogatherwithPresidentBushatsuchaspecialThanksgivingDayinIraq!A.whatafunB.whatfunC.howfunD.whatjoy13.Oh.,John_yougaveus!A.HowagreatsurpriseB.howpleasantsurpriseC.wh
16、atapleasantsurpriseD.whatpleasantsurprise14Heis_asaleaderbuthehasnt_inteaching.A.success;manyexperiencesB.asuccess;muchexperienceC.greatsuccess;anexperienceD.agreatsuccess;alotofexperiences15Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?_.A.PalmersB.ThePalmersC.ThePalmersD.ThePalmers名词语法练习题参考答案1.B。复合名词的复数中含有构词成分man
17、/woman时,将变为men/women,且所修饰的名词也要变成复数。2.C。特殊类群体名词police/cattle做主语时,谓语动词用复数;“警察”个体用policeman/policewoman;牛的个体用aheadofcattle。3.A。signs指“手势”,还可用ourexpressions和gesture等bodymovements来表达思想。sigh意为“叹息”,words与前半句矛盾。4.C。makesense是习语,意为“有道理”、“意义清楚”。5.B。比较:attempt=尝试,企图;intention=意图;purpose=目的;desire=欲望。6.B。记住:ala
18、rge/great/goodquantity/amountof+复数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;large/great/goodquantities/amountsof+复数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用复数。7.A。instructions说明书(常用复数),explanation解释、说明。8.C。Mostof/Halfof/Partof/partof+名作主语,谓语与of后面的名词保持一致。本题中magazines是可数名词复数,故谓语动词用复数。9.B。表示“机会”时,opportunity和chance两者均可;但表示“可能性”时,只能用chance。10.A。Thenumberof+名词复数,谓语常用单数;A.numberof+名词复数,谓语常用复数。11.A。表示主动提供的东西,用offer。12.B。抽象名词表泛指时一般不与冠词连用。13.C。抽象名词有前置或后置修饰语时,前面用不定冠词,使之具体化;如:A.happylife/agoodeducationinthatuniversity/awideknowledgeofnature14.B。表具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情緒的人和事;如:Sheisasuccessincausebutafailureinmarriage.(成功者、失败者)15.C。表示Palmer一家人,指一家人时常用the+姓氏的复数。