《初二物理下册前三章测试题(完整版)资料.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初二物理下册前三章测试题(完整版)资料.doc(36页珍藏版)》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、初二物理下册前三章测试题(完整版)资料(可以直接使用,可编辑 优秀版资料,欢迎下载)八年级物理试题 (满分为100分,考试时间为60分钟)第卷(选择题,共 分)一、单项选择题(每小题3分,共36分,每小题只有一个正确答案)1、端午节赛龙舟是我国民间传统习俗。小丽和她的同学一起在公园人工湖上举行龙舟比赛,使龙舟向前行驶的力的施力物体是A船桨 B湖水 C同学 D龙舟2、下列运动的物体中,运动状态没发生改变的是A自由下落的苹果 B绕地球匀速旋转的卫星C沿斜面匀速下滑的木块 D减速行驶的汽车3、如果没有重力,以下说法中不正确的是 A. 物体就没有质量 B. 河水就不能流动C. 人向上一跳就离开地球 D
2、. 杯中的水就无法倒入口中4 、摩托车做飞跃障碍物的表演时为了减少向前翻车的危险,下列说法中正确的是 A应该前轮先着地 B.哪个车轮先着地与翻车的危险没有关系C. 应该后轮先着地 D. 应该前后轮同时着地 5、一本放在水平桌面上的物理书上有一支笔,下列哪两个力是一对平衡力 ( ) A、笔所受的重力和书对笔的支持力B、书的重力和桌面对书的支持力C、桌面对书的支持力和笔对书的压力D、书对笔的支持力和笔对书的的压力 6、少林功夫名扬天下,“二指禅”绝活令人称奇。表演时人体倒立,只用中指和食指支撑全身的重量,如图2所示。这时两手指对地面的压强最接近于: A3102Pa B3104Pa C3106Pa
3、D3108Pa7、图3所示的四个实例中,为了增大压强的是 ( )图3C坦克装有宽大的履带书包背带做得较宽BD在铁轨下面铺枕木A斧刃磨得很锋利8、下面是日常生活中与压强有关事例的描述,其中正确的是 A用吸管吸饮料是利用了嘴的吸力B图钉帽面积大是为了增大手指对它的压强C高压锅能很快地煮熟食物是因为锅内气压增大水的沸点降低D水坝的形状上窄下宽是因为液体的压强随着深度的增加而增大9.小明在玻璃杯内盛满水,杯口盖上一张硬纸片(不留空气),然后托住纸片,将杯子倒置或倾斜,水都不流出,纸片也不掉下(如图所示)。对整个探究活动的分析正确的是A探究的问题:大气压强有多大B探究的假设:大气对各个方向都有压强C探究
4、的目的:研究水的重力与大气压力的关系D探究的结论:大气向各个方向的压强相等(第9题图)10.下列实例中,属于减小压强的是 12下列实验不能说明大气压存在的是 ( )第卷(选择题,共 分)二、填空(每空2分,共18分)13、最早测定大气压的实验是 ,1标准大气压强的值为 Pa14、断开电风扇的开关后电风扇的叶片不能立即停止转动是因为叶片具有_,抛出去的篮球最终会落回地面是因为受到_作用。甲F乙F图515、将一个木制小桌放在地面上拖动,如图5所示的两种拖法中,小桌所受摩擦力大小关系是甲的 乙的;小桌对地面的压强甲的 乙的(都选填“大于”、“等于”、“小于”)图716、图6所示,两支相同的试管,内盛
5、等质量的液体。甲管竖直放置,乙管倾斜放置,两管液面相平,比较两管中的液体对管底压强的大小p甲 p乙图617、我国经济快速发展,很多厂商一改过去“酒香不怕巷子深”的观点,纷纷为自己的产品做广告,但有些广告制作却忽视了其中的科学性. 如图7一幅广告中有一处科学性的错误,它违背 的原理。18、如图8所示A、B两个正方体物体叠放在水平地面上,图8已知两物体的边长之比是lA:lB=2:1,密度之比为A:B=3:2,则B对A压强与A对地面的压强之比为 。三、作图题(每题3分,共6分)19、如图9所示,一个重为30N的铁球沿斜面滚下,请画出铁球所受重力的图示。图1020、如图10所示,一铁块放在水平地面上,
6、请画出当条形磁铁靠近铁块时,铁块所受摩擦力的示意图。(图中已标出摩擦力的作用点)图9四、实验题(每空2分,共10 分)图1121、小明同学在探究“压力的作用效果与压力大小的关系”时,做了如图11甲、乙所示的实验。 (1)实验能够得到的结论是 。图12(2)若想继续探究“压力的作用效果与受力面积大小的关系”,应再做图_(填“丙”或“丁”)所示实验。22、下表是小明同学用如图12所示装置分别测得水和盐水在不同深度时,压强计(U形管中是水)两液柱的液面高度情况。序号液体深度hmm压 强 计左液面mm右液面mm液面高度差mm1水301862142826017122857390158243854盐水90
7、15424692(1)分析上表中序号为1、2、3的三组实验数据,小明可以得到的结论是:同种液体的压强 ;(2)比较表中序号为 两组数据,可得到液体的压强跟液体密度的关系(3)上述研究物理问题的方法叫 。五、计算题(每题15分,共30分)23、被誉为沙漠之舟的骆驼站在水平沙子上,骆驼的质量是400Kg,每只脚掌的面积为0.02m2,问:(1)、骆驼对沙面的压力为多少? (2)、骆驼行走时对沙面的压强为多大? (3)、骆驼的脚掌面积是马的3倍,这样大的脚掌有什么好处? 24、一只重2N,底面积为0.02m2的平底薄壁容器放在面积为0.8m2的水平桌面中央,容器内所盛的水重12N,容器高为15cm,
8、容器中水深为12cm。求:(1)容器底受到水的压强;(2)容器底受到水的压力;(3)桌面受到盛水容器的压强。初二物理八上声音的特性专项练习一、填空题1、在物理学中,把人们由听觉所感受到的声音的高低称为 ,听觉所感受到的声音的大小称为 ;即使是高低、大小都相同的声音听起来也不一定完全一样,可见声音除了高低、大小这些特征外,还有第三个特征,这第三个特征就是 。习惯上称声音的这三个特征为声音的三要素。 2、声音的高低,即音调的高低跟发声体振动的 有关,其 越大,音调越 ;声音的大小,即声音的响度跟两个因素有关,一是发声体 的大小,二是听者距离发声体的 。 3、在通常情况下可以近似地认为声音在空气中的
9、速度为340m/s。当回声到达人耳的时间比原声晚 时,人耳能把回声跟原声区分开。一个人要想从听觉上把自己的拍手声和高墙反射回来的回声区分开,人至少要离高墙 m远。 4、从物理学角度看,噪声是指 。但是从环境保护的角度看,凡是妨碍人们 、 和 的声音,以及对人们 的声音,都属于噪声。 5、减弱噪声的途径有三条:一是 减弱;二是 减弱;三是 减弱。 6、一切发声体都在 ,每秒钟振动的次数叫 ,每秒钟振动的次数越多则声音的 越高,振动的幅度越大则 越大。 7、现在城市的汽车、摩托车越来越多,甚至有些本该在农田里耕地的拖拉机也堂而皇之地奔跑在街道上。它们对环境带来的危害主要是 和 。 二、选择题8、我
10、们闭上眼睛,仅凭耳朵的听觉就能分辨出交响乐中不同乐器的声音,因为( )A人不同乐器的演奏方式不同 B不同乐器的响度不同C不同乐器的音调不同 D不同乐器的音色不同 9、男同学一般比女同学的声音沉闷、浑厚,这是因为男同学发声时 ( )A频率高,振幅大 B频率低,振幅小C频率低,振幅大 D频率高,振幅小 10、声音响度的大小( )A只由振动的频率决定 B只由距离声源的远近决定C只由振动的幅度决定 D由振动的幅度与距离声源的远近决定 11、人们可以凭听觉识别出不同人的声音,这是根据声音的( )A频率 B音色 C振幅 D声速 12、下列关于声的说法中,错误的是 ( )A声音是由于物体振动产生的B人潜入水
11、中,仍能听到岸上人的讲话声C在空气中,声音传播的速度小于光传播的速度D城市里可用噪声监测设备来消除噪声污染 三、计算题13、正以重8km/h的速度沿直线匀速驶向一高山崖壁的汽车,驾驶员鸣笛后经4s听到从崖壁反射回来的声音。求鸣笛时汽车与崖壁的距离。(空气中声速为340m/s)。 14、汽车开进一个两侧山坡平行的峡谷,鸣笛后经0.5s听到左边山坡的回声,再经0.5s听到右边山坡的回声。求这个峡谷的宽度。(空气中声速为340m/s)。 四、综合题15、判断下列说法的正确与错误:(1)优美的乐曲肯定不是噪声。( )(2)城市绿化对减弱城市的噪声污染也有一定的作用。( )(3)声音是没有细菌的,因而不
12、会危害人体健康。( )(4)广场上的高音喇叭能使远处的听众听清楚,但对附近的居民是噪声。( ) 初中物理八年级上声的现象综合测试题一、选择题2、下列说法中错误的是: A.噪声污染是当今社会的四大污染之一;B.为了保证工作和学习,应控制噪声不超过70dB;C.声音的传播速度是340m/s;D.物体发出声音时它一定在振动.3、关于声现象不正确的说法是: A.只要物体在振动就一定能听到声音; B.听到声音一定有物体在振动;C.一般说来声音在固体中比液体中传播得快; D.声音的传播要介质.4、小平在高处用望远镜眺望,他看到了远处有一位铁匠在工作。若铁匠以每秒一次的快慢节奏锻打铁块,在他看到铁匠最后一次
13、锻打铁块的同时听到了打击声,随后还听到了两次打击声。则铁匠与小平的距离约是: A.240m ; B.480m ; C.680m ; D.1020m.5、下列关于声音的说法正确的是 A、声音从空气传到水中后,传播速度将变小 B、工人用超声波清洗钟表等精细的机械,属于声的利用 C、人能分辨出二胡和小提琴发出的声音,主要是因为它们的音调不同 D、在医院、学校附近机动车禁呜喇叭属于噪声的利用6、下列关于声现象的说法中,不正确的是: A悦耳动听的歌声是由歌唱家的声带振动发出的;B声音传播需要介质,真空不能传声;C声音在固体中的传播速度大于在空气中的传播速度;D声音在各种介质中的传播速度是一样的.7、流星
14、落在地球上会产生巨大的声音,但它落在月球上,即使宇航员就在附近也听不到声音,这是因为: A月球表面受到撞击时不发声; B撞击声太小,人耳无法听到;C月球表面没有空气,声音无法传播; D撞击月球产生的是超声波.8、通常,人们会从噪声的产生、传播及接收三个环节控制噪声,下列措施中,属于在产生环节控制噪声的是: A临街的房屋安装隔音玻璃;B学校附近禁止汽车鸣笛;C在高噪声环境下工作的人戴耳罩;D在公路两侧设置屏障墙.9、医生用听诊器诊病是因为: A. 听诊器能改变发声体的频率,使音调变高;B. 听诊器能使振动的振幅增加,使响度增大;C. 听诊器能缩短听者距发声体间的距离,使传入人耳的响度更大些;D.
15、 听诊器能减小声音的分散,使传入人耳的响度更大些.二、填空题10、遇到大风的天气,郊区路旁架设的高压线会嗡嗡作响,这是因为声音是由于 的 引起的。11、利用声音捕鱼时,鱼被它们喜欢的声音诱入鱼网,从物理学的角度分析,这一现象表明 12、无声手枪是在 处减弱噪声的。13、将要上钩的鱼儿,会被岸上的说话声或脚步声吓逃,这表明 ;月球上没有空气,登上月球的宇航员即使相距很近,也要靠无线 交谈,这表明 .而无线电波在 中能够传播.14、人说话时,声带由于而发出声音15、2004年12月26日,南亚、东南亚海域发生强烈地震,引发了罕见的大海啸,夺走了很多人的生命,后来人们在清理现场时很少发现有猫、狗、老
16、鼠等动物的尸体,人们猜测可能是地震时产生的 声波,动物可以听到,而人听不到。16、“姑苏城外寒山寺,夜半钟声到客船”,这是唐诗中的名句。船上的客人听到寒山寺的钟声,这是因为寒山寺的大钟受到撞击发生了 。17、以下措施不能减弱噪声的是A摩托车上安装消声器 B机场工作人员佩戴有耳罩的头盔C街头设置噪声监测仪 D高架道路两侧安装透明板墙18、在“探究声音的产生”活动中,同学们体验到发声的音叉在振动、说话时声带在振动等一系列现象后,可运用 的方法得出结论:声音是由物体的 产生的。_19、从7月1日起,在武汉市内环线以内的区域,禁止车辆鸣笛,这是在 减少噪声;武汉轻轨在离居民楼较近的地方,要装上隔音板,
17、这是在 减少噪声。初二物理八上声音的特性专项练习参考答案一、填空题1、音调,响度,音色 2、频率,频率,高,振幅,距离 3、0.1s,17 4、发声体做无规则的杂乱无章的振动时发出的声音,正常休息,学习,工作,要听的声音起干扰作用 5、在声源处,在传播过程中,在人耳处 6、振动,频率,音调,响度 7、废气,噪声 二、选择题8、D 9、C 10、D 11、B 12、D 三、计算题13、s=690m 14、s=340m 四、综合题15、(1) (2)对 (3) (4) 对初中物理八年级上声的现象综合测试参考答案一、选择题2、C3、A4、C5、B6、D7、C8、B9、D二、填空题10、高压线 , 振
18、动11、声音可以在水中传播12、声源13、水能传声 真空不能传声 真空14、振动15、次16、振动 人教版八年级初二上册英语期末测试题及答案一(单项选择: 第一组: ( ) 1. - Can she _ English or French ? - I don?t know. A. speak B. say C. talk D. tell ( ) 2.Maria likes thrillers but she _ comedies. A. not like B. likes C. doesn?t like D. like ) 3.- Who?s the girl _ red ? - Alice?
19、s cousin. ( A. in B. at C. for D. with ( ) 4._ comes before December, but after October. A. November B. September C. August D. January ( ) 5. - Where _ Tom?s shorts? - I can?t see _ . A. is, it B. is, them C. are, them D. are, it ( ) 6. Who wants _ the skating club ? A. join B. to join C. joining D.
20、 joins ( ) 7. We usually _ late on Sunday morning. A. sleep B. get up C. play D. have dinner ( ) 8. Sunday is the _ day of a week. A. first B. last C. seventh D. second ( ) 9. - _ does he like blue ? - Because he likes the sea. A. What B. When C. Why D. How ) 10. - _ ? - At eight-twenty. ( A. What t
21、ime is it now ? B. How much is it ? C. What time does it begin ? D. What day is it today 第二组: ( )1. This is my sister. _ name is Grace. A. She B. He C. Her D. His ( )2. I like bananas, _ my friends don?t like bananas. A. and B. so C. but D. or ( )3. -When is your father?s birthday? -It?s October 23r
22、d, 2004. A. October twenty-third B. twenty-third October C. October twentieth-third D. October the twenty-three ( )4. -_ is that chicken? -It?s three dollars a kilo.” A. How many B. How much C. How D. How old ( )5. -Which is your _ color? -I think I like _ best. A. month, may B. favorite, blue C. fa
23、vorite, spring D. best, blue ( )6. -What kind of _ _ he like? -He likes comedies. A. movies, do B. food, does C. subjects, do D. movies, does ( )7. -Can you play the drum very well? -_. And I?m in the music club. A. Yes, I can. B. No, I can?t C. Yes, I do. D. No, I don?t ( )8. -_ do you often go to
24、work? -At around 8:00 am. A. How old B. What time C. What D. Where ( )9. Please have a look _ the interesting picture. A. in B. on C. at D. of ( )10. She wants _ baseball with her sister. A. to play B. play C. playing D. plays 第三组: ( ) 1. My brother Jack can play _guitar but he can?t play _ volleyba
25、ll. A. the, the B. the,/ C. /,the D. a, a ( ) 2.This is _ grandfather. A. he B. she C. I D. his ( ) 3.December is _ month of a year. A. the twelve B. the twelveth C. the twelfth D. the twelvth ( ) 4. What do you usually do _ Saturday evening? A. in B. on C. at D. to ( ) 5- He _ sports. He only _ the
26、m on TV. A. don?t play, watch B. doesn?t play, watch C. not play, watches D. doesn?t play, watches ( ) 6. It?s ten o?clock in the evening. Let?s _. A. go to school B. have lunch C. go to bed D. get up ( ) 7. I like comedy, _ I don?t like thriller. A. or B. and C. but D. for ( ) 8. _ do you want to j
27、oin our club? I want to learn swimming. A. Why B. How C. What D. How much ( ) 9. The boy doesn?t like documentaries, because it?s _. A. fun B. interesting C. relaxing D. boring ( ) 10. “ Can I help you ?” “_”. A. Thank you B. You?re welcome C. Yes, please. I want a pen. D. I?m sorry 二(完形填空 A Dear Ja
28、ne, It?s Tuesday, November11. I?m really busy! At 8:00 I have math. I don?t like math. Then at 9:00 I have science. It?s difficult, _1_ interesting. Next, _2_10:00, I have history. It?s boring, but at 11:00 I have P.E. That?s my favorite subject! I eat lunch at 12:00. After lunch, I _3_ music. Music
29、 is_4_. I like my music teacher, Mr Cooper. He?s fun . My last class is at 2:00. _5_ class I have volleyball for two _6_. Our teacher is very strict and I?m usually very tired after class. Then I have _7_ history club. It?s really interesting! Love, Lin Mei ( ) 1. A. and B. or C. but D. so ( ) 2. A.
30、 at B. for C. on D. in ( ) 3. A. see B. have C. listen D. like ( ) 4. A. scary B. boring C. sad D. relaxing ( ) 5. A. After B. Before C. under D. near ( ) 6. A. days B. subjects C. hours D. clocks ( ) 7. A. Canada B. Japan C. France D. Chinese B 请先阅读文章,然后根据文章内容作下面的完型填空。 It?s September 1st. Miss Whit
31、e is talking to her class. Hello, children! Nice to see you again. Today is the first day of this term. Now I?m going to tell you our class timetable. We have school from Monday to Friday. We have a Chinese lesson every day. And we have a math every day, too. We have four English lessons every week,
32、 the first on Monday, the second on Wednesday. And the other two are both on Friday. You?ll learn art and music. Every week you?ll have two art lessons and two music lessons. Now I?ll tell you the sports time. You?ll have a P. E. class every day. And Friday afternoon will be your sports time. Boys,
33、don?t you like it? And you will begin to learn computer. Wish you?ll enjoy your school life.? Miss White is a 1 . The students 2 on Saturday and Sunday. The students have 3 Chinese lessons a week. There are four 4 lessons every week. The students have two English lessons on 5 . On 6 , there are no E
34、nglish lessons. The students learn 7 . There are two art lessons 8 . 9 is the new subject for the students. The students will 10 on Friday afternoon. How interesting their school life is! The students will enjoy their school life very much. 1. A. students B. teacher C. doctor 2. A. go to school B. d
35、on?t go to school C. can?t stay at home 3. A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 4. A. art B. P. E. C. English 5. A. Monday B. Wednesday C. Friday 6. A. Tuesday and Wednesday B. Tuesday and Thursday C. Friday 7. A. art only B. music only C. both art and music 8. A. every week B. every month C. every day 9. A. Science B. P
36、. E. C. computer 10(A. play computer games B. have sports C. have a class meeting Welcome to the Zoo 三( 阅读理解: 1) Read this advertisement and answer the following questions. Days Open: Monday to Friday 8:00 a.m.(上午) 6:00 p.m.(下午) Saturday to Sunday 8:00 a.m. 8:00 p.m. Try our Train Ride for $ 2.00 pe
37、r person!(每人) Fees:(费用) Adults: Ages 8 14: Ages 15 18: Under 8: $ 8.00 $ 3.00 $ 6.00 Free 1. On Sunday, the zoo opens at _. A. 10:00 in the morning B 8:00 in the morning C. 8:00 in the afternoon 2. The zoo opens _ days a week. A. two B. five C. seven 3. If(如果)you are 13 years old, how much do you pa
38、y(支付)to go to the zoo? A. 3 dollars B. 6 dollars C. Free 4. Kate is twelve, and his little sister is 6, they have to pay _ to go to the zoo. A. 9 dollars B. 11 dollars C. 3 dollars 5.If you are fourteen and your brother is seven, how much do you pay for the train ride? A. 2 dollars. B. 4 dollars. C.
39、 6 dollars. 2) “You are welcome to have dinner with me on Sunday.” said John. “But I don?t know where your house is.” said Henry. “It?s easy. You get off the bus. Then you cross the road. You take the first on the left. You walk for five minutes. Then you come to a big tree. You take the second on t
40、he right after the tree. About a hundred metres down this road there is a big red house, you go past the big house, and after about five hundred metres, you?ll see a small yellow house beside a little tree. Open the door with your foot.” “With my foot?” said Henry. “Why, yes.” said John, “Well, you
41、won?t come to my house empty handed, will you?” 1. From the story we know that John asked Henry _. A. to go to the cinema together B. to have supper with him C. to go to the bus stop D. to go to the big red house 2. “You take the first on the left” means you _. A. go ahead on the left B. take the fi
42、rst bus on the leftC. take the first road on the left D. must buy something first 3. How far was it from the big tree to the big red house? It was _. A. about one hundred metres away B. five minutes? walk C. about five hundred feet D. a hundred minutes? ride 4. Where was John?s house? It was _. A. on the ri