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1、Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:In the world of entertainment,TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television.Andanyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format.But no two shows are more profoundlyoppo
2、site in content,while at the same time standing out above the rest,than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of“trash talk(废 话)The topics on his show are as shocking asshocking can be.For example,the show takes the ever-common talk show th
3、emes of love,sex,cheating,guilt,hate,conflictand morality to a different level.Clearly,the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of societys moral catastrophes(灾难),yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments(困 境)of other peoples lives.Like Jerry Springer,Oprah Winfrey ta
4、kes TV talk show to its extreme,but Oprah goes in the opposite direction.The showfocuses on the improvement of society and an individuals quality of life.Topics range from teaching your childrenresponsibility,managing your work week,to getting to know your neighbors.Compared to Oprah,the Jerry Sprin
5、ger show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society.Jerry ends every showwith a“final word”.He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show.Hopefully,this is the part where mostpeople will learn something very valuable.Clean as it is,the Oprah show is not for everyone.The s
6、hows main target audience are middle-class Americans.Most ofthese people have the time.Money,and stability to deal with lifes tougher problems.Jerry Springer,on the other hand,hasmore of an association with the young adults of society.These are 18-to 21-year-olds whose main troubles in life involve
7、love,relationship,sex,money and peers.They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the showsexploitation.While the two shows are as different as night and day.Both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now.Each onecaters to a different audience while both have
8、a strong following from large groups of fans.Ironically,both could also beconsidered pioneers in the talk show world.21.Compared with other TV talk shows,both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are.A)more family-orientedB)unusually popularC)more profoundD)relatively formal22.Though the social
9、problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful,the a u d i e n c e.A)remain fascinated by themB)are ready to face up to themC)remain indifferent to themD)are willing to get involved in them23.Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?A)A new type of robot.B)Rac
10、ist hatred.C)Family budget planning.D)Street violence.24.Despite their different approaches,the two talk shows are both.A)ironicalB)sensitiveC)instructiveD)cynical25.We can leam from the passage that the two talk shows.A)have monopolized the talk show circuitB)exploit the weaknesses in human natureC
11、)appear at different times of the dayD)are targeted at different audiencesPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:To understand the marketing concept,it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling.Nottoo many years ago,most industries concent
12、rated primarily on the efficient production of goods,and then relied on persuasivesalesmanship to move as much of these goods as possible.Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller toproduce goods and then convert them into money.Marketing,on the other hand,focuses on the wants o
13、f consumers.It begins with first analyzing the preferences anddemands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them.This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as themarketing concept,which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale,the
14、 makersand dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent(慈善iKl)or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profitin a company.There are always two sides to every bu
15、siness transaction-the firm and the customer-and each must be satisfiedbefore trade occurs.Successful merchants and producers,however,recognize that the surest route to profit is throughunderstanding and catering to customers.A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented
16、 itself inmid-1985,when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink.The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of thepublic brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke,which was then marketed alongside the new King Customerruled!26.The marketing concept discussed in the p
17、assage is,in ess ence,.A)the practice of turning goods into moneyB)making goods available for purchaseC)the customer-centred approachD)a form of persuasive salesmanship27.What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?A)The needs of the market.B)The effi
18、ciency of production.C)The satisfaction of the user.D)The preferences of the dealer.28.According to the passage,4to move as much of these goods as possible(Lines 3-4,Para.I)means/A)to sell the largest possible amount of goodsB)to transport goods as efficiently as possibleC)to dispose of these goods
19、in large quantitiesD)to redesign these goods for large-scale production29.What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?A)Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.B)It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.C)Consumers with conservative ta
20、stes are often difficult to please.D)Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer.30.In discussing the marketing concept,the author focuses on.A)its main characteristicB)its social impactC)its possible consequenceD)its theoretical basisPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the
21、following passage:Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried.Too little conflict breeds apathy(冷 漠)andstagnation(呆 滞).Too much conflict leads to divisiveness(分裂)and hostility.Moderate levels of conflict,however,canspark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competit
22、ive way.Recent research by Professor Charles R.Schwenk,however,suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be morecomplex to determine than these simple generalizations.He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives.Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations
23、and others for not-for-profit organizations.Somewhat surprisingly,Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type oforganization.Specifically,managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to theirorganizations and t
24、hat it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture.They believed that conflict generally was damaging andusually led to poor-quality decision making in their organizations.Schwenk interpreted t
25、hese results in terms of the criteria foreffective decision making suggested by the executives.In the profit-seeking organizations,decision-making effectiveness wasmost often assessed in financial terms.The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financialindicators.In the n
26、ot-for-profit organizations,decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfyingconstituents.Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceivedthat conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.31.In the
27、 eyes of the author,conventional opinion on conflict is.A)wrongB)oversimplifiedC)misleadingD)unclear32.Professor Charles R.Schwenks research shows.A)the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB)the real value of conflictC)the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflictD)the complexity o
28、f defining the roles of conflict33.We can learn from Schwenks research that.A)a persons view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organizationB)conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizationsC)different people resolve conflicts in different waysD)it is impossible for people
29、 to avoid conflict34.The passage suggests that in for-profit o r g a n i z a t i o n s.A)there is no end of conflictB)expression of different opinions is encouragedC)decisions must be justifiableD)success lies in general agreement35.People working in a not-for-profit o r g a n i z a t i o n.A)seem t
30、o be difficult to satisfyB)are free to express diverse opinionsC)are less eifective in making decisionsD)find it easier to reach agreementPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Imagine eating everything delicious you wantwith none of the fat.That would be great,wouldnt it?
31、New“fake fat“products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently,but not everyone is happy about it.Makersof the products,which contain a compound called olestra,say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods.Critics,however,say the new compound can rob the body of esse
32、ntial vitamins and nutrients(营养物)and can also causeunpleasant side effects in some people.So its up to consumers to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enoughto keep eating.Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s,when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infa
33、nts moreeasily.Instead of finding the desired fat,the researchers created a fat that cant be digested at all.Normally,special chemicals in the intestines(肠)“grab”molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can beused by the body.A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecule of subs
34、tances called fatty acids.The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A,D,E,and K.When fatmolecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins,the vitamins attach to the molecules and are earned into thebloodstream.Olestra,which is made fro
35、m six to eight molecules of fatty acids,is too large for the intestines to absorb.It just slidesthrough the intestines without being broken down.Manufacturers say its that ability to slide unchanged through the intestinesthat makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute.It provides consumers with t
36、he taste of regular fat without any bad effects onthe body.But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A,D,E,and K from being absorbed.It can also prevent the absorption ofcarotenoids(类胡萝 卜素),compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer,heart disease,etc.Manufacturers are adding vitamins A,D,E,and
37、K as well as carotenoids to their products now.Even so,some nutritionistsare still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about howmany calories they are consuming.36.We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that.A)contain
38、s plenty of nutrientsB)renders foods calorie-free while retaining their vitaminsC)makes foods easily digestibleD)makes foods fat-free while keeping them delicious37.The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be.A)commercially uselessB)just as anticipatedC)somewhat controvers
39、ialD)quite unexpected38.Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that.A)it passes through the intestines without being absorbedB)it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the bodyC)it helps reduce the incidence of heart diseaseD)it prevents excessive intake of vitamins39.What is a possible nega
40、tive effect of olestra according to some critics?A)It may impair the digestive system.B)It may affect the overall fat intake.C)It may increase the risk of cancer.D)It many spoil the consumers appetite.40.Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?A)It may lead to the over-consu
41、mption of vitamins.B)People may be induced to eat more than is necessary.C)The function of the intestines may be weakened.D)It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.2000.121.B 22.A 23.C 24.C 25.D 26.C 27.B 28.A 29.D 30.A31.B 32.C 33.A 34.D 35.B 36.D 37.D 38.A 39.C 40.BPassage OneQuestions 2
42、1 to 25 are based on the following passage:In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell,as European countries began to recover from World War I andinstituted austerity(紧缩)programs to reduce their imports.The result was a sharp drop in farm prices.This period was moredisastrous for farmers tha
43、n earlier times had been,because farmers were no longer self-sufficient.They were paying formachinery,seed,and fertilizer,and they were also buying consumer goods.The prices of the items farmers bought remainedconstant,while prices they received for their products fell.These developments were made w
44、orse by the Great Depression,which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1930sIn 1929,under President Herbert Hoover,the Federal Farm Board was organized.It established the principle of directinterference with supply and demand,and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater
45、economic stability forfarmers.President Hoovers successor attached even more importance to this problem.One of the first measures proposed byPresident Franklin D.Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act,which was subsequentlypassed by Congress.This law was declared u
46、nconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were beingcollected to pay one special group of people.However,new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result ofresting soil and providing flood-control measures,but which were based on the principle of soil conse
47、rvation.The RooseveltAdministration believed that rebuilding the nations soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers atthe expense of other citizens.Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery,hybrid(杂 交)grain,and fertilizers
48、.21.What brought about the decline in the demand for American farm products?A)The impact of the Great Depression.B)The shrinking of overseas markets.C)The destruction caused by the First World War.D)The increased exports of European countries.22.The chief concern of the American government in the ar
49、ea of agriculture in the 1920s was.A)to increase farm productionB)to establish agricultural lawsC)to prevent fanners from going bankruptD)to promote the mechanization of agriculture23.The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to.A)reduce their scale of productionB)make full use of
50、their landC)adjust the prices of their farm productsD)be self-sufficient in agricultural production24.The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adjustment Act because it believed that the Act.A)might cause greater scarcity of farm productsB)didnt give the Secretary of Agriculture enough powerC)wou