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1、4-1Professional EthicsChapter 44-2WhatareEthics?Ethicscanbedefinedbroadlyasasetofmoralprinciplesorvalues.Eachofushassuchasetofvalues.Wemayormaynothaveconsideredthemexplicitly.4-3NeedforEthicsEthicalbehaviorisnecessaryforasocietytofunctioninanorderlymanner.Theneedforethicsinsocietyissufficientlyimpor
2、tantthatmanycommonlyheldethicalvaluesareincorporatedintolaws.4-4WhyPeopleActUnethically4-5PrescribedEthicalPrinciplesExample4-6EthicalDilemmas4-7RationalizingUnethicalBehavior4-8ResolvingEthicalDilemmas4-9ResolvingEthicalDilemmas4-10EthicalDilemmaAstaffpersonhasbeeninformedthathewillworkhourswithout
3、recordingthemashoursworked.Firmpolicyprohibitsthispractice.Anotherstaffpersonhasstatedthatthisiscommonpracticeinthefirm.4-11EthicalDilemmaIsitethicalforthestaffpersontoworkhoursandnotrecordthemashoursworkedinthissituation?Whoisaffected?Howaretheyaffected?Whatalternativesdoesthestaffpersonhave?4-12Sp
4、ecialNeedforEthicalConductinProfessionsOursocietyhasattachedaspecialmeaningtothetermprofessional.Aprofessionalisexpectedtoconducthimselforherselfatahigherlevelthanmostothermembersofsociety.4-13CPAsEncouragedtoConductThemselvesataHighLevelConductofCPAfirmpersonnelCPAexaminationGAASandinterpretationsC
5、ontinuingeducationrequirements4-14CPAsEncouragedtoConductThemselvesataHighLevelConductofCPAfirmpersonnelSECPeerreviewQualitycontrol4-15CPAsEncouragedtoConductThemselvesataHighLevelConductofCPAfirmpersonnelLegalliabilityDivisionofCPAfirmsCodeofProfessionalConduct4-16CodeofProfessionalConductPrinciple
6、sIdealstandardsofethicalconductinphilosophicaltermsTheyarenotenforceable.RulesofconductMinimumstandardsofethicalconductstatedasspecificrulesTheyareenforceable.4-17CodeofProfessionalConductInterpretationoftherulesofconductInterpretationoftherulesofconductbytheAICPADivisionofProfessionalEthicsTheyaren
7、otenforceable,butapractitionermustjustifydeparture.4-18CodeofProfessionalConductEthicalrulingsPublishedexplanationsandanswerstoquestionsabouttherulesofconductsubmittedtotheAICPAbypractitionersandothersinterestedinethicalrequirementsTheyarenotenforceable,butapractitionermustjustifydeparture.4-19Ethic
8、alPrinciples1.ResponsibilitiesProfessionalsshouldexercisesensitiveandmoraljudgmentsinalltheiractivities.Membersshouldaccepttheobligationtoactinawaythatwillserveandhonorthepublic.2.Public Interest4-20EthicalPrinciples3.IntegrityMembersshouldperformallresponsibilitieswithintegritytomaintainpublicconfi
9、dence.Membersshouldbeobjective,independent,andfreeofconflictsofinterest.4.Objectivity and Independence4-21EthicalPrinciples5.Due CareMembersshouldobservetheprofessionsstandardsandstrivetoimprovecompetence.AmemberinpublicpracticeshouldobservetheCode of Professional Conduct.6.Scope and Nature of Servi
10、ces4-22StandardsofConductPrinciplesRulesofconductSubstandardconductIdealconductMinimumLevel4-23RulesofProfessionalConductn Rule101:Independencen Rule102:IntegrityandObjectivityn Rule201:GeneralStandardsn Rule202:CompliancewithStandardsn Rule203:AccountingPrinciplesn Rule301:ConfidentialClientInforma
11、tionn Rule302:ContingentFees4-24RulesofProfessionalConductn Rule501:ActsDiscreditablen Rule502:Advertisingn Rule503:CommissionsandReferralFeesn Rule505:FormofPractice4-25Rule101Independencen Independenceinperformingattestservicesn Requiredbystandardsn Independentinappearanceandfact4-26SECIndependenc
12、en Independenceinfactmentalstateofobjectivityandfreeofbiasn Independenceinappearancereasonableinvestor,withallrelevantfactsandcircumstance,wouldconsidertheauditorcapableofexercisingobjectiveandimpartialjudgmentn Appliestotheauditengagementteam,chainofcommandandimmediatefamily4-27SECRestrictsCertainS
13、ervicesforAuditClientsn Bookkeepingn ITdesignandimplementaionn Appraisal/valuationn Acruarialservicesn InternalAuditn ManagementFunctionn Humanresourcesn Brokerdealerservicesn Legalservices4-28SECDisclosuresn Disclosefeesinproxystatementsn Relatedton Auditfeesn Consultingfeesn Effortstomaintainindep
14、endence4-29ISBIndependenceStandardsBoardn CreatedinresponsetoSECpressuresn Issuedindependencestandardsn Disbandedin2001n MajorContributionsn Auditormustdiscussindependencewithauditcommitteeannuallyn Anyauditorthathasbeenofferedemploymentwithauditclientmustberemovedfromauditandthatportionoftheauditre
15、viewedclosely4-30AICPAInterpretationsn Cannothaveanydirectinterestnoramaterialindirectinterestofaclient.n Canthavealoanfromaclient(exceptionstothisrule)n Nojointbusinessventureswithaclientn Notrusteesituationsincludingwithpensionplansn Cantperforminthecapacityofanemployeeormanagementoftheclient4-31G
16、randfatheredLoansn Loanspriorto1992arepermittedaslongastheclientwasnotaclientatthetime.n Autoloanscollateralizedbytheautoarepermittedn Creditcardandcashadvanceslessthan5000areallowedn Insurancepolicyloansoncashsurrendervaluepermitted4-32OtherRulesonIndependencen Bookkeepingallowedaslongasnotmakingde
17、cisionsforclientn SECdoesnotallowbookkeepingn Litigationbetweenclientandauditorn Formerfirmownerscannotassociatewithclientunlesstiestofirmhavebeenseveredn Canserveasadirectorforcertainorganizationsaslongasitishonorary4-33RulesApplytoMembersn Amemberis:n Individualsontheattestengagementsteamn Individ
18、ualsinpositiontoinfluencetheattestengagementn Allpartnersormanagersthatgiveotherservicestotheattestclientn Allpartnersinofficethatperformsattestengagementn Immediatefamilyofmembersmustalsobeindependentofclient4-34FamilyMemberRulesn Allfamilymembersmustbeindependentofclientfor:n Financialinterestsn E
19、mploymentinauditsensitiveareasn Definedasimmediatefamily4-35Rule102IntegrityandObjectivityn Freeofconflictsofinterestsn Notknowinglymisrepresentfactsn Dontsubordinatejudgment4-36Rule201GeneralStandardsn Professionalcompetence-onlytakejobsprofessionallycompetenttoperformn DueProfessionalcaren Adequat
20、ePlanningandSupervisionn Sufficientrelevantdatatohaveareasonablebasisforopinionorrecommendations4-37Rule202CompliancewithStandardsn MustcomplywiththerelevantAICPAstandardsfortheservicesbeingperformed4-38Rule203AccountingPrinciplesn MembermaynotexpressandopinionthatF/SareaccordancewithGAAPiftheyhavea
21、nymaterialmodificationsfromGAAPn Exception:ifF/SwouldbemisleadingiffollowedGAAPn Describedeparturen Quantifyaffectsn Notereasonsfordeparture4-39Rule301ConfidentialClientInformationn Cantdiscloseclientinformationwithoutconsentofclientn Exceptions:n Doesnotrelieveauditorfromobligationstofollowrules202
22、and203;i.e.discloseGAAPdeparturesinreport.n Responsestosubpoena-noclientattorneyprivilegeinmoststatesn Responsestopeerandqualityreviewsn Responsestoethicscommitteeinquiries4-40Rule302ContingentFeesn Cannotperformanyattestfunctionortaxreturnpreparationbasedoncontingentfeesn Itimpairsobjectivityifyour
23、paidontheoutcomeoftheservice4-41Rule501ActsDiscreditablen Shouldnotdoanyofthese:n Withholdclientsbooksfornonpaymentn Practicediscriminationn Failuretofollowgovernmentstandardswhereapplicablen Makingorallowingotherstomakefalsehoodsinfinancialstatements4-42Rule502AdvertisingandOtherFormsofSolicitation
24、n Nomisleadingadvertisingn Nopromisestogetrefundsorjudgmentsforclientn Noestimatedfeeswhentheyarelikelytocostmore4-43Rule503CommissionsandReferralFeesn Commissionorreferralforrecommendingaproductorservicen Nocommissionsorreferralsallowedn Foraudit,review,compilationsorexaminationclientsn Impairsinde
25、pendencen CPAmustdisclosefeesiftheyarepermitted;notdoingaboveservices4-44Rule505FormofPracticeandNamen Cantbemisleadingn Canusepastownersnamesn CantsayMemberofAICPAunlessallownersaremembers4-45EnforcementofEthicsn AICPAandstatesocietiesJointEthicsEnforcementProgram(JEEP)hearcomplaintsn Outcomesacqui
26、tn Admonish-putinCPAlettern Suspendfromorganizationsforuptotwoyearsorexpeln Felonyjudgmentautomaticexpulsion.4-46StateBoardsn OwnethicsrulesthatfollowtheAICPA.n Violatorscouldbeadmonished,suspendedorlosetheirlicensetopractice.n SECandIRSviolationscouldcausefinancialpenaltiesandorjailtime.4-47End of Chapter 44-48演讲完毕，谢谢观看！