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1、IV.Materials1.ReferenceBooksJohnJ.Macionis.Sociology.PearsonEducationIV.Materials1.ReferenceBooksDavidG.Myers.Social Psychology.McGraw-HillSyllabus,p.84,T93Itisprimarilythroughouridentificationwithsocialgroupsthatwedefineourselves.-identification:culture/socialization-socialgroups-define/definitionI
2、dentification:CultureCulturev.sNatureVisibleCulture.InvisibleCultureVisibleCulture:symbols,language,artsandtechnologyInvisibleCulture:valueandbelief,normsAmishSyllabus,p.84,T93Itisprimarilythroughouridentificationwithsocialgroupsthatwedefineourselves.-socialgroupsSocial Groups:Agents of Socializatio
3、nFamilyReligionPeerGroupEducationEconomicsystemsLegalsystemsandPenalsystemsPsychiatrichospitalsMassmediaSyllabus,p.84,T93Itisprimarilythroughouridentificationwithsocialgroupsthatwedefineourselves.-definitionDefinition:The Key Value of U.S.CultureEqualopportunityAchievementandsuccessMaterialcomfortAc
4、tivityandworkPracticalityandefficiencyScienceDemocracyandfreeenterpriseFreedomRacismandgroupsuperioritySyllabus,p.84,T230Themosteffectivewaytounderstandcontemporarycultureistoanalyzethetrendsofitsyouth.-contemporaryculture-trendofitsyouth?Contemporary CultureGemeinschaft(community)v.s.GesellschaftTh
5、ecityisasettingwithalarge,dense,andsociallydiversepopulation.Thesetraitsresultinanimpersonal,superficial,andtransitorywayoflife.Livingamongmillionsothers,urbanitescomeintocontactwithothersnotintermsofwhotheyarebutwhattheydo.Selfinterestratherthanfriendshipisusuallythemainreasonforinteraction.Syllabu
6、s,p.84,T230Themosteffectivewaytounderstandcontemporarycultureistoanalyzethetrendsofitsyouth.-trendofitsyouth?No Pants Subway RideCharlie Todd and his Improv EverywherePranksters Best Buy MissionPranksters Best Buy MissionPranksters Best Buy MissionSyllabus,p.90,T52Onecanbestunderstandthemostimportan
7、tcharacteristicsofasocietybystudyingitsmajorcities.-characteristicofasociety-citySyllabus,p.90,T52Onecanbestunderstandthemostimportantcharacteristicsofasocietybystudyingitsmajorcities.-characteristicofasociety?Sociologyp.678Syllabus,p.90,T52Onecanbestunderstandthemostimportantcharacteristicsofasocie
8、tybystudyingitsmajorcities.-cityGhettoGraffiti or Vandalism?Art Crimes?Rem KoolhaasSyllabus,p.90,T198Inorderforanyworkofartwhetherfilm,literature,sculpture,orasonghavemerit,itmustbeunderstandabletomostpeople.-art-merit-mostpeople Mosaic Artsyllabus p.88,T36Governmentshouldfocusonsolvingtheimmediatep
9、roblemsoftodayratherthanontryingtosolvetheanticipatedproblemsofthefuture.-immediateproblems-anticipateproblems-governmentLandfillLandfillpollutegroundwaterEPA(EnvironmentalProtectionAgency)hasidentified30,000dumpsitesacrosstheUnitedStatescontaininghazardmaterialsTiresanddiapersdonotdecomposebutremai
10、nasanunwelcomelegacyforfuturegeneration.factoriesandtrashsitesalwayswiththepoorandpeopleofcolorsyllabus p.92,T101Atvarioustimesinthegeologicalpast,manyspecieshavebecomeextinctasaresultofnatural,ratherthanhuman,processes.Thus,thereisnojustificationforsocietytomakeextraordinaryefforts,especiallyatagre
11、atcostinmoneyandjobs,tosaveendangeredspecies.BiodiversityvariedsourceofhumanfoodgeneticresourceforpharmaceuticalproductionthebeautyandcomplexityoflifetheextinctionisirreversibleandfinalBald Eaglesyllabusp.91,T122Thewell-beingofsocietyisenhancedwhenmanyofitspeoplequestionauthority.Authority Legitimat
12、e,not CoerciveTraditionalauthorityRational-legalauthorityCharismaticauthoritysyllabus p.85,T108Itisoftenassertedthatthepurposeofeducationistofreethemindandthespirit.Inreality,however,formaleducationtendstorestrainourmindsandspiritratherthansetthemfree.The Positive Functions of SchoolingSocialization
13、CulturalinnovationSocialintegrationSocialplacementSocialcapitalfromalumniChildcareforone-parentandtwo-careerfamiliesLowerjoblessrateMarriageBureaucracy in EducationHugeeducationalfactoriesRigiduniformityNumericalratingRigidexpectationSpecializationShufflingRankingThe Negative Functions of Schoolings
14、yllabus p.85,T14Collegestudentsshouldbasetheirchoiceofafieldofstudyontheavailabilityofjobsinthatfield.EducationMenWomenProfessionaldegree$100,000$75,036Doctorate82,40168,875Masters71,53051,316Bachelors57,22041,6811-3yearsofcollege41,89530,8164yearsofhighschool35,75226,0299-11yearsofschool26,27719,1620-8yearsofschool21,65917,023