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1、在学习英语词汇中，有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的，我们一般从三方面进行区分，即：语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分；语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分：文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。1.路way:Wherever there is room for an object to proceed,there is a way.road:A road is a prepared way for traveling with horses or vehicles.path:A way suitable to be traveled only by fo
2、ot passengers or by animals.route:A route is a line of travel,and may be over many roads.street:A street is in some centre of habitation,as a city town or village,when it passes between houses ofdwellings.avenue:A avenue is a long,broad and imposing（庄严）or principal street.2.时代（期）（时期）period:It indica
3、tes any passage of time,great or small,/an extent of time of any length.（时代）time（s）:It refers to a period in history,in ancient times/in Victoria time（新时代）epoch:It indicates a long period of time marked by events or development of a particular kind.The first flight into space marked a new epoch in t
4、he history of mankind.（纪元）era:It refers to a very long period of time marked by a particular feature in a great new era of world revolution（时期）age:It shows a particular/a fairly definite period in history,the Bronze Age,Iron Age3.战斗（打仗）fight:It is a bodily struggle（奋斗 斗争）struggle:An effort of any ki
5、nd to overcome difficulty.（战斗）battle:A fight between armed forces.（战役）campaign:A series of related military operations in a war.（战争）war:A period of fight between countries or states when weapons are used and many people are killed.（对抗）combat:A fight,conflict,controversy.4.牧师（教士牧师）#priest:A person,es
6、p.a man specially trained for various religious duties and ceremonies,in the Christian church,esp.in the Roman Catholic church（牧师）minister:A member of clergy,esp.Protestant churches.（牧师）clergy（pl）:The officially appointed leader of the religious activities of a particular church or temple.clergyman:
7、clergymen（pl）a member of clergy.（牧师）pastor:A Christian religious leader in charge of a church and its members,esp.in a Protestant church.（教区牧师）vicar:A priest in charge of an area（parish）in the church of England.father:A little of respect for a priest,esp.in the Roman Catholic.5.服装clothing（collect）:（
8、fml）General term of clothes.clothes（no single）:Coverings of the body such as coats,dresses,suits,shoes,hats.garnient（fl）:A suit of clothes used by actors./a single article of clothing.costume:1）The fashion of dress peculiar to a people,nation,class,period,etc.2）A dress worn by actors in a play,unifo
9、rm:worn by all members of the community,dress:1）A kind of outer garment worn by women（连衣裙）.2）worn on special occasions（礼服）evening dress/morning dresssuit:A set of outer clothes to be worn together,evening suit/swimming suitcoat:A garment with sleeves worn on top of other clothes from rain,heat,etc.o
10、vercoat:A warn coat worn in the street.6.哭cry:The most general one.（哭泣）weep:To let flow tears.（抽泣 抽嗒）sob:To weep or sigh with short quick breaths.（哭天抹泪 涕泪交流）snivel:To sniffle and cry in a irritating manner.（哭嚎 又哭又闹）blubber:To cry loudly noisily.（发出低声报怨声）whine:To make a low complaining cry.（嚎哭）bawl:T
11、o utter loud cries（always in bad sense）.（痛哭）wail:lb cry aloud from pain or sorrow.（呻吟）moan:To make a low,miserable sound in pain or sorrow.（呻吟）grown:To make a low sound of pain,unhappiness or disapproval（哀悼）mourn:To feel or show sadness or sorrow fbr someone who has died.（哀悼）lament:lb express great
12、sorrow or regret.7.美丽漂亮good-looking:Having an attractive appearance in a strong,healthy way used for men and women not things,beautiful:（a woman or a thing）Suggesting symmetry of features or perfection of proportion,elegance andmobility.beautiful flowers,a beautiful girl/voice/city/face beautiful we
13、ather.handsome:Of attractive appearance applies to men.a handsome fellow/actor/horse/buildings/young man.pretty:（a girl,or a small thing）Suggesting liveliness and sweetness,pleasing or nice to look at.a pretty littlewoman/garden,a pretty girl/picture/piece of music,lovely:（something）So beautiful tha
14、t it makes you feel good to look at it or even to think about it.The gardenlooks lovely.fair:Beautiful（of woman in poet）light in color esp.,skin hair,gorgeous:（persons or things）（inf）Extremely beautiful or handsome.8.拉拖pull:The most general one.draw:It implies a smoother,steadier motion and generall
15、y a lighter force than pull.drag:It usually refers to horizontal motion or motion up an incline（slope）and it suggests laborious efforts overrough ground or against friction,resistance or gravity.The escaped prisoner was dragged out of his hiding place,haul:It implies continuous pulling or dragging o
16、f heavy or bulky objects.The fisherman is hauling a net.tug:It applies to hard often sudden violent effort to pull.He tugged at my sleeve to ask directions.jerk:lb pull suddenly.He jerked out the knife that was stuck in the wound,tow:To pull by a rope or chain.We towed the car to the nearest garage.
17、wrench:To pull hard with a twisting or turning movement.9.旋转 turn:The most general one.（自转）spin:To turn quickly around a central point.It emphasizes the continuity of the action,and usually thenarrow extent of the circular motion.The wheel is spinning on its axis.（急转）whirl:To round very fast.It impl
18、ies the lock of conscious control.（转动）rotate:To turn round a fixed point with a circular movement.The earth rotates once every 24 hours.（绕转）revolve:To turn or move in a circle around a central point.It indicates circular or elliptical（椭圆）movement.The planets revolve around the sun.10.生气气愤anger:The m
19、ost general one.（易怒）be cross:Feeling easy to get angry.（愤慨）indignation:（fml）Anger.It stresses righteous anger at what one considers unfair,mean or shameful.We expressed our indignation at the ruthless exploitation.（愤怒）wrath:Very treat anger,（literary）It suggests a desire on intent to revenge or puni
20、sh.（狂怒）rage:Wild,violent anger.It suggests loss of self-control from violence of emotion.in a rage/to fall into arage.（暴怒）fury:Violent,extreme and destructive anger.She flew into a fury.IL错误（误会）mistake:A wrong thought,act.It implies carelessness.Anyone can make a mistake.（过错 弱点）fault:A bad point,but
21、 not of a serious moral kind.It refers to behavior and character.His only faultis that he lacks ambition.find fault with sb/at faultshortcoming:weakness,failing;It refers to failures or deficiencies in things as well as people.In spite of all her shortcomings I still think shes one of the best teach
22、ers in the school.（疏忽）error:A mistake（formal sometimes literary）It implies deviation from a standard or modelThe accident was caused by human error.（缺点 毛病）defect:sth lacking or imperfect.It refers to quality.The radio was returned because of a defect.（失误 过失）blunder:A very stupid or unnecessary mista
23、ke.Il implies ignorance.This is the fatal blunder of his life.12.图画picture:The most general one.（彩图）painting:pictures with color.（绘画 图画）drawing:A picture made with a pen,pencil and crayon.Sketch,diagrams and graphs are alldrawings.（草图）sketch:A rough not detailed drawing.（图解 图表）diagram:A drawing,figu
24、re that shows the arrangement of something.（曲线图）graph:A diagram in which a straight line,curved,or zigzag line shows how two sets of numbers ormeasurements are related.（插图）illustration:A picture to go with words of a book.（图样 草图）draft:The first rough written form of anything.（平面图）plan:A line drawing
25、 of a building as it might been seen from above.（主视图）elevation:Aflat upright side of a building.（海图）chart:A map esp.a detailed map of a sea area.13.特别（专门的,与众不同的）special:Different in some way from what is common,ordinary,or usual.It stresses havinga quality,character,identity,or use of its own.The tu
26、be contains special gases.（特别的）especial:（fml）To an usually great degree,exceptional;It emphasizes the importance of the things or thepersons mentioned;This is a matter of especial importance.（个别的）particular:Relating or belonging to only one thing or person.It stresses the distinctness of something a
27、sanindividual which is worth notice.In that particular case,the rule doesnt hold.（适用）（特种的）specific:Detailed and exact,clear in meaning and explanation,fixed,determined.（used in scientificarticles）It implies a quality or character distinguishing a kind or a species.He gave me a very specific instruct
28、ion.There is a specific tool for each job.（独特的）peculiar:Strange or perhaps unpleasant.It implies strangeness.He has a peculiar way of speaking.14.取消消灭（取消 解除）cancel:To give up,to declare something is to be effective.He has cancelled his leave of absence.（消假）（废除 废止）abolish:To do away with.It refers to
29、 practices,social institutions.Bad customs should be abolished.（消灭 排除）eliminate:To get rid of.We should eliminate the false and retain the true.（撤消 废除）repeal:To bring to an end of the effect of a law or an order.Some laws should be repealed.（根除 消灭）exterminate:lb destroy completely and wholly.Colonia
30、lism must be exterminated.15.破碎break:The most general one.（压碎 压破）crush:To press together violently as to break,to destroy its shape by squeezing it.It suggests theeffect of great external pressure.The tree fell on top of the car and crushed it.（打碎）smash:To break thoroughly to pieces with a crushing
31、sound.She dropped the plate and smashed it.（打裂）crack:To break without separation of parts.It suggests the breaking out across a surface.He cracked thewindow by leaning against it.（破裂）burst:lb break open by pressure from within.The fireworks burst while they were in the air.（砸碎 破碎）shatter:To break in
32、to pieces.It suggests the breaking up of a thin surface.The glass was shattered topieces.（撞坏）crash:To refer to the vehicle which hits something and is badly damaged.16.环境形势（环境 形势）conditions:The location and other factors likely to affect it.It suggests something that has stayed thesame fbr some time
33、 and which affects daily life such as food,work,and houses.Wc arc now studying theeconomic conditions in the developing countries.（形势）situation:A position or state at a particular time,set of conditions,facts,and events having an effect on aperson,society,etc.It suggests more general matters such as
34、 government planning and finance.The politicalsituation in these countries arc always changing.（环境 周围 夕 卜 界）environment:The circumstances,things and conditions that influence you.It refers to spiritaspect,physical aspect and material aspect.We must try to beautify our environment.（形势 情况）circumstance
35、（s）:A situation or event around us,a certain kind of atmosphere,the conditions thataffect what happens,in（under）the circumstances（环境 周围事物）surrounding（s）:The area and environment around a place or person.It indicates a very narrowcondition,physically sometimes reflects spiritual aspect.They lived in
36、hostile surroundings.17.著名的well-known:（infl）famous:The most general one.widely known or honored.（杰出的 知名的）distinguished:Great,outstanding marked by excellent quality or deserved fame,used especiallyof people who are famous for serious work in science,the arts etc.He was a distinguished writer.（驰名的）ce
37、lebrated:Famous,（substitute for renowned）It refers objectively to sb or something that has been giveacclaim or honoured with awards or prizes.She was a celebrated actress.renowned:Highly honored and famous for something good,often refers to places or things,also II suggestssomething that has become
38、legendary or is no longer available fbr an objective evaluation.Edison was renownedfor his inventions.noted:Well-known and admired It often describes a more intellectual kind of effort and accomplishmentindicating an authority or expert or their theories.Maybe it is not widely known to the general p
39、ublic.He was avery noted expert.（臭名昭著）notorious:Famous for something bad.He is notorious fbr his crimes.18.强盗thief:The most general one.（强盗）robber:It suggests a direct confrontation in which the owner is forced to give up his valuables.（行凶强劫）mugger:A person who attacks and robs people in a street or
40、 in a lift.burglar:A person who breaks into a house at night to steal something.（歹徒 暴徒）gangster:A member of a group of criminals,esp.those who are armed and use guns to threaten.（匪徒）bandit:an armed robber.It suggests an organized group in a rural setting.（土匪）brigand:A robber who lives by robbing tra
41、velers in the country.（海盗）pirate:A person who robs on the sea.19.摇动，颤动shake:The most general one.to move up and down or back and forth.It refers to persons or things.（发抖）quiver:To tremble a little.It suggests a rapid but invisible vibration.His lips quivered with emotion.（颤抖）tremble:lb shake uncontr
42、ollably and slightly as from fear,cold,excitement etc.It implies uneasiness andnervousness.Her voice trembled as she began to sing.（瞬间发抖）shiver:To tremble from fear or cold.It suggests a slight and rapid movement.He stood shivering inthe snow.（极度颤动）quake:to shake or tremble violently.It suggests a m
43、ore violent and sudden change.He quaked withexcitement.An explosion cam make the ground quake.（抽筋般颤动）shudder:To shake uncontrollably for a movement.It suggests a more intense shaking.Sheshuddered at the sight of a snake.20.说话谈话（说话）speak:To use your voice to say words.（说）say:To speak words.（发出声音）utte
44、r:To make sound and say words.drawl:lb speak in a slow,prolonged manner.mutter:To express displeasure with compressed lips.rave:To talk in an angry,uncontrolled way.gabble:To talk rapidly,making inarticulate sounds.（谈论）remark:lb mention it or comment on it.（陈述）state:To say,express or put into words,
45、esp.formally.He stated his view.（讲述）narrate:lb tell formally in writing or speech or describe something in order with intonation.He narratedhis adventure in the forest.（详述）relate:To tell formally in details,to give an account of.He related his experiences.（讲演）address:To say in speech or writing to a
46、 person or group.tell:To let people know about something.talk:To say things to someone.converse:To talk formally.The scholars are conversing with each other on linguistics.chat:Tb talk in a friendly,familiar,informal manner.The two friends sat in a corner and chatted.chatter:To talk continuously rap
47、idly about small things.The schoolgirls went along chattering.whisper:Tb talk in a low voice.She whispered me not to talk so loudly.murmur:lb make a soft sound,esp.to speak or say in a quiet voice.He often murmurs to himself.（闲谈）gossip:lb talk about the details of other peoples actions and private l
48、ives which may not correct or proper.That woman is very fond of gossiping about others.stammer:Tb speak with pauses and repeated sounds because of excitement,embarrassment.stutter:To speak with pauses and repeated sounds because of inherent speech defect.21.事情，事件（事）thing:An event,a fact,a subject.He
49、 talked of many interesting things.（事情）matter:Seth that you have to deal with,something to be discussed,thought over.There are several mattersto be dealt with at the meeting.（事务 责任）business:A special duty,something that has to be done.Public business is every ones business.（事务）affair:An event or set
50、 of connected events,（pl）private and personal life.1 have many affairs to look after.（事件）event:An important happening.Events such as birthdays and anniversaries are often celebrated.Do youknow the chief events of 1986.incident:Not as important as an event.Incidents seldom are celebrated.Sometimes an