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1、北京市朝阳区高三年级第二学期质量检测一英语（考试时间90分钟满分100分）本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。I grasped a sandwich as I tried to finish my work during lunch. My company, like many companies, had 1 costs by not replacing people as the
2、y left. The survivors had to take up the work. For me and my coworkers, this meant no lunch hour. 1 wanted to quit, but given the economy, it was hard to find another job. I felt2 . Then a conversation with a six-year-old girl changed my 3.The young girl was standing in line with her mom at the supe
3、rmarket.“Good day at school?, I asked.A nod.Whats your favorite subject?“Lunch.”I smiled. That had been my 4 too. At lunch, I could talk with my friends, draw pictures or play games. There were no adults to tell me what to do. The time was mine.But what happened to lunch time now?I knew I was entitl
4、ed to a lunch break at work. So I decided to 5 it. Our office was located in the downtown and I set out to 6 the area. A few blocks away was an art museum with free admission. At the end of another street, I was surprised to discover some horses eating grass in a field.At the beginning of my tours d
5、uring lunch, I received some 7 stares from my co-workers, but I chose to ignore them. In fact, I watched in amazement that some of them started to 8 their work during lunch.9 . we started inviting each other out for walks and discovered we had other topics of conversation beyondthe common complaints
6、 about work.Im still looking fbr a new position, but with less anxiety than before. If we cant change our 10. wecan change our attitude.1. A. countedB. cutC. paidD. raisedstone glided （滑行），brought me fantastic feelings-and still does.（让他们在水面上跳舞是一种满足。石头滑过的那一段完美的飞掠，给我带来了奇妙的感觉一一现在仍然如此。）可知，作者小时候喜欢撇石头是因为
7、 石头滑过带来的满足感。故选C项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段I returned to the 2018 championship, hoping for a champion.（我重返 2018 年的 锦标赛，希望能获得冠军）和倒数第二段uthe feeling of winning made a decision for me.（胜利的感觉让 我做了一个决定）可知，对胜利的渴望帮助作者赢得了每一个冠军。故选B项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 Im a big believer in giving things a go. Tm 42, and to become a w
8、orld champion at this stage is pretty left-field. It showed me it was worth jumping in the car that day-and proof that a childhood spent throwing muddy stones from beaches wasnt wasted. ” （我坚信凡事都要试一试。我已经 42 岁了，在这 个阶段成为世界冠军是相当不可能的。它告诉我，那天跳进车里是值得的，也证明了从海滩上扔泥石的童 年没有浪费。）可知，短文叙述了作者小时候撇石头的经历帮助作者获得了很多锦标赛大奖
9、。所以能推理 出更大的舞台已经为那些敢于尝试的人准备好了。故选C项。CClown fish live their adult lives in the protective arms of sea anemones, the small brightly colored sea animals attached onto rocks to house clown fish. Between birth and adulthood, however, the fish have to complete a treacherousjourney. After hatching, they swim
10、 out to the open sea to finish developing. After maturing, the young fish swim back, during which they have to avoid a wall of mouths“ by sensing the unfriendly smells. With ocean acidification, a trend that is occurring worldwide, scientists began to wonder what might happen to fishs sense of smell
11、.My team put 300 recently hatched clown fish in our lab. When we introduced a friendly fish odor （气味），they did not react. But when we introduced an enemy odor, they swam away. We then repeated the experiment with 300 new hatchlings from the same parents in the more acidic water-a level we can expect
12、 by the year 2100 if current trends continue. When we introduced friendly and unfriendly smells at the same time, the fish seemed unable to make up their minds, spending equal time swimming toward one smell and the other. They could sense chemical signals but couldnt recognize the meaning of them.It
13、 is always tricky to say that behaviors seen in a lab would also be seen in the wild. So we went to a sandy lake near one of the Great Barrier Reefs northern islands to test how wild-caught damselfish would react to enemy smells after exposing them to acidic water. In a tank, about half of them held
14、 in water with acidity expected by 2050 were attracted to the unfriendly odor and half were not, yet not one held in water anticipated by 2100 avoided being attracted to the enemy odor. We then let the marked damselfish loose in the lake. The fish once held in the most acidic water swam farther away
15、 from their protective home. Can fish adapt? Most studies have habituated fish to lifted acidic conditions over a few days or months-an extremely short length of time. The animals are not given a realistic opportunity to adapt. Yet some scientists thought that fish might escape the anger of ocean ac
16、idification, in part because early research done in the 1980s showed that certain animals had an astonishing ability to regulate their internal chemistry to survive acidified water. But maintaining normal functions such as avoiding danger is a different challenge.At a minimum, confusion could place
17、yet another stressor on fish already challenged by rising water temperatures, overfishing, etc. Further, if many ocean creatures start to behave strangely, entire food webs and ecosystems could come crashing down. Although the science is still new, the results appear to be lining up: ocean acidifica
18、tion is messing with fishs minds.27. What does the underlined word treacherous“ in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Risky.B. Hurried.C. Mysterious.D. Helpless.28. What can we learn about the fish in the acidic water?A. They lost their senses to chemical signals.B. They were less likely to respond to thr
19、eats.C. Their behavior in the lab disappeared in the wild.D. They tended to seek the protection from their home.29. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The authors study confirms previous findings.B. Fishs adaptation to acidic water is a matter of time.C. Different fishes behave differently to
20、acidity change.D. The chances of restoring fishs minds are yet to be seen.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. What Do Different Stressors Do to Ocean Creatures?B. What Does Ocean Acidity Mean to Ocean Creatures?C. How Does Ocean Acidification Destroy the Ecosystem?D
21、. How Do Ocean Creatures Adapt to Ocean Acidification?【答案】27. A 28. B 29. D 30. B【解析】【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章通过科研团队对小丑鱼和小热带鱼的实验和研究，说明了海洋酸化正在搅 乱海洋生物的思维，对它们产生了较大的影响。【27题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段 “ After hatching, they swim out to the open sea to finish developing. After maturing, the young fish swim back, during which the
22、y have to avoid a wall of mouths“ by sensing the unfriendly smells. ”（孵化后，它们游到大海中完成发育。成年后，幼鱼会游回来，在此期间，它们必须通过感知不友好的气 味来避开“口墙”可知，小丑鱼出生后要独自去大海中生活，成年后才能回来，这期间随时都有被其 他生物吃掉的可能，有着较大的风险，可谓是一场有风险的旅程。故划线词treacherous表示有风险 的”。故选A。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“When we introduced friendly and unfriendly smells at the same t
23、ime, the fish seemed unable to make up their minds, spending equal time swimming toward one smell and the other. They could sense chemical signals but couldnt recognize the meaning of them.n （当我们同时引入友好和不友好的气味时,鱼 似乎无法下定决心，花同样的时间游向一种气味和另一种气味。他们可以感知化学信号，但不能识别它们 的意义。）可知，鱼在酸性水中，不太能识别不友好的具有威胁性的气味。故选B。【29题
24、详解】推理判断题。 根据第三段“But maintaining normal functions such as avoiding danger is a different challenge.v （但维持正常功能，如避免危险则是另一种挑战。）和最后一段“Although the science is still new, the results叩pear to be lining up: ocean acidification is messing with fisFTs minds.（虽然这门科学还是新兴的，但结果 似乎是一致的：海洋酸化正在扰乱鱼类的思维。）可知，海洋酸化正在扰乱鱼的思
25、维，使鱼很难避免危 险，所以恢复鱼的思维的可能性还有待观察。故选D。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段 u With ocean acidification, a trend that is occurring worldwide, scientists began to wonder what might happen to fishs sense of smell.” （随着全球范围内海洋酸化的趋势，科学家们开始想知 道鱼类的嗅觉会发生什么。）和最后一段 u Although the science is still new, the results appear to be linin
26、g up: ocean acidification is messing with fishs minds. （虽然这门科学还是新兴的，但结果似乎是一致的：海洋 酸化正在扰乱鱼类的思维。）及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了海洋酸化对海洋生物产生的影响。故选 BoDA snake-robot designer, a technologist, an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room. The journalist turns to the crowd and asks: Should we build house
27、s on the ocean? Like a think-tank panel, members of the team dream up far-out answers to the crucial problem, such as self-driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.The setting is X, the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year, in areas r
28、anging from clean energy to artificial intelligence. Although only a tiny percentage become “projects“ with far-reaching creativity, these projects exist, ultimately, to change the world, like Waymo, the biggest self-driving-car company. In the past 60 years, something strange has happened. As the a
29、cademic study of creativity has thrived （蓬勃发展）,the label innovation may have covered every tiny change of a soda can or a toothpaste flavor, but the rate of productivity growth has been mostly declining since the 1970s. John Fernald, an economist, points out that the notable exception to the post-19
30、70 decline in productivity occurred when businesses throughout the economy finally figured out the breakthrough technology-information technology. John Fernald says, Its possible that productivity took off, because we picked all the low-hanging fruit from the IT wave. Actually, the world economy con
31、tinues to harvest the benefits of IT. But where will the next technology shock come from?Breakthrough technology results from two distinct activities-invention and innovation. Invention is typically the work of scientists and researchers in labs, while innovation is an invention put to commercial us
32、e. Seldom do the two activities occur successfully under the same roof. They tend to thrive in opposite conditions; while competition and consumer choice encourage innovation, invention has historically progressed in labs that are protected from the pressure to generate profit.Allowing well-funded a
33、nd diverse teams to try to solve big problems is what gave us the computer and the Internet. Today, we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research, while complaining about the harvest. Companies are really good at combining existing breakthroughs in ways that cons
34、umers like. But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists, not the rush to market,“ says Jon Gertner, the author of The Idea Factory.Technology is a tall tree, John Fernald said. But planting the seeds of invention and harvesting the fruit of innovation are entirely distinct skills,
35、 often mastered by different organizations and separated by many years. As for me, both of them are essential for technology, although they are relatively independent. I dont think X is a planter or a harvester, actually. It is like building taller ladders. Nobody knows for sure what, if anything, t
36、he employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders. But theyre reaching. At least someone is.31. What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs?A. To present the process of group discussion. B. To illustrate Xs worry about big problems.C. To reveal the importance of the cra
37、zy ideas.D. To stress the varied backgrounds of the team.32. What can we learn from the passage?A Breakthroughs must stand the test of the market.B. Innovation on necessities can promote productivity.C. Invention develops slowly under the pressure of profit.D. The harvest of innovation lies in some
38、ambitious research.33. Regarding John Fernalds view on technology, the author is.A. supportiveB. cautiousC. uncertainD. critical34. What can be inferred about X from the passage?A. It will focus on innovation.B. It will have its outcome soon.C. It may give in to its fruitless reality.D. It may bring
39、 an encouraging outlook.【答案】31.C32. D 33. A 34. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在X背景下发明和创新会带来令人鼓舞的前景。31题详解】推理判断题。根据第段 u A snake-robot designer, a technologist, an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room. The journalist turns to the crowd and asks: Should we build houses on the ocean? Like
40、 a thinktank panel, members of the team dream up far-out answers to the crucial problem, such as self-driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.（一个蛇机器人设计师，一个技术专家，一 个超维物理学家和一个记者走进一个房间。记者转向人群问道：我们应该在海洋上盖房子吗？就像一个智 库小组一样，该团队的成员为这个关键问题想出了超乎想象的答案，比如可以在沿海城市中心一个接
41、一个 停放的自动驾驶住宅单元）”以及第二段 “The setting is X, the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year, in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence. Although only a tiny percentage become “projects“ with far-reaching creativity, these projects exist, ultimately, to change the world,
42、 like Waymo, the biggest self-driving-car company.（背景是X,这家企业每年会考虑100多个创意，涉及的领域从清洁能源到人工智 能。虽然只有一小部分成为具有深远创造力的“项目”，但这些项目的存在最终将改变世界，就像最大的 自动驾驶汽车公司Waym。一样）”可知，前两段的主要目的是揭示疯狂想法的重要性。故选C项。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段 “Today, we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research, while com
43、plaining about the harvest.（今天，我们在抱怨收获的同时，没有注意播下这种雄心勃勃的 研究的种子）”和 “But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists, not the rush to market（但这些 突破来自耐心和好奇的科学家，而不是急于上市）可知”，创新的收获在于一些雄心勃勃的研究。故选A 项。【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “As for me, both of them are essential for technology, although they are
44、relatively independent. I dont think X is a planter or a harvester, actually. It is like building taller ladders. Nobody knows for sure what, if anything, the employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders. But theyre reaching. At least someone is.（对我来说，这两者对于技术来说都是必不可少的，尽管它们相对独立
45、。事实 上，我不认为X是种植者或者收割者。这就像建造更高的梯子。没有人确切地知道，如果有的话，这些 企业的员工会在这些梯子上发现什么。但是他们在努力。至少有人是）”可推知，关于约翰费尔纳德对 技术的看法，作者是支持的。故选A项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“The setting is X, the enterprise which considers more than 100 ideas each year, in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence. Although only a tiny per
46、centage become projects” with far-reaching creativity, these projects exist, ultimately, to change the world, like Waymo, the biggest self-drivingcarcompany.（背景是X,这家企业每年会考虑100多个创意，涉及的领域从清洁能源到人工智能。虽然只有一小部分成为具有深远创造力的“项目”，但这些项目的存在最终将改变世界，就像最大的自动驾驶汽 车公司Waymo一样）”可知，X可能会带来令人鼓舞的前景。故选D项。第二节（共5小题海小题2分，共10分）根
47、据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Once upon a time we were all question-asking experts. We started asking our parents numerous questions as kids. By preschool, our inquiries even reached the depths of science, philosophy, and the social order. Where does the sun go at night? Why
48、doesnt that man have a home like we do? Why do rocks sink but ice floats? 35Why does the childs urge to ask questions grow inactive in so many adults? An important factor is how the social environments surrounding us change as we age. Schools transform from a place for asking questions to one funded
49、 by our ability to answer them. 36 And we recognize that society rewards the people who proposeto have the answers.37 We can be braver about asking questions in public and encouraging others to pursue their curiosity, too. In that encouragement, we help create an environment where those around us feel safe to ask que