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1、专题四动词和动词短语真题试做(A) 1. (2018 宜宾中考)My sisterbe lazy. But now shes working real 1 y hard.A. used to B. is used toC. was used to D. was used(B)2. (2018 重庆中考 B 卷)Pleasethe TV. Its time to go to bed.A. turn on B. turn off C. put on D. put off(C)3. (2018 新疆维吾尔自治区中考)一Wow! Your sweater is very beautiful! How
2、much is it?一Thank you.It me 30 dollars.A. spend B. paid C.(B)4. (2018 天津中考)I am afraid we can not to take a taxi. Let, s go byunderground instead.(D)5. (2018 宜昌中考)一A research suggests that walking helps people live longer.-I quite agree, but it on when and how they walk.C. returns D. depends考向归结通过以上
3、五个题的观察,并结合各地多年中考考点的设置,动词考查的方面有动词的词义 辨析和短语动词等(动词的其他考点见后续专题)。题型设置方面，主要趋向于单项选择、完形 填空、综合填空和写作。考点突破高频考点/动词的形式及分类1 .动词的基本形式(1)动词原形,如：play, talk, write 等。(2)动词的第三人称单数,如:plays, writes, studies, watches 等。(3)动词的现在分词，如:playing, talking, writing 等。(4)动词的过去式,如：played, wrote, began等。(5)动词的过去分词,如：written, begun等。
4、2 .动词的分类(1)按照动词的语法功能通常分为四类：实义动词，如：play, talk, write, shop 等。助动词，如:do, did, have等。连系动词，简称系动词,用于连接主语和表语。系动词不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起 构成系表结构。常见系动词有：be, stay, keep, remain, feel, look, sound, taste, smell, become, get, turn, go 等。(2)按照能否与一段时间搭配,通常分为延续性动词和非延续性动词,它的用法主要体现在 完成时态中。如：I have had this bike for 3 years.这
5、辆自行车我已经用了三年了。(had为have)的过 去分词,为延续性动词)I borrowed this book from Tina yesterday.我昨天从蒂娜那里借了这本书。(borrow 为非延续性动词)(3)实义动词按照是否直接接宾语分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后必须接宾语,有被动语态。如：Mary often washes clothes.-被动语态：The clothes are often washed by Mary.玛 丽经常洗衣服。不及物动词不能直接接宾语,无被动语态；不及物动词要接宾语需要借助介词,形成动介 短语,形成动介短语后,有被动语态，但一定要注意保留介
6、词。如：Lily laughed, (laugh为不及物动词)莉莉笑了。Lily laughed at me. (laugh需借助介词at,形成动介短语laugh at才能接宾语me)被 动语态：I was laughed at by Lily.我被莉莉嘲笑了。局频考点2动词词义辨析1. arrive, reach 与 get三者都可表示“到达”的意思。区别为:airiv。in +大地点,arrive at +小地点；reach 为及物动词，即reach +地点；get to+地点；当它们接的地点为地点副词(here, there, home) 时，介词省略。如：When did you ar
7、rive in Beijing? =When did you get to Beijing? =When did you reach Beijing?你什么时候到达北京？How do you get there? =How do you arrive there? =How do you reach there? 你 怎么到那里的？2. borrow, lend 与 keepborrow相对主语而言为借入，常用短语:borrow sb. sth. /borrow sth. from sb.意为“向 某人借某物；lend相对主语而言为借出，常用短语：lend slh. to sb./lend s
8、b. slh.意为“把某物借给某人；keep意为“保存：借”，为延续性动词，表示“长时间地借”。如：I borrowed a book from the school library yesterday.昨天我从图书馆借了一本书。Can you lend your pen to me?你能把你的钢笔借给我吗？How long can we keep the book?我们能借这本书多久？3. dress, put on 与 weardress sb.给某人穿衣服打扮某人；put on强调穿的动作，意为“穿上；戴上；wear “穿 戴”，表状态，与“be in”同义。如:The boy dres
9、sed himself quickly.男孩快速地穿上了衣服。Jim put on his coat and went out.吉姆穿上外套出去了。Lily is wearing a red skirt today.莉莉今天穿着一条红裙子。4. see, look, watch 与 readsee指看的结果，也可指看电影；look指看的动作，不及物动词，后需接介词at才能加宾语; watch指看比赛、电视等;read指看书看报。如:I can see something beautiful over there.我能看见那里有些美丽的东西。You should look at the blac
10、kboard and listen to your teacher carefully in class. 在课堂上你应该看黑板并认真听讲。Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.电视看多了对眼睛有害。Don* t read books in the sun.不要在太阳下看书。5. bring,take 与 carrybring意为“带来；拿来”，表示拿到靠近说话者的地方;take意为“拿去;带走”，表示 拿到远离说话者的地方；carry意为“扛；搬；用力移动”，没有方向性。如：Remember to bring your homework to s
11、chool tomorrow.请记得明天把家庭作业带到学 校来。Please take the dictionary to Miller.请把字典带给米勒。He is strong enough to carry the heavy box.他足够强壮能够搬动那个重箱子。6. speak, talk, say 与 tell （详见第一编 P15）7. lose, fail, beat 与 winlose意为“输给某人”，固定搭配为：lose to sb. ；fail指“失败”或“未做成某事”； beat意为“打败”，后接sb.或某支队伍；win意为“赢得”，如赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等。8. lo
12、se, forget 与 leavelose意为“丢失；失去“；forget意为忘记，常用短语:forget doing sth. /forget to do sth. ： leave sth. +地点，表示将某物落在某处。局频考点3动词短语1 .动词+aboutcare about 关心；在乎 hear about 听说know about 了解 think about 考虑worry about 担心 talk about 谈论2 .动词+afterlook after照顾；照看run after追逐3 .动词+atarrive at 到达 knock at 敲击laugh at 嘲笑 l
13、ook at 看shout at冲喊 work at致力于；从事4 .动词 + awaydie away逐渐消失 give away赠送put away把收好 run away逃跑5 .动词 + downcut down砍倒：削减 knock down撞倒let down使失望 turn down拒绝；调小write down写下； 记下 lie down 躺下6 .动词+ forapply for 申请 ask for 要求care for喜欢：照顾pay for支付leave for动身去 look for寻找prepare for 准备 search for 搜索send for派人去请
14、stand for代表；象征wait for 等候7 .动词+ frombe/come from 来自 keep from 阻止；抑制learn from向学习hear from收到来信prevent from 阻止separate from 把与分离protectfrom保护免于suffer from 受苦；患病8 .动词+ inbreak in破门而入come in进来drop in顺便来访 fill in填写give in屈服hand in上交succeed in在某方面成功take in吸收；欺骗9 .动词 + intobreak into破门而入changeinto将变成di vid
15、einlo把分成get into进入；陷入look into调查makeinto把做成putinto将注入10 .动词+ofcomplain of 诉说 die of 死于dream of梦想；渴望hear of听说使某人想起think of想起warn sb. of sth.警告某人当心某事11 .动词+offbreak off中断cut off阻挡；切掉fall off （数量）减少get off下车keep off不接近pay off还清债务put off推迟 see off送行show off 炫耀 shut off 关掉turn off 关掉12 .动词+5 thcigree wit
16、h sb.同意某人 deal with 处理begin with以开始 disagree with 不同意sharewith与分享comparewith与作比较provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物connectwith与连接或联系coverwi th遮盖；覆盖13 .动词+upadd up加起来；合计 call up打电话cheer up使振奋bring up养育clean up 打扫 clear up 清理dress up化妆打扮come up出现；发芽cut up切碎eat up吃光end up结束；告终fix up安装；修理give up放弃 grow up成长han
17、g up挂起来look up查阅：查找make up组成；编造 mix up混合pick up拾起：接电话put up张贴：搭建set up创建；创办show up出现；露面speed up 加速 stand up 起立stay up熬夜take up占据；从事小试牛刀（D） 1. （2018 青岛中考）一I can* t find my mobile phone.-Don* t worry. Maybe you it at home.（D）2. （2018 临沂中考）A primary school in England has signs at its three entrances （入
18、口）， saying: Greet your child with a smile, not a mobile.A. put into B. put off C. put on D. put up（C）3. （2018 扬州中考）一I offered Sandy a helping hand, however, she it.Maybe she can manage herself.（B）4. （2018 吉林中考改编）Its a good idea to new words in the dictionary.how up（C）5. （2018 山西中考改编）If a student is
19、able to somebody else what hes learnt from textbooks, it shows hes understood it well.（A）6.（2018 宜昌中考）一In the past five years, China has played an importcint role in the Belt and Road.-It hasmany nations a great chance to communicate.（15） 7. （2018 随州中考）As we on our new journey, we shouldnt forget wh
20、ere wecame from.t outC. cut out D. blow out（A）8. （2018 河南中考）一Hey, Jeremy. Tony and I want to the new Italian restaurant tonight. Come with us!一Why not?（C）9. （2018 北部湾中考）The strawberries delicious. You can have a try.(C) 10. (2018 河北中考)Can you help me the pen? Its under your chair.A. ask for B. look forC. pick up D. put up