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1、高一英语上学期期末达标测试卷（A卷）考试时间：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上 的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题L5分,满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读 下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At a furniture shop.B
2、. Al a coffee bar.C. At the womans home.【答案】C【解析】原文 W: Make yourself at home. Seat yourself on the sofa, please. What about having a cup of coffee?M: Thats a good idea!2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Who is Mr. Thompson?A. Megs boss.B. Megs father.C. Megs doctor.【答案】A【解析】原文W: Hello, Mr. Thompson. Tm sorry but I
3、 cant go to work today. I feel terrible and I have to see the doctor.M: Dont worry, Meg. Rest up and Ill see you tomorrow.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 When will the party be over?comfort of their homes. The pair look at pictures and tag （力标签于）photos identifying adults, chicks and eggs. Every click of their
4、mouse is helping to build up a detailed picture of penguin colonies （群）.They, and thousands of others, arc helping scientists to understand why some colonies are growing and others are decreasing. Within the first four hours of Penguin Watch going live, “citizen scientists, marked more images than t
5、he research team did in five years.Dr. Tom Hart, Penguin Watch Coordinator at Oxford University, says, “When you go beyond what a scientist can analyse to what a mass audience can do, then it increases beyond what any other project could do.”The British Science Association says families are helping
6、out with careful research. It made a difference to the Planet Hunters Project, which ran for five years. Volunteers looked at dots which showed how the brightness of a star changed at different points in its solar system.According to Dr. Robert Simpson from Oxford University, who took part in the pr
7、oject, the volunteers discovered planets and these arc now in published papers. He says with pride, “Wc can go and look al these planets with other telescopes and we know they exist because of those helpers.”But how do scientists guard their research against accidental or deliberate mistakes in obse
8、rvation? Dr. Simpson isnt worried. tkWc get lots of people looking at the same things, ,he says. The researcher warns that people who are mistakenly clicking on the site are very obvious and can be identified very quickly. So, theres no fooling the scientists.And to make sure things go well, the Pen
9、guin Watch paper will go through a peer review before being published. After that, every “citizen scientist will be credited.28. According to the passage, who will be suitable to help the scientists?A. An engineer who works in a company.B. A university student who likes science.C. A businessman who
10、invests in a new project.D. A careful teenager who uses the computer smoothly.29. What is a volunteer required to do?A. Publish his obsen ation data by himself.B. Observe pictures and record his observation.C. Discuss his obsen ation with other volunteers.D. Take his report to the scientist and corr
11、ect mistakes.30. How could scientists avoid mistakes in observation?A. By working with volunteers.B. By using their own data.C. By identifying pictures and photos.D. By going through a peer review.31. Whats Dr. Simpsons attitude towards the volunteers, obsenation?A. ObjectiveB. Supportive.C. Negativ
12、e.D.Doubtful.【答案】28. D 29. B 30. D 31. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国科学家依靠普通人来帮助他们完成科学项目的 做法，及其成果。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中 “Are you patient? Do you have attention to detail, free time and access to a computer? Well, then a scientist might welcome your help.（你有而寸心吗？你是否关注 细节，是否有空闲时间和是否能使用电脑?那科学家可能会欢迎你的帮助）”可推知，一个
13、 能熟练使用电脑的细心少年适合帮助这些科学家。故选D项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The pair look at pictures and tag （加标签于）photos identifying adults, chicks and eggs.（它们会观察图片和标记图片,以识别成年、小鸡和蛋）”可知，志愿 者需要观察图片并记录观察结果。故选B项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But how do scientists guard their research against accidental or deliberate mistakes in observa
14、lion?（但是科学家如何防止他们的研究在观察中出现意外或 故意的错误呢?）“最后一段中 “And to make sure things go well, the Penguin Watch paper will go through a peer review before being published.（为了确保一切顺利，企鹅观察的论文在 发表前将经过同行评审）”可知，科学家通过同行评审来避免观察中的错误。故选D项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中 Dr. Simpson 所说 “We can go and look at these planets with other tel
15、escopes and we know （hey exist because of those helpers.（我们可以用其他望远镜去观察这 些行星，因为有了这些帮手，我们才知道它们的存在）”可以推知，Simpson博士对志愿者 的观察持支持态度。故选B项。DSocial distancing is not a new concept in the natural world, where infectious diseases arc commonplace. Through specialized senses animals can detect certain diseases an
16、d change their behavior to avoid getting ill.In 1966, while studying chimps （猩猩）in a Tanzanian national park, zoologist Jane Goodall observed a chimp named McGregor who had caught a highly infectious virus. His fellow chimps attacked him and threw him out of the group. In one instance, McGregor appr
17、oached chimps in a tree. He reached out a hand in greeting, but the others moved away without a backward glance.“For a full two minutes, old McGregor sat motionless, staring after them,“ Goodall notes in her 1971 book In the Shadow of Man. Its really not that different to how some societies react to
18、day to such a tragedy.”Not all animals are so aggressive toward their sick neighbors. Sometimes its as simple as avoiding those who may infect you.When Kiesecker, a lead scientist in America, studied American bullfrog in the late 1990s, he found that bullfrogs could not only detect a deadly smell of
19、 infection in other bullfrogs, but healthy members actively avoided those that were sick. Bullfrogs rely on chemicals signals to determine who is sick or not.Caribbean lobsters （龙虾）also avoid diseased members of their community, well before they become infectious. It takes about eight weeks for lobs
20、ters infected with the deadly virus to become dangerous to others. Normally social animals, lobsters begin keeping away from the diseased as early as four weeks after infection once the lobsters can smell certain chemicals released by sick individuals.“Overall, its important to note that, unlike us,
21、 animals don,t realize if they stay home, they might actually reduce the infection rate,“ Kiesecker explains. i4As humans, we have that ability. Its a big difference.”Why did other chimps attack McGregor?A. He was a loner.B. He got seriously ill.C. He may cause the group ill.D. He hurt other chimps
22、first.32. How did Goodall feel when seeing McGregors result?A. Supportive.B.Doubtful.C. Objective.D.Sympathetic.33. How long will the healthy Caribbean lobsters stay with the diseased ones?A. About a month.B.About eight weeks.C. About four days.D.Fewer than four weeks.34. Which can be a suitable tit
23、le for the text?A. Social Distancing in NatureCarrying out Social DistancingB. Puzzling Social Distancing in ChimpsSocial Distancing between Human and Animals【答案】32. C 33. D 34. A 35. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然界中动物保持社交距离的现象。【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句In 1966, while studying chimps （猩猩）in a Tanzanian nat
24、ional park, zoologist Jane Goodall observed a chimp named McGregor who had caught a highly infectious virus. His fellow chimps attacked him and threw him out of the group.（1966年，动物学家珍古道尔在坦桑尼亚国家公园研究黑猩猩时，观察到一只名叫麦 格雷戈的黑猩猩感染了一种高度传染性的病毒。他的黑猩猩同伴攻击他，把他扔出了黑猩猩 群）”可推知，猩猩们攻击McGregor是因为它可能会导致整个群体生病。故选C。2 .推理判断题
25、。根据第三段“For a full two minutes, old McGregor sat motionless, staring after Goodall notes in her 1971 book In the Shadow of Man. Its really not that different to how some societies react today to such a tragedy.（“老 McGregoi一动不动地坐了 整整两分钟，盯 着它们 背影， Goodall在她1971年出版的In the shadow5一书中写道。”这和如 今一些社会群体对这样的悲剧
26、的反应没有什么不同。可推知，当看到McGregor的结局 时，Goodall对此感到同情。故选D。3 .细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句 u Normally social animals, lobsters begin keeping away from the diseased as early as four weeks after infection once the lobsters can smell certain chemicals released by sick individuals.（可知，龙虾通常是群居动物，一旦它们闻到生病的龙虾 释放出的特定化学物质，会在生病的龙
27、虾感染四周后尽可能早地开始远离它）”可知，健康 的加勒比龙虾会和生病的龙虾在一起待约一个月的时间。故选Ao.主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段第一句Social distancing is not a new concept in the natural world, where infectious diseases arc commonplacc.（在传染病屡见不鲜的自然界，保持社 交距离并不是一个新概念）”可知，文章主要介绍了自然界中动物保持社交距离的现象。由 此可知，A项最适合作本文标题。故选A。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分125分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空
28、白处的最佳选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。The comfort zone is a safe space where we dont risk, but neither do we grow. 36 Change and growth occur. We can not become what we want to be, remaining in what we are today. There arc many good reasons to be encouraged to leave the comfort zone.Prepare yourself fbr difficult ti
29、mes. Safe as we feel in our comfort zone, that space will not protect us from the problems, which usually appear in life in an unexpected way producing great changes. 37 These problems can produce psychological disorders. But learning to live outside the comfort zone, dealing with novelty and uncert
30、ainty will make us people emotionally stronger.38 The comfort zone represents everything we know. Outside is another world to discover. In the comfort zone there are no great ideas or new discoveries. Its necessary to leave the known （o find the inspiration to creativity. In fact, a study conducted
31、at the University of Florida found that students who spent just one term outside their country scored better on creativity tests than those who had been studying at the same university.Feel more alive. Leaving the comfort zone, we meet new people and live new experiences.Some of these experiences wi
32、ll not be positive but others will become a driving force that gives us new energy. Thus were learning to enjoy more life. 39Exercises to get out of your comfort zone will allow you to expand your growth zone without experiencing too much anxiety. 40 Thats in the growth zone, and you can reach the b
33、est of ourselves, learn new things.A. Become more productive.B. Increase your creativity.C. Generally, we are not used to them.D. Yet magical （hings happen outside the comfort zone.E. It might become the perfect excuse not to do, not risk.F. Face new challenges with an acceptable level of anxiety.G.
34、 The feeling of being empty will be discovered to disappear.答案】36. D 37. C 38. B 39. G 40. F【解析】【导语】本文是篇议论文。舒适区是一个我们无需冒险，但也不能让我们成长的安全空 间。作者认为我们应该走出自己的舒适区，并列举了若干理由。【36题详解】根据上一句的“The comfort zone is a safe space where wc dont risk, but neither do vc grow. （舒适区是一个安全的空间，在那里我们不会冒险，但也不会成长。）和下一句的 uChange a
35、nd growth occur. v （改变和成长发生了。）可知，空处应为转折关系，提到了舒 适区之外的空间，在那里可以产生改变和成长，所以选项D （然而，神奇的事情发生在舒 适区之外。）符合语境。故选D。【37题详解】根据上一句的 “Safe as we feel in our comfort zone, that space will not protect us from the problems, which usually appear in life in an unexpected way producing great changes. w （尽管 我们在舒适区感到安全，但这个
36、空间不会保护我们免受问题的困扰，这些问题通常以意想 不到的方式出现在生活中，会产生巨大的变化。）和卜.一句的“These problems can produce psychological disorders. M （这些问题会导致心理障碍。）可知，空处应该还是在讲述这些问 题；选项C （通常，我们不习惯它们。）中的them指代the problems”，衔接合理， 引出下文讲这些问题会产生不良后果。故选C。【38题详解】根据下文Its necessary to leave the known to find the inspiration to creativity. n （有必要离 开已
37、知的事物去寻找创造力的灵感。）和后面提到的“creativity tests”可知，在本段中作者 认为人们应该走出舒适区，增进自己的创造力；空处为段首句，是本段的主旨句，选项B（提升你的创造力。）符合本段表达的主要思想。故选B。【39题详解】根据本段主旨句“Feel more alive.（感觉更有活力。）以及空处前一句Thus weTe learning to enjoy more life.M （因此，我们学会了享受更多的生活。）可知，走出舒适区会让 我们感觉生活更有意义；选项G （空虚的感觉会被发现消失了。）进一步补充说明了感觉更 加有活力，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。【40题详解】上一
38、句 “ Exercises to get out of your comfort zone will allow you to expand your growth zone without experiencing too much anxiety.v （走出舒适区的锻炼可以让你在不经历太多焦虑的 情况下扩大自己的成长空间。），选项F （以可接受的焦虑程度面对新的挑战。）中的“new challenges n （新的挑战）与 w Exercises to get out of your comfort zone v 所指一致；“an acceptable level of anxiety”是
39、指“可以接受的焦虑程度”，即不会过于焦虑，与上文uwithout experiencing too much anxiety；所以选项F较好地承接了上文,符合语境。故 选F。第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入 空白处的最佳选项。After watching my son Todd run in a race, I made my usual comment, 4Todd, I could walk faster than those women run., Todd4
40、as he knew I wasnt a runner.u Listen, Mom, howabout you run with me next year at this race?” Without thinking, I quickly agreed to （his 42. I felt this was going to be a piece of cake!Never in my 43 dreams did I ever imagine what the next year would bring. Whenit was almost time for this race to 44,
41、 Todd wasnt going to be running. He had died ina car accident. A few of his friends knew this “challenge I had agreed to with Todd. They started to 45 me to run the race. I hadnt 46 or prepared anything.Quite 47, I had almost forgotten I said I would do it.I decided I should keep my 48. Before the r
42、ace, I listened tosome 49 talking about how to run your race. I played the race over and over inmy 50 when I listened to the tapes. The day of the race finally came. I feltpretty 5. When it was time for the race, I was all dressed and ready. It was freezingcold that day, but I didnt care. I 52 all m
43、y warm clothes and ran with only a sleevelessshirt and shorts on. Nothing was going to 53 me.No one knew what 54 me to run. I finished my practice run, fell on （he grass, andcried my eyes out. 1 found that running 55 the stress I was feeling of losing my dear Todd.41. A. sighedB. laughedC. noddedD.s
44、creamed42. A. challengeB. compromiseC. commandD.declaration43. A. mildestB. happiestC. deepestD. wildest44. A. occurB. rewardC. endD. exist45. A. pressB. encourageC. botherD. order46. A. appliedB. recoveredC. trainedD. digested47. A. entertaininglyB. franklyC. doubtfullyD.obviously48. A. secretB. di
45、stanceC. kindnessD. promise49. A. tapesB. lecturesC. friendsD. experts50. A. dreamB. memoryC. mindD. soul51. A. desperateB. heartbrokenC. emotionalD.delighted52. A. took offB. lore upC. threw awayD. handedout53. A. amuseB. depressC. easeD.disappoint54. A. influencedB. permittedC. directedD.motivated
46、55. A. deepenedB. provedC. relievedD. fostered【答案】41. B 42. A43. D 44. A45. B 46. C 47. B48. D 49. A50. C 51. C 52. A53. B 54. D55. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在儿子托德车祸去世后，遵守承诺，参加跑步比赛 的故事。41题详解】考查动词词义辨析二句意：托德笑了，因为他知道我不擅长跑步。A. sighed叹气：B.laughed 笑;C. nodded 点头;D. screamed 尖叫。根据上文中的 “I could walk faster than
47、those women run 及语境可知，Todd笑了，因为他知道母亲不擅长跑步。故选B项。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想都没想就答应了这个挑战。A. challenge挑战；B.compromise 妥协；C. command 命令；D. declaration 宣告。根据上文中的I wasn,t a runner n 及下文 M A few of his friends knew this tchallcngc, I had agreed to with Todd.可知， 不经思考，作者迅速接受了这个挑战。故选A项。【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我最疯狂的梦想中，
48、我从来没有想象过明年会发生什么。A. mildest最温和的；B. happiest最高兴的；C. deepest最深的；D. wildest最狂野的。根据 下文中的 adream did I ever imagine M 及 u He had died in a car accident.v ,可知 Todd 在第二 年的比赛到来前因车祸身亡，这是作者最疯狂的梦也没有想到的事。故选D项。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这场比赛快要开始时，托德没有参加比赛。A .occur发生；B. reward奖励;C. end结束；D. exist存在。根据前文的race”以及下文中的“Todd wasn,t going to be running可知，第二年的比赛快到来时，Todd已经无法参赛了。故选A 项。【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们开始鼓励我参加比赛。A. press按；B. encourag