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1、Lesson 4 An exciting trip New Words and Expressions 1.exciting adj.:令人兴奋的,令人激动的，振奋人心的 What exciting news this is!这是多么令人兴奋的消息！That is an exciting game.那是一场令人兴奋的比赛。Its such an exciting place.真是一个令人兴奋的地方。This is a very exciting book.这是一本非常扣人心弦的书。【辨】exciting,thrilling rl Exciting 通常来形容让人很激动的人或事；thrillin
2、g 用来形容让人激动或害怕的发抖、令人难以控制情绪的事【补充学习】1）以-ing 结尾的形容词多翻译成“令人”：exciting 令人激动的；interesting 令人感兴趣的；embarrassing 令人尴尬的。2）以-ed结尾的形容词多翻译成“感到”：excited 感到激动的；interested 感到有兴趣的；embarrassed 感到尴尬的。2.receive:接受；收到 receive an invitationa letterfrom sb 接到某人的邀请函信 receive a sick person into a hospital 把病人收进医院 receive gue
3、sts warmly 热烈欢送客人 Did you receive any letters today?你今天收到信了吗？The police received several complaints about the noise from the plant.警察局收到好几宗投诉,抱怨工厂的噪音太大。区别用法：receive,accept,take这三个词都有“接受”的意思。receive客观情况只表示被动地接受 Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra 100 a year!后来他笑了，并且告诉我说，我将一年收到一百英镑的额外收
4、入！If you receive a request like this,you cannot fail to obey it!如果你收到这样的一种请求，你不会不服从的！A baby can only receive sense impressions,but it can not understand them.婴儿只能接受感官方面的印象，而不能理解。She has received his present,but she will not accept it.她收到了他的礼物，但她是不会接受的。accept 主观情况总表示主动而且高兴地接受 I accepted the invitatio
5、n.我接受邀请。The villagers have told him that they will not accept the inn even if he gives it away.村民们告诉他说，即使他把那小酒店白送给人家，也没有人会接受的。There is no accepted theory to explain the phenomenon.没有公认的理论来解释这种现象。She received his present,but she didn t accept it.她收到了他的礼物，但是没有接受。take 所表示的接受包含着有人赠给的意思 Did you take his
6、advice?你接受了他的建议了吗？He takes anything he is given.给他什么他就要什么。Is there nobody to take my instructions?难到没有人接受我的指令吗？3.firm:n.n.商行；公司 trading firms 贸易行 He has established his own firm.他已建立起自己的公司。adj 坚牢的，坚固的 firm muscles 结实的肌肉 You must always build on firm ground.你必须始终脚踏实地。Mother kept a firm hold on her so
7、ns hands as he said goodbye to her abroad.儿子向母亲告别到国外去时,母亲紧紧地拉住他的双手。(2)稳定的；坚定的 a firm belief 坚定的信念 Prices are still firm.物价仍然稳定。The teacher was firm and did not change her mind.老师很坚决，他不改变主意。The pound stayed firm against dollar in London but fell a little in New York.伦敦英镑对美元仍坚挺，但在纽约却跌了一点儿。Parents must
8、 be firm with their children.父母对孩子一定要严格。【补充学习】有关“公司”的表达：firm 中小型公司；company 正规公司；business 商行；corporation；enterprise 企业；association 联合公司；group 集团 4.different adj.不同的【辨】different,diverse,divergent,distinct,various 1)2)diverse 指性质、种类十分不同：Now this world is quite diverse from a century before.当今的世界与一百年之前已
9、经完全不同了。3)divergent 分歧的，差异的：the three parties hold very divergent opinions.三个正当都持有明显分歧性意见。4)distinct 两个或更多东西各自有其特点、不容混淆：The twins had distinct tastes.这两个双胞胎嗜好不同。5)various 强调种类或性质的多样化，而不强调其本质的差异：There are various colors to choose from the box.盒子里有各种各样的颜色可供选择。.center:n.中心 the center of town 市中心 town ce
10、ntre=downtown 市中心，市区 the center of a stage 舞台中心 a medical center 医疗中心 a metropolitan center 大都市中心 cultural center 文化中心 The sun is the center of our solar system.太阳是太阳系的中心。Beijing is the political and financial center of China.北京是中国的政治和金融中心。经典用法：in the center of:在中间,在中央 in the middle of .abroad:adv.在
11、国外,到海外;在室外;广泛地;遍布;流行;到处传开;get abroad 出去,出门;(谣言)传出去,传开 study abroad 出国留学 go travel abroad 到国外去 live abroad 住在国外 at home and abroad 在国内外 agency abroad 国外代办处 income earned abroad 国外收入 investment abroad 国外投资 market abroad 海外市场 representative abroad 国外代表 student studying abroad 留学生 He lived abroad for ma
12、ny years.他在国外居住了许多年。She is hungry for news of her husband working abroad.她渴望得到国外工作的丈夫的消息。Many people would like to take holidays abroad.许多人愿意到国外度假。He came to miss his homeland when he settled down abroad.当他在国外安定下来时，他开始想念祖国了。The news spread abroad.消息传得很广。A rumour is abroad.谣言在传开。经典用法：from abroad 从国外,
13、从海外 The conference delegates included representatives from abroad.大会代表中有来自海外的代表。【辨】abroad,foreign,overseas 1)abroad adv.在国外，到国外：My brother has never been abroad before.我弟弟以前从未过国。2)foreign adj.外国的，国外的：I am on business in a foreign city.我在国外的一个城市出差的。3)overseas adv./adj.在海外；外国的：One of my classmates liv
14、es overseas.我的一个同学住在国外。.a(great)number of:“许多”，修饰可数名词的复数 a great amount of：“许多”修饰不可数名词 During the past 20 years,a great number of power stations have been set up.在过去的二十年间,兴建了许多电站。A number of people complained about the poor lighting in the museum.那群人的人数并不多。许多人抱怨博物馆照明不好。a great amount of intelligence
15、 非常聪明 A large amount of money is spent on advertisements every year.每年都要花费大量金钱在广告上。比较：a number of/the number of A number of the workers are unskilled.许多工人技术不熟练。The number of skilled workers is small.熟练工人数较少。The amount of unemployed capital is very large.未被利用的资金数量很大。.My brother has never been there b
16、efore,so he is finding this trip very exciting.find:(1)找到 If you find any mistake,please correct it.如发现有错,请你改正。I think Im lost;I cant find the bridge.我想我是迷路了，我找不到那座桥了。The aim is to find meaning and enjoyment in work.其目的是从工作中发现意义,找到乐趣。(2)发现，觉察 find it difficult to explain 觉得难以说明 I find Russian gramma
17、r very difficult.我发现俄语语法很难学。I found him at home.我发现他在家。常用词组：find out 发现；揭露 Ive found you out at last.我终于把你揭露了。Please find out when the ship sails for New York.请打听一下那艘船什么时候开往纽约。Please find out what time the delegation will come.请查一查代表团什么时候来。本文语法：同位语 一句话总结：指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，后者称之
18、为前者的同位语。同位语多由名词或代词充当。I have two sisters,Jane and Mary.我有两个姐姐，简和玛丽 This is Tom,president of Oriental Group.这位是东方集团的总裁汤姆。We four,John,Bill,my brother and I are going to swim.我们四个，约翰，比尔，我的哥哥和我准备去游泳。Shanghai,the largest city of China,has become a commercial center.上海，这个中国最大的城市已经成为了商业中心。1.I have just rec
19、eived a letter from my brother,Tim.参考翻译 我刚收到一封弟弟蒂姆写来的信。语言点 1 短语：receive sth.from sb.收到从某人那里送出的某物 This morning I received a letter from my mother.今天早上我收到了妈妈写来的一封信。语言点 2 此句中 Tim 为 my brother 的同位语，对 my brother 进行解释说明。2.He is in Australia.参考翻译 他在澳大利亚 语言点 介词 in 在此实际上表达一种状态：在澳洲。类似介词用法：at home 在家；on the In
20、ternet 在上网；on the phone 打 3.He has been there for six months.参考翻译 他在澳洲已经待了六个月了。语言点 for six months 是表示时间段的状语。特别提醒初学者：“for+时间状语”不能和瞬间性动词连用。He arrived there fro six months.(错误)He has been there for six months.(正确)原因：瞬间动词的动作不可以延续，而 be there 表示状态，可以延续。So far,I have lived in Beijing for eight years.到现在，我已
21、经在北京住了 8 年了。4.Tim is an engineer.参考翻译 蒂姆是一名工程师。语言点 engineer:one who operates an engine 工程师，即操作或修理发动机的人 1）engine(发动机)+er表人=engineer 2）fire engine 消防车 3）engineer vt.(design/devise)设计：The villa is very well engineered.这套别墅设计得很好。5.He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of
22、 different places in Australia.参考翻译 他在一家大公司工作，并且已经去过澳大利亚很多不同的地方了。语言点 1 【辨】work,job,career,works Work 指抽象工作，不可数名词；job 指具体工作，可数名词；career 指事业，等同于 profession;works 泛指作品；工程；工厂。语言点 2 “大量，很多”有多种表达方式：1）many 常修饰可数名词：many mistakes 许多错误；many books 许多书 2）a lot of=lots of 既可以修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词：a lot of excitement
23、许多刺激；lots of words 很多单词 3）a great/good lot 大量，许多口语:a great/good lot fun 大量的玩笑 4）a whole lot of 一大堆，许多：a whole lot of paper 一大堆纸 5）a great number of 很多的 多用于写作中，常修饰可数名词：a great number of interesting stories 很多有趣的故事 6）a great many 很多的多用于写作当中,常修饰可数名词：a great many explosions 很多声爆炸 6.He has just bought an
24、 Australian car and has gone to Alice Spring,a small town in the center of Australia.参考翻译 他刚买了一辆澳洲产的小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的一个小城镇，艾利斯普林斯。语言点 1 比较两个句子：He has gone to the cinema.他去了电影院。还没有回来 He has been to the cinema.他曾经去过电影院。现已回来 语言点 2 Alice springs,a small town in the center of Australia 后者为前者的同位语，对前者进一步说明 语
25、言点 3 a small town in the center of Australia 此部分为介词短语作后置定语的结构，in the center of Australia 为介词 in 引导的短语，修饰 a small town,说明其地理位置。如:the girl under the tree 树下的那个女孩；a pen on the desk 桌子上的一支笔；a man in the boat 船里的一个人；the light on the wall 墙上的灯。7.He will soon visit Darwin 参考翻译 很快，他将去参观达尔文。语言点 1)visit somew
26、here 参观某地：visit Shanghai 参观上海；visit Zhouzhuang 参观周庄 2visit sb.拜访某人：visit my uncle 看望我的伯父；visit closest classmate 拜访最亲密的同学。8.From there,he will fly to Perth.参考翻译 从那里，他将飞往珀斯。语言点 比较学习：1）fly to=go by plane 乘飞机到某地：tomorrow the little girl will fly to New York.明天这个小姑娘将乘飞机去纽约。2）drive to somewhere 开车去某地：I s
27、hall drive to my hometown.我将开车回老家。3）walk to somewhere 走到某地：Bill often walks to his office.比尔经常走着去他的办公室。9.My brother has never been abroad before,so he is finding this trip very exciting.参考翻译 我弟弟以前从来没有出过国，所以他觉得他的这次旅行非常激动人心 语言点 1 before 单独放在句尾表示从前，常与完成时连用。I have never石破天惊。语言点 2 very exciting 补充说明 this
28、 trip,作宾语补足语。补充学习 常见公司、机构相关表达：Accounting firm 会计师事务所 Consulting firm 参谋公司 Daughter firm 子公司 Parent firm 母公司 Publishing firm 出版社 Public firm 国营公司 Partnership firm 合伙商店 Shipping firm 报关行 Wholesale firm 批发店 Service firm 服务性企业 Professional firm 专业事务所 Entrant firm 新公司 Mail order firm 邮购公司 Multinational firm 跨国公司 Auxiliary firm 附属公司 Investment banking firm 投资银行 Stock exchange firm 证券商行 Member firm 加盟店