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1、 1 1 2016 届高三英语复习语法专题 虚拟语气 英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气：陈述事实或提出疑问，用于陈述句，疑问句和感叹句；祈使语气：表示请求、命令，指示或劝告等；虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，一种假设、猜测、怀疑等（在条件从句中或让步状语从句中）；一种表示说话人愿望、要求、命令、建议等（在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中）。一、If 条件句中的虚拟语气的用法 if 条件虚拟句中谓语动词形式 if 条件状语从句 主句 与现在事实相反 did/were would/should/could/might+do 与过去事实相反 had done would/should/could/m
2、ight+have done 与将来事实相反 did/should do/were todo would/should/could/might+do 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句(1)如果我是你，我会再试一次。If I were you,I would try it again.(2)如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。If I had one million dollars,I would buy the plane.2.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句(1)如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试了。If he had worked hard,he would have passed the ex
3、amination.(2)要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我会是很不幸福的。If I had married her,I would have been unhappy.3.与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.If he came here tomorrow,I would tell him about it./If he were to come here tomorrow,I would tell him about it.Exercise：Choose the best answers.2 2 1.If you _tomorrow,you _fin
4、d the new manager working in the office.A.should come;would B.would come;would C.will come;should D.comes;might 2.If the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident,the child would have been saved.A.arrives B.arrive C.had arrive D.has arrived 3.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she_,
5、she would have met my brother.A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come 4.If my lawyer _here last Sunday,he _me from going.A.had been;would have prevented B.had been;would prevent C.were;would prevent D.were;would have prevented 二、If 条件句中虚拟语气的倒装 如果条件状语中有 were,had,should 时,可以倒装成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他 1.
6、If I were you,I would try it again.Were I you,I would try it again.2.If you hadnt helped me，I should have failed.Had you not helped me,I should have failed.3.If it should snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out.Should it snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out.Exercise：Choose the best answers.1._the exam,he would h
7、ave attended a college.A.If he passed B.Had he passed C.Were he passed D.If he should pass 2._five minutes earlier,you could have seen them off.A.If you should arrive B.If you arrive C.Had you arrived D.Should you arrive 3._it rain tomorrow,we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.A
8、.Were B.should C.would D.will 三、wish 引导的虚拟句 wish+that/How I wish+did/were(现在)/had done(过去)/would(/might/could)do(将来)1.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）I wish I remembered the address.2.要是他刚才没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）How I wish he had not left.3.要是明天下雨就好了（说话人预料明天不会下雨）I wish it would rain tomorrow.3 3 Exercise：Choose the bes
9、t answers.1.I didnt go to the party,but I do wish I _there.A.was B.were C.had been D.went 2.I wish I _ you yesterday.A.see B.did see C.had seen D.were to see 3.-He is a brave man.-Yes,I wish I _his courage.A.have B.had C.will have D.would have 4.Tom can take his car apart and put it back together ag
10、ain.I certainly wish he _me how.A.teaches B.will teach C.has taught D.would teach 四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 1.suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,advice.引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，以(should)+v 原形的形式出现。eg.1)We all suggest that he(should)finish his homework first.2)The captain commanded that all
11、the sailors(should)get down to work at once.2.Its suggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that 后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，以(should)+v原形的形式出现。eg.1)Its ordered that only German (should)be taught at schools in Alsas and Lorin.2)Its requested that all the students (should)
12、wear school uniforms at school.3.以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也以 (should)+v 原形的形式出现。1）My suggestion is that you(should)go home first before coming here.2）My advice is that you(should)practise speaking English as often as possible 3）His request that his cost(should)be paid by the hour is complete
13、ly reasonable.4）The order came that the work(should)be finished two days ahead of time.注意:当 suggest 表示“暗示”;insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟！1.His accent suggests he comes from Hunan.2.He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health.五、虚拟语气特殊句型：1.would rather that.did/had done 宁愿 4 4 eg.1)I wou
14、ld rather you paid me now.2)I would rather you had gone,too.3)I would rather you came tomorrow.4)Id rather I didnt see you again.2.as if/though did/were(现在)/had done(过去)/would+动词原形(将来)似乎，好像 eg.1)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.2)He spoke English well as if she had studied English in Eng
15、land.3)Mrs Smith sobbed as if her heart would break.注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。eg.1)It looks as if you are tired.2)The clouds are getting darker and darker.It looks as if it is going to rain.3.Its(about/high)time+that sb did/should do.1）我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed./Its time that we
16、should go to bed.2）该是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。Its high time(that)we took/should take some measures to protect the environment.4.without 和 but for 构成虚拟。eg.1)Without sunlight,peoples l ife would be different from today.2)But for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work.3)Without your encouragement,I wouldnt h
17、ave succeeded.4)But for water,it would be impossible to live in the desert.5.If only 要是就好了=I wish eg.1)If only I knew his name now!2)If only we had followed your advice last time!3)If only I could see him again next year!6.Its necessary/strange/natural/important+that.从句中的动词要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形 eg.1)It is important that we (should)master a foreign language.2)It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.3)Its necessary that we should stu dy hard.