《2023年淄博实验中学高考最全面精品资料阅读理解技巧点拨精品讲义.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2023年淄博实验中学高考最全面精品资料阅读理解技巧点拨精品讲义.pdf（10页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、高三阅读理解专项（一）2012 辽宁 C If Confucius（孔子）were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake,there would be a lot of candles.Hed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day,few people in the U
2、nited States will give him a passing thought.Its nothing personal.Most Americans dont even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.But this doesnt mean that Americans dont care about Confucius.In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper u
3、nderstanding of China.In the past two decades,the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities.More recently,the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries.These schools teach both Chinese language and culture.The main courses of Chin
4、ese culture usually include Chinese art,history and philosophy（哲学）.Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantages of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Westerners philosophy.Students in the United States,at the same time,are racing to learn Chinese.So t
5、hey will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States.Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.So the old thinkers ideas are still alive and well.Today China attracts the West more than ev
6、er,and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.As for the old thinker,he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West,even if his birthday is.64.The opening paragraph is mainly intended to _（推理判断）A.provide some key facts about Confucius B.attract the rea
7、ders interest in the subject C.show great respect for the ancient thinker D.prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations 65.We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students_（推理判断题）A.have a great interest in studying Chinese B.take an active part in Chinese competitions C.try to get high
8、scores in Chinese exams D.fight for a chance to learn Chinese 66.What is the best title for the passage?(主旨大意题)A.Forgotten Wisdom in America B.Huge Fans of the Chinese Language C.Chinese Culture for Westerners D.Old Thinker with a Big Future 67.The passage is likely to appear in _.（推理判断题）A.a biograp
9、hy B.a history paper C.a newspaper D.a philosophy textbook D Inside the pleasingly fragrant cafe,So All May Eat(SAME)in downtown Denver,the spirit of generosity(慷慨)is instantly noticeable:A donation box stands in place of a cash register.Customers here pay only what they can afford,no questions aske
10、d.A risky business plan,perhaps,but SAME Caf has done one unchangeable thing in the Mile High City for six years:Open only at midday,the restaurant provides poor local people with healthy,delicious lunches six days a week.Those unable to pay for theirmeals can instead volunteer as waiters and waitre
11、sses,and dishwashers,or look after the buildings and equipment for the cafe.“Its based on trust,and its working all right”,says co-owner Brad Birky,who started the caf in 2006.With his wife Libby.Previously volunteering at soup kitchens,the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals the
12、y served there.“We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where everyone felt comfortable,regardless of their circumstances,”Birky says.SAMEs special lunch menu changes daily and most food materials are natural and grown by local farmers.The caf now averages 65 to 70 customers(and eight volunt
13、eers)a day.And the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading.In early 2007,one volunteer who had cleared snow for his meals during the long winter said goodbye to the Birkys,”He said he was going to New Orleans to help with 告来销售他们的产品个人的电子邮箱经常垃圾邮件泛滥给某人大量某物解双向细目表主旨大意个个个个细节理解个个个个个
14、推理判断个个个个上有一个词义题但是这一题型学生的得分比较低一阅读理解解题步骤一the hurricane cleanup,”says Birky.68.What can we learn about the soup kitchens the Birkys previously worked for?（细节题）A.They refused to have volunteers.B.They offered low quality food.C.They provided customers with a good environment.D.They closed down because o
15、f poor management.69.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?（细节题）A.The customers who cannot pay can work as volunteers instead.B.More volunteers will go to new Orleans for the hurricane cleanup.C.Many new cafes will be opened to offer free lunches in the town.D.The lunch menu has re
16、mained the same since the caf was started.70.The authors attitude towards running such a caf is_（推理判断题）A.unfavorable B.approving C.doubtful D.cautious 2010 陕西 D Stop Spam!When I first got an email account ten years ago,I received communications only from family,friends,and colleagues.Now it seems th
17、at every time I check my e-mail,I have an endless series of advertisement and other correspondence that do not interest the at all.If we want e-mail to continue to be useful,we need special laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件)a crime.If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam,the problem will
18、 certainly get much worse.Computer programs allow spammers to spend hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly.As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products,individual（个人的）e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails.Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to dea
19、l with an annoying amount of spam each time?This problem is troubling for individuals and companies as well.Many spam emails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company.Companies rely on e-mail on for their employees to communicate with each other.Spam frequently caus
20、es failures in their local communications networks,and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively.Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks.These computer problems raise production costs of companies,which are,in the
21、 end,passed on to the consumer.For these reasons,I believe that lawmakers need to legislate(立法)against spam.Spammers should be fined,and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people.E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently,but spam is destroying
22、 this convenience.57.What does the underlined word“correspondence”in the Paragraph 1 告来销售他们的产品个人的电子邮箱经常垃圾邮件泛滥给某人大量某物解双向细目表主旨大意个个个个细节理解个个个个个推理判断个个个个上有一个词义题但是这一题型学生的得分比较低一阅读理解解题步骤一probably mean?（猜测词义题）A.messages B.ideas C.connections D.programs 58.According to the text,what is the major cause of the f
23、looding spam?（细节题）A.Companies rely on e-mail for communications.B.More people in the world communicate by e-mail.C.Many computer viruses contain spam e-mail.D.More advertisers begin to promote sales through spam.59.According to Paragraph 3,who is the final victim of spam?（推理判断题）A.The business B.The
24、advertiser C.The employee D.The consumer 60.What is the purpose of the text?（主旨大意题）A.To inform B.To educate C.To persuade D.To instruct 长难句：As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products,individual（个人的）e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails.随着越来越多的广告商发送垃圾广告来销售他们的产品，个人的电子邮
25、箱经常垃圾邮件泛滥。flood sb with 给某人大量某物 2011 安徽 B Think about the different ways that people use the wind.You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat.Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power source(来源),as well as one of the oldest.Evidence shows that windmills(风车)began to be used in ancient Iran bac
26、k in the seventh century BC.They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s,when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.For many centuries,people used windmills to grind(磨碎)wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground.When electricity was discovered in
27、the late 1800s,people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity.This allowed them to have electric lights and radio.However,by the 1940s when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States,windmills were rarely used.During the 1970s,people started
28、becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity.People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever.Then,wind was rediscovered,though it means higher coasts.Today,there is a global movement to supply more and more of
29、our electricity through the use of wind.60.From the text we know that windmills _.告来销售他们的产品个人的电子邮箱经常垃圾邮件泛滥给某人大量某物解双向细目表主旨大意个个个个细节理解个个个个个推理判断个个个个上有一个词义题但是这一题型学生的得分比较低一阅读理解解题步骤一A.were invented by European armies.B.have a history of more than 2,800 years.C.used to supply power to radio in remote areas.
30、D.have rarely been used since electricity was discovered.61.What was a new use for wind power in the late l9th century?（细节）A.Sailing a boat.B.Producing electricity.C.Grinding wheat into flour.D.Pumping water from underground.62.One of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is that_.（细节）A.win
31、d power is cleaner.B.it is one of the oldest power sources.C.it was cheaper to create energy from wind.D.the supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs.63.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?（推理判断）A.The advantage of wind power.B.The design of wind power plants.C.The
32、 worldwide movement to save energy.D.The global trend towards producing power from wind.阅读理解技巧点拨 英语阅读理解一般分为四种类型：事实细节题、主旨大意题、推理判断题和猜测词义题。2008-2012年山东高考英语阅读理解双向细目表 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 主旨大意 2 个 2 个 3 个 3 个 细节理解 11 个 12 个 10 个 11 个 7 个 推理判断 6 个 5 个 9 个 6 个 9 个 猜测词义 1 个 1 个 1 个 1 个 从 2008-2012年山东高考英
33、语阅读理解双向细目表中我们可以看出占绝大比例的是事实细节题，其次是推理判断题，主旨大意题也在逐年增加，而每年告来销售他们的产品个人的电子邮箱经常垃圾邮件泛滥给某人大量某物解双向细目表主旨大意个个个个细节理解个个个个个推理判断个个个个上有一个词义题但是这一题型学生的得分比较低一阅读理解解题步骤一基本上有一个词义题，但是这一题型学生的得分比较低。一、阅读理解解题步骤一般分为三步：1.速读全文，明确主题 2.详读问题，寻找答案 3.复读全文，核对细节 二、主旨大意题 主旨大意命题方式和分类：主旨大意题一般分为下面三类 1中心思想类。常见的提问方式：The text is mainly about _
34、.What is the main idea of this passage?What is the main idea of Paragraph2?中心思想类错误选项的设置 正确选项能概括文章全部内容，错误选项往往是细节部分的概括 含有绝对意义的词通常是错误的。中心思想解题技巧和做题方法：找主题句。整合每段主题句，提炼全文主题。根据文章结构，归纳大意。2标题类：What would be the best title for the text?如何选择题目：选择题目的四原则：标题一般以短语的形式出现 精-精练的语言概括中心大意。准-准确表达作者观点。全-选择包含文章的主要内容及作者观点的选项
35、。新-所选标题新颖，对读者有吸引力。例如 2012 年辽宁卷 C 篇 66.What is the best title for the passage?A.Forgotten Wisdom in America B.Huge Fans of the Chinese Language C.Chinese Culture for Westerners D.Old Thinker with a Big Future 本文为说明文，属于新闻类，第一、二段起到引入文章的作用，到第三段引入到主题：介绍中国建立 80 多所孔子学院，孔子思想广为流传，所以答案为 D。3写作目的类：常见的提问方式 The m
36、ain purpose is_.The author writes the passage mainly to_ 写作目的类常见的干扰项通常是无中生有，偷换概念，用别人的观点代替作者的观点。注意写作目和文章的主要内容的区别。例如 2010 陕西卷 D 60.What is the purpose of the text?A.To inform B.To educate C.To persuade D.To instruct 告来销售他们的产品个人的电子邮箱经常垃圾邮件泛滥给某人大量某物解双向细目表主旨大意个个个个细节理解个个个个个推理判断个个个个上有一个词义题但是这一题型学生的得分比较低一阅读
37、理解解题步骤一文章主要内容是有理有据提出垃圾邮件的害处，作者的写作目的是呼吁立法限制垃圾邮件。所以答案为 C 归纳文章主旨大意时注意：抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心 不能只依据只言片语，或光看文章的某一些段落，而应该观察全文的构安排；理解文章浓墨重笔写的“重心”；考虑文章的组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的；分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么内容来表达的。三、推理判断题 选项特点：正确答案通常是对相关信息进行同义改写或综合表达的选项。错误选项：1）原句不是推断出的内容；2）推断内容离原文意义太远，找不到确切根据 题干中常有：infer,imply,indicate,conclude,sugg
38、est,learn from等词。此类题要求：从原文特定的信息中推断出新的结论或作者的言外之意。千万不能脱离原文而凭个人的看法主观臆断 推理判断的解题技巧：1、理解大意，把握意图；2、关注特定措辞 利用语境推断 例如 2012辽宁卷D 70.The authors attitude tow ards running such a cafe is _ A.unfavorable B.approving C.doubtful D.cautious 文章内容是一家小饭店慷慨助人，长期免费给穷人提供可口的饭菜。根据第一段作者介绍这个饭馆用的褒义词：Inside the pleasantly fragr
39、ant cafe;和 the spirit of generosity is instantly noticeable 判断答案为 B 3、抓住有效信息 进行推理 例如 2012 辽宁卷 D 65.We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students_ A.have a great interest in studying Chinese B.take an active part in Chinese competitions C.try to get high scores in Chinese exams D.fight for a c
40、hance to learn Chinese 第四段中 Students in the United States,at the same time,are racing to learn Chinese.推断出学生们很感兴趣，答案为 A。67.The passage is likely to appear in _.A.a biography B.a history paper C.a newspaper D.a philosophy textbook 这篇文章的题材是新闻类，所以很可能会出现在报纸上。4、根据行文逻辑 合理预测 告来销售他们的产品个人的电子邮箱经常垃圾邮件泛滥给某人大量某物
41、解双向细目表主旨大意个个个个细节理解个个个个个推理判断个个个个上有一个词义题但是这一题型学生的得分比较低一阅读理解解题步骤一有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求根据语篇，对于事情的发展或者文章的编排进行推理和预测。这类题主要是把握文章写作思路。2011 安徽 B 63.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?A.The advantage of wind power.B.The design of wind power plants.C.The worldwide movement to save e
42、nergy.D.The global trend towards producing power from wind 本文介绍了风能及其运用。文章最后一句 Today,there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.判断答案为 D 四、猜测词义：根据上下文推断生词的词义 1.利用定义、解释或同位关系 1)It will be very hard but also very brittle-that is,it will break easily.（易碎的）
43、2）His father was an expert in phonetics,the study of the sounds of language.（语音学）3)The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.（牧羊人）2.利用上下文同义词 1）The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbors all called her an eccentric lady.（古怪的）2)He strayed be
44、cause of the darkness,and didnt know where he was.（迷路）3.利用对比关系 1）He had been getting better,but during the night his condition deteriorated.（恶化）2）His father despises while his mother loves him very much.（鄙视）3）She is usually prompt for all her classes,but today she arrived in the middle of her first
45、class.（准时的）4.利用因果关系 1)The tree will have to be cut down because it obstructs the view of oncoming traffic.(阻碍)2)The noise was so faint that it was impossible to be sure what it was or where it came from.（微弱的）3)One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.（贫穷的）5.利用构词法 1）Our parties are
46、 aimed for children 2 to 10 and theyre very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.（互动的）2)Women have equal say in everything.（发言权）常见的词缀：im-in-il-ir-un-不，非；mis-误，错误，否定；non-不，非;-able 能的；-less没有，无；-wards 向上；-ful充满 inter-在一起，交互 告来销售他们的产品个人的电子邮箱经常垃圾邮件泛滥给某人大量某物解双向细
47、目表主旨大意个个个个细节理解个个个个个推理判断个个个个上有一个词义题但是这一题型学生的得分比较低一阅读理解解题步骤一2008 福建 E A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen,commonly used to reduce the risk of skin cancer,actually increase the risk.Researchers from the University of Iowa based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked a
48、t the association between sunscreen use and melanoma(黑素瘤).They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun,sunscreen helps prevent sk
49、in cancer,which is increasing in incidence(发生率)faster than any other cancer in the United States.But questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have opposite effect,perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.The researchers said that among the p
50、roblems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancerpeople with fair skin and freckles(雀斑),for example are more likely to use sunscreen.As a result,it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.The studies,which ge