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1、 LESSON EIGHT 四种完成时态 主系表 此刻：You are rich.过去：You were rich.以后：You will be rich.过去以后：You would be rich.There be 此刻：There is a book on the desk.过去：There was a book on the desk.以后：There will be a book on the desk.过去以后：There would be a book on the desk.主谓宾状 此刻：You study English in the school.过去时：You stud
2、ied English in the school.以后时:You will study English in the school.You are going to study English.You are to study English.You are about to study English 过去以后：You would study English in the scho You were going to study English.You were to study English.You were about to study English.You are studyin
3、g English.You were studying English.You will be studying English.You woud be studying English.课堂练习 1：你明白你们老师的爸爸昨天什么缘故要打 beat他？2：你明白你们班的那个女小孩如何成为你们班最好的学生吗？3：你明白昨天他们家的狗什么缘故咬 bit bite 你吗？4：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语.5：你明白你们学校的图书馆去年有多少图书吗？6:你明白他的父亲何时死的吗？7：你明白老鼠 mouse什么缘故爱大米 rice 吗？8：你明白你们老师明年打算写多少本书吗？9：你明白你们老师此刻在哪
4、吃午饭的吗?10：你明白昨天晚上 7 点半你爸爸和你妈妈在客厅里做什么呢吗？11：那个医生告知我他临时在那个医院帮忙。课堂答案 1：你明白你们老师的爸爸昨天什么缘故要打 beat他？Do you know why your teachers father beat him yesterday?2：你明白你们班的那个女小孩如何成为你们班最好的学生吗？Do you know how the pretty girl of your class becomes the best students?3：你明白昨天他们家的狗什么缘故咬 bit bite 你吗？Do you know why the dog
5、 of his family bit you yesterday?4：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语.Yesterday,my mother asked me where I was going to study English.5：你明白你们学校的图书馆去年有多少图书吗？Do you know how many books there were in the library of your school yesterday?6:你明白他的父亲何时死的吗？Do you know when his father died?7：你明白老鼠 mouse什么缘故爱大米 rice 吗？Do you kn
6、ow why the mouse loves rice?8：你明白你们老师明年打算写多少本书吗？Do you know how many books your teacher is going to write nest year?9：你明白你们老师此刻在哪吃午饭的吗?Do you know where your teacher is having lunch?10：你明白昨天晚上 7 点半你爸爸和你妈妈在客厅里做什么呢吗？Do you know what your father and mother were doing in the living room at half past 7 y
7、esterday?11：那个医生告知我他临时在那个医院帮忙。The doctor told me that he was helping in the hospital.四种完成时态 完成时态的组成 句型 时态 主系表 主谓宾 现在完成 have(has)been have(has)done 过去完成 had been had done 将来完成 will have been will have done 过去将来完成 would have been would have done 此刻完成时态的大体用法 1.表示一个过去发生的动作对此刻产生的结果和阻碍。应该明确此刻完成时态属于此刻时态的范围
8、。它所强调的不是过去发生的动作，而是对此刻产生的结果和阻碍。不然用一样过去时态就够了。请看下面的对话。AWe will send some one to America.咱们要派一个人去美国。BI have been there.我去过美国。=I was there and I know the country very well.Would you send me there?我去过那儿，很了解那个国家。能派我去吗？CI have not been there.我还没去过那儿呢。=I didnt go to America.It is my turn.我没去过。这次该我了。上面对话的前提是大
9、伙儿都抢着去美国。因此 B 用此刻完成时态是想说明自己有体会，派他去好。而 C 用此刻完成时态是说自己没去过，轮也该轮到他了。两句都是强调对此刻产生的阻碍。Did you have lunch?Have you had lunch?Did you study English?Have you studied English?Laochang died?Laochang has died?Who was herer?Who has been here?Have you done your homework 2.表示过去发生的动作一直持续到此刻。通经常使用于持续性较强的动词，例如：live,stu
10、dy,wait for,be等等，而且常常与 since,for连用，since 给出的是过去的一个时刻点，如 since 1958,而 for 往往给出的是一个时刻段，如 for three years。He has studied English for eight years.Since 1980,they have known each other.注：完成时态表示延续的用法不可跟非延续动词连用，如：die,go,leave,receive等。请看下面例句：His father has died for three years.His father has been dead for
11、three years.第一句是错的。“死”那个动作不可能延续。但一种状态却能够延续。第二句用主系表句型是对的。过去完成时态，以后完成时态和过去以后完成时态 学习完成时态应注意，所有完成时态在“态”的概念上是一样的，此刻完成时态、过去完成时态、以后完成时态、过去以后完成时态所不同的只是时刻上的概念。因此咱们只要把握此刻完成时态，然后在时刻上向过去推即是过去完成时态，向以后推即是以后完成时态。3 完成时态在主从句中的用法 完成时态除上面讲到的两种大体用法之外，在主从句中通常能够用来表示主句与从句动作发生的前后顺序。Do you know he has finished his homework?
12、此刻完成时态“has finished”表示发生在一样此刻时态“know”之前。I heard he had bought a new car.过去完成时态“had bought”表示发生在过去时态“heard”之前。此刻完成时态“have had supper”强调吃过饭以后，即强调从句动作发生在主句之前。从上面几个例句能够看出，在主从句中此刻完成时态往往表示发生在另一个此刻时态的动作之前，而过去完成时态则表示发生在另一个过去时态的动作之前。请注意下面的例句：以上简单地介绍了在主从句中完成时态的用法。请同窗们在做练习时多加注意。一、完成下列句子。1.He said （他从未去过西藏 Tibe
13、t）.2.（他从未给我写过信）since he left Beijing.3.He said （他下月底就不用我的照相机了camera）.4.I hope （雨会在明天中午前停下来）.5.By the end of that year （他已集了一千多张中国邮票）.6.I really dont know （他是不是已经到了实验室 laboratory）.7.The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer （在他经历了如此的情形以后）.8.I could not remember whether （他已经付了字典钱）.9.Im afraid I
14、（到时尚未找到正确的答案）.10.Dont worry.Before I get home I （就会把这件事全忘光的）.二、完成下列句子。1He said that he had never been to Tibet.（他从未去过西藏Tibet）.2 He hasnt written to me（他从未给我写过信）since he left Beijing.3He said that he would have done with(have used)my camera by the end of next month.（他下月底就不用我的照相机了 camera）.4I hope that
15、 the rain will have stopped by tomorrow noon.（雨会在明天中午前停下来）.5 By the end of that year he had collected more than a thousand Chinese stamps.（他已集了一千多张中国邮票）.6 I really dont know whether he has got to the laboratory or not.他是不是已经到了实验室 laboratory）.7 The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer after he
16、 has experienced such a thing.（在他经历了如此的情形以后）.Has gone through 8 I could not remember whether he had paid for the dictionary.（他已经付了字典钱）9Im afraid I wont have got the correct answer by then.（到时尚未找到正确的答案）.10.Dont worry.Before I get home I will have forgotten all about the matter.（就会把这件事全忘光的）.三、完成下列句子。1
17、.He said （他从未去过西藏 Tibet）.2.（他从未给我写过信）since he left Beijing.3.He said （他下月底就不用我的照相机了 camera）.4.I hope （雨会在明天中午前停下来）.5.By the end of that year （他已集了一千多张中国邮票）.6.I really dont know （他是不是已经到了实验室laboratory）.7.The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer （在他经历了如此的情形以后）.8.I could not remember whether （他已
18、经付了字典钱）.9.Im afraid I （到时尚未找到正确的答案）.10.Dont worry.Before I get home I （就会把这件事全忘光的）.二、时态选择。（该题全数取自于全国高考原卷）1.What do you want _ those old boxes?To put things in when I move to the new flat.A.by B.for C.of D.with 2.he start at once or wait for a while?Let him start at once.AWill BWould CDoes DShall 3.I
19、 cant tell you if it tomorrow.Awill rain Brains Cshall rain Ddoes rain 4.Did you watch the play on CCTV 1 last night?It was really good.No,I didn?“Tea House”.A.What was it B.Whats on C.What was it about D.How about it 5.Can you give me the right answer?Sorry,I _ Would you repeat that question?Ahadn
20、t listened Bhavent listened Cdont listen Dwasnt listening 6.I promised to get there before 5 oclock,but now the rain is pouring downThey _ for me impatiently Amay wait Bought to wait Ccould wait Dmust be waiting 7.Havent seen you for ages!Do you still work in Fuzhou?s two years since I worked there.
21、A.Yes,I have B.Yes,I do C.No,I havent D.No,I dont 8.Goodbye,Peter,remember me to your parents._.A.Its very kind of you to say so B.Thanks,I will C.You are so kind D.Thanks,what a good idea 9.You are talking too much.Only at home.No one _ me but you.A.is hearing B.had heard C.hears D.heard 10.We want
22、 someone to design the new art museum for us.the young fellow have a try?A.May B.Shall C.Will D.Need 11.I wonder why Jenny _us recently.We should have heard from her by now.A.hasnt written B.doesnt write C.wont write D.hadnt written 12.I didnt like aunt Lucy,who _without warning and presenting A.alw
23、ays turned up B.has always turned up C.was always turned up D.was always turning up 13.Has Tommy finished his homework yet?I have no idea;he it this morning.A.was doing B.had been doing C.has done D.did 14.The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going t
24、o find it.A.had cried;lost B.cried;had lost C.has cried;has lost D.cries;has lost 15.Hey,look where you are going?Oh,I m terribly sorry_.A.Im not noticing B.I wasnt noticing C.I havent noticed D.I dont notice 16.Do you know your town at all?No,this is the first time I _ here.A.was B.have been C.came
25、 D.am coming 17.Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be 18._ my glasses?Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen 19.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.A.
26、had met B.have met C.met D.meet 20.Who is Jerry Cooper?_?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A.Don t you meet him yet B.Hadn t you met him yet C.Didn t you meet him yet D.Havent you met him yet 21.Helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home.A.has left;come
27、B.left;had come C.had left;came D.left;came 22.How long _ each other before they _ married?For about a year.A.have they known;get B.did they know;were going to get C.do they know;are going to get D.had they known;got 二、时态选择。（该题全数取自于全国高考原卷）1.What do you want _ those old boxes?To put things in when I
28、move to the new flat.A.by B.for C.of D.with do sth with sth or want sth with sth 意思是用什么东西或要什么东西做什么。2._ he start at once or wait for a while?Let him start at once.AWill BWould CDoes DShall Shall shall 表示征求对方意见。3.I cant tell you if it tomorrow.Awill rain Brains Cshall rain Ddoes rain will rain 表示以后发生的
29、事。4.Did you watch the play on CCTV 1 last night?It was really good.No,I didn?“Tea House”.A.What was it B.Whats on C.What was it about D.How about it .Whats on 意思是演的是什么。5.Can you give me the right answer?Sorry,I _ Would you repeat that question?Ahadn t listened Bhavent listened Cdont listen Dwasnt li
30、stening wasnt listening 表示适才一刹时，因此要用过去进行时。6.I promised to get there before 5 oclock,but now the rain is pouring downThey _ for me impatiently Amay wait Bought to wait Ccould wait Dmust be waiting must be waiting must be or must do都能够表示对目前的推测。该话应译成：想必他们等我等的不耐烦了。Must be must be doing Must have been Mu
31、st have done 7.Havent seen you for ages!Do you still work in Fuzhou?s two years since I worked there.A.Yes,I have B.Yes,I do C.No,I havent D.No,I dont 7.D.No,I dont Its two years since I worked there.此句应译成我已经有两年没在那里工作了。8.Goodbye,Peter,remember me to your parents._.A.Its very kind of you to say so B.
32、Thanks,I will C.You are so kind D.Thanks,what a good idea.Thanks,I will。在许诺他人时应该用 will 表示坚决。9.You are talking too much.Only at home.No one _ me but you.A.is hearing B.had heard C.hears D.heard 9.C.hears 表示事有效一样时。10.We want someone to design the new art museum for us.the young fellow have a try?A.May
33、 B.Shall C.Will D.Need .Shall shall 表示征求对方的意见。have a try 试一试，have a look 看一看。11.I wonder why Jenny _us recently.We should have heard from her by now.A.hasnt written B.doesnt write C.wont write D.hadnt written .hash t written 因为 recently表示过去延续到此刻，应用过去完成时。12.I didnt like aunt Lucy,who _without warning
34、 and presenting A.always turned up B.has always turned up C.was always turned up D.was always turning up .was always turning up,-be always doing表示不满。例如 My wife is always watching TV.我的妻子老是看电视。Turn up 意思是显现。该句应译成：我不喜爱我的婶子路西总不打招呼也不带礼物就突然显现。13.Has Tommy finished his homework yet?I have no idea;he it th
35、is morning.A.was doing B.had been doing C.has done D.did .was doing this morning表示一个很短的过去时刻，用过去进行时。14.The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it.A.had cried;lost B.cried;had lost C.has cried;has lost D.cries;has lost .cried;had lost,cry on
36、es heart out 哭得很悲伤。在主从句中过去完成时表示动作发生在一样过去时之前，此刻完成时是指动作发生在一样此刻时之前。强调主从句的时刻差。15.Hey,look where you are going?Oh,I m terribly sorry_.A.Im not noticing B.I wasnt noticing C.I havent noticed D.I dont notice 15.B 表示过的动作短暂用过去进行时。16.Do you know your town at all?No,this is the first time I _ here.A.was B.have
37、 been C.came D.am coming 16.B 从过到此刻的经历用此刻完成时。17.Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be 过去的状态持续到此刻用此刻完成时。18._ my glasses?Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A.Do you see B.Had you seen C.Would you see D.Have you seen 18.D 过去的
38、动作对此刻产生的阻碍用此刻完成时 19.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet 从过到此刻的经历用此刻完成时。20.Who is Jerry Cooper?_?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A.Don t you meet him yet B.Hadn t you met him yet C.Didn t you meet him yet D.Havent you met him yet 20.D
39、过去的动作对此刻产生的阻碍用此刻完成时。21.Helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home.A.has left;come B.left;had come C.had left;came D.left;came 动作发生在过去的过去，强调时刻差用过去完成时。22.How long _ each other before they _ married?For about a year.A.have they known;get B.did they know;were going to get C.do they know;are going to get D.had they known;got 动作发生在过去的过去，强调时刻差用过去完成时。