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1、精品文档精品文档“It is(was)that(who)”结构的强调句1.此强调结构的重要特征“强调”就是使句子的某一部分比一般情况下显得更加重要。英语表达中，强调句子的某一成分，一般可用强调句型“It is(was)+that(who)+句子的其余部分”。这种强调结构也是英语高中里最常见的强调句语法考查。此强调结构最重要的特征是it 在句中无具体指代意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用，并且去掉强调结构“It is(was)that(who)”后，剩下的句子部分仍能组成一个意思完整的句子，这便是区别名词性从句和状语从句进而判断是不是强调句型的关键。请认真揣摩下面一道高考原题：-Where did
2、you get to know her?（07 山东）-It was on the farm _ we worked.A.that B.there C.which D.where 答案 D。该句易误作强调句型，A 是强干扰项。这里 where we worked 是定语从句，修饰the farm。It 指“与她相识”这件事，有具体的指代意义，由此可知不是强调句。该题很容易受思维定势的影响误以为考察强调句。而平时大家一再强调，用强调句型时即使强调地点状语，也不能用 where 而用 that。该句如果要用“it was that”强调句型的话，可改写为“It was on the farm wh
3、ere we worked that I got to know her.”2.具体结构和具体注意点这种强调句的基本结构为“It+is（was）/should(could,might)be+被强调部分+that/who（whom）/whose+句子的其他成分”。如果被强调部分是人，用“that”,“who”,“whom”;如果被强调部分是物，用“that”或“which”；如果强调状语时，也只能用“that”,不能“when”,“where”和“why”。请理解以下句子：（1）It was the congress that played the decisive role in declar
4、ing the war.（2）It was because it rained heavily that they didnt go swimming.(不能用 why)在做强调句练习时，需要注意：a强调的成分通常为主语、宾语、宾补、状语等，而作表语的形容词不能用作强调：精品文档精品文档误：It is beautiful that Helen is.正：It is a beautiful lady that Helen is.b强调句中“who”或“that”后的谓语动词，应与前面被强调的名词或代词在人称、时态和数上保持一致：（1）It is I who am responsible for
5、the accident（人称）（2）It was Tom that/who painted the paper black yesterday.（时态）（3）More often it is the prime minister,but not the members of his cabinet,who visit other countries as the symbol of his country.（数）c.对否定句中的某部分进行强调时，要注意“not”的前移:（1）It was not in the street that I saw her.(比较:I didnt see her
6、 in the street.)两句话的意思一样吗？3.集中常见的变式和“It is/was+not until+被强调部分+that+”结构其实说变式是有些牵强的。因为所有的此类强调结构都符合一个特点，即it在句中无具体指代意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用，并且去掉强调结构“It is(was)that(who)”后，剩下的句子部分仍能组成一个意思完整的句子。只要符合这特点，此结构就可以用在其他句式当中。如：（1）Was it those that the professor regarded with such contempt?（反问句）注意在疑问句中，当宾语是“them”时，强调时要改为
7、“those”（2）Who was it that interviewed you?（特殊疑问句）（3）What a glorious bonfire it was that you made!（感叹句）（4）He told me that it was because he was ill that he was late.（宾语从句）“It is/was+not until+被强调部分+that+”结构最主要的难点是要理解其中 until前面的 not 是被提前，而不是用来否定 until后面的强调部分的。试辨析以下两个句子：（1）It was not until dark that he
8、 realized it was too late to return home.（2）The boy didn t have supper until his dad came back.根据第一句句意，not 应该是被提前，而不是否定“dark”，原来的语序应该为“He didn t realize it was too late to return home until dark.”,所以我们尽可以大胆断定这是一个强调句。第二句里的 not 是直接否定 have supper 的，是一个简单的“notuntil”表达。辨析这两个句子的用意就是在于使学生理解注意此强调结构中not 的特点，而不要考场时临时混淆。