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1、学习化学专业英语的学习化学专业英语的目的与意义目的与意义?与大家一块探讨化学专业英语的教与学 The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds:1)Naming metal oxides,bases and salts:a)all monatomic anions have names ending with ide;two polyatomic anions which also have names ending with ide are the hydroxide ion OH-,and the cyanide ion,CN-.b)Many polyatom
2、ic anions contain oxygen in addition to another element.The number of oxygen atoms in such oxyanions is denoted by the use of the sulffixes ite and ate,meaning fewer and more oxygen atoms.The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds:In cases where it is necessary to denote more then two oxyanions of the
3、same element,the prefixes hypo and per,meaning still fewer and still more oxygen atoms,respectively,may be used.e.g.hypochlorite(ClO-),chlorite(ClO2-),chlorate(ClO3-),perchlorate(ClO4-);permanganate(MnO4-).The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds:2)Naming nonmetal oxides:The prefixes used are mono-(m
4、on-),di-,tri-,tetra-,penta-,hexa-,hepata-,octa-,nona-and deca-.Generally the letter a is omitted from the prefix(from tetra on)when naming a nonmetal oxide and often mono-is omitted from the name altogether.E.g.SO3 sulfur(VI)oxide or sulfur trioxide;N2O3 nitrogen(III)oxide or dinitrogen trioxide P2O
5、5 phosphorus(V)oxide or diphosphorus pentoxideThe Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds:3)Naming acids:-ate -ic acid -ite -ous acid -ide hydro-ic acidE.g.:acetate acetic acid;chlorite chlorous acid;cyanide hydrocyanic acid;permanganate permanganic acid.化学专业英语与英文化学论文写作1.论文的框架结构论文的框架结构:Instructions for
6、Authors（内容，格式，内容，格式，参考文献的引法以及打印的方式）参考文献的引法以及打印的方式）对对分分析析化化学学，无无机机化化学学，物物理理化化学学及及配配位位化学的论文，最常见的格式为化学的论文，最常见的格式为:Abstract-Introduction-Experimental-Results and Disscussion1.论文的框架结构论文的框架结构对有机化学，金属有机方面的论文常见的写法为Introduction-Results&Discussion-Experimental.此外，一篇完整的论文还应有一个 Graphical Abstract、Abstract、Refer
7、ence、Corresponding Author 和 Acknowledgement。其他类型的文章还有：Review、Letter and Short Paper.2.时态与语态时态与语态正确使用时态和语态，能使句子充满情感，使文章大放异彩。在化学论文中，最常用的时态有三种，既现在时、过去时和现在完成时；主动态与被动态都可使用，很少使用虚拟语气。AbstractThe development of a highly efficient and stereoselective methodology for the preparation of R-amino acids is descri
8、bed.The chiral template,tricyclic iminolactone 7,was synthesized from(1R)-(+)-camphor in five steps in 50%overall yield.Alkylation of iminolactone 7 afforded the a-monosubstituted products in good yields(74-96%)and excellent diastereoselectivities(98%).Hydrolysis of the alkylated iminolactones furni
9、shed the desired a-amino acids in good yields and enantioselectivities with nearly quantitative recovery of the chiral auxiliary 4.Introduction Nonproteinogenic amino acids have received tremendous attention recently.They are widely used for biological,biochemical,and pharmaceutical studies.They hav
10、e also been utilized as chiral starting materials in organic synthesis and for the preparation of chiral auxiliaries.Rapid progress in the development of active peptides requires the ready availability of a large number of structurally diverse D-amino acids.Consequently,an efficient and convenient g
11、eneral method for the preparation of optically pure enantiomers of a-substituted a-amino acids would be of general interest.As part of our effort to develop synthetic procedures for the preparation of optically active R-amino acids,we have investigated the utility of compounds derived from camphor,a
12、 versatile and inexpensive chiral starting material in asymmetric synthesis,as chiral auxiliaries.In developing an asymmetric glycine equivalent,we focused our attention on the camphor-based tricyclic iminolactone 7 for the following reasons:(1)A cyclic system will allow for a more rigid transition
13、state than the corresponding acyclic one,which could enhance the steric effect of the auxiliary in controlling the stereochemistry of the reaction.(2)Unlike acyclic esters,lactones give rise to only the Z-enolates,which in turn will provide a single alkylated product if the electrophile approaches s
14、pecifically from one of the enolate reaction faces.(3)The C12-methyl group of camphor could block the top face of the alkylation step and thus result in good stereoselectivity.(4)Both the imine and the lactone functionalities can be hydrolyzed easily to form the amino acids with the possibility of r
15、ecovering the chiral auxiliary.(5)Camphor is inexpensive and readily available.Therefore,iminolactone 7 is expected to form a rigid transition state upon deprotonation and the electrophile is expected to come in from the less hindered bottom side of the lactone to produce the alkylated product in hi
16、gh diastereomeric purity.We now report a practical and highly stereoselective route to the synthesis of R-amino acids via this tricyclic iminolactone derivative of camphor.3复合词的构成随着科学技术的发展，新材料、新方法、新概念不断涌现，为了及时描述这些新事物，通常可用几个词连接起来用。这些新出现的合成术语没有固定的构词法，很大程度取决于作者最初的命名。如：Space nuclear auxiliary power（空间核辅
17、助能源）Programmed temperature gas chromatography（程序升温气相色谱）。4常用的词头与词尾a 常用词头：anti-反对，反抗；antiforthing agent（消泡剂）；auto-自动，自身；autoimmune（自身免疫）；bi-di-双，二及联；此外bi-还含有“酸式”之意；bifunctional extractant,biborate,diacyl（二酰基）；by-副的，次要的；co-共，一起；co-worker;co-exist.de-去，出去；deprotonation,deionized water;a.常用词头：dis-无，解除；di
18、sorder（无序），displace（顶换）；equi-等同；equilibrium（平衡），equivalence（相当，等价）；hemi-半；hemiacetal，hemiglobin（变性血红素,高铁血红）；hetero-其 他 的,不 同 的,异；heteroaromatic compound（芳香杂环化合物），heterocatalysis（非均相催化，异相催化）；homo-相同；homogeneous（同类的,相似的,均一的）；hyper-超级,超过,超越,在.之上,高于,过度；hypersensitive（非常敏感的）；inter-在一起,交互；interaction ener
19、gy（相互作用能）；mono-单一；monoatomic semiconductor（单质半导体）；monoacid（一元的,单酸的）；multi-多，多 种，多 个；multi-user（多 用 户）；multianalysis（多元分析）；non-非,无,不；non-ferrous（有色金属的，非铁或钢的）；poly-多的,多个的,多于一的；polyacetylene（聚乙炔）；polymer（聚合体）；semi-半,不完全地；semiabstract(绘画、雕塑)半抽象的；sub-下，在下；低于，次于，副；亚，次；sub-post office（邮政支局）；subscript（写在下方的
20、，下标）；biology;physiology（生理学）；monoacid（一元的,单酸的）；-graph 名词词尾；此外，一篇完整的论文还应有一个The Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds:They have also been utilized as chiral starting materials in organic synthesis and for the preparation of chiral auxiliaries.semiabstract(绘画、雕塑)半抽象的；Instructions for Authors（内容，格式，参考文献的引
21、法以及打印的方式）-ish 形容词词尾,带色的；c/o=care of 由转交；(3)The C12-methyl group of camphor could block the top face of the alkylation step and thus result in good stereoselectivity.2)Naming nonmetal oxides:super-上面，超；We now report a practical and highly stereoselective route to the synthesis of R-amino acids via th
22、is tricyclic iminolactone derivative of camphor.此外，一篇完整的论文还应有一个equilibrium（平衡），equivalence（相当，等价）；这些新出现的合成术语没有固定的构词法，很大程度取决于作者最初的命名。-meter 名词词尾;thermometer（温度计）；anti-反对，反抗；multianalysis（多元分析）；化学专业英语与英文化学论文写作nitrite,sulfite;In cases where it is necessary to denote more then two oxyanions of the same
23、element,the prefixes hypo and per,meaning still fewer and still more oxygen atoms,respectively,may be used.b)Many polyatomic anions contain oxygen in addition to another element.-ide,名词词尾,化物，bromide,chloride,hydroxide,cyanide.N2O3 nitrogen(III)oxide or dinitrogen trioxideCA中的缩写词很多，查阅时可参见相应卷中的说明，或查阅缩
24、略语大词典；-ate,名词词尾;酸盐（酯）；Programmed temperature gas chromatography（程序升温气相色谱）。hypochloriteIn developing an asymmetric glycine equivalent,we focused our attention on the camphor-based tricyclic iminolactone 7 for the following reasons:(1)A cyclic system will allow for a more rigid transition state than t
25、he corresponding acyclic one,which could enhance the steric effect of the auxiliary in controlling the stereochemistry of the reaction.2)Naming nonmetal oxides:与大家一块探讨化学专业英语的教与学-ite,名词词尾,亚酸盐（酯）；super-上面，超；superscript（写在上边的，上角文字，上标）；supersaturate（使过度饱和）；syn-共,合；synchronal（同时的,同步的）；ultra-极 端，过 度；ultra
26、 purity（超 纯 度）；ultravacuum（超真空）；under-不 足；undercharge（充 电 不 足）；underconstrained（约束过少的，无定解的，未限定的）hypo-在.之下,亚,次,次于,不足,从属于；hypochlorite（次氯酸盐）；per-高；permanganate（高锰酸盐）；b.常见的词尾：-ance,-ence,-ancy,-ency 均为名词词尾；importance,difference,efficiency;-ant,-ent 既可作名词词尾又可作形容词词尾；solvent,constant,important,different.-
27、fold 在数词后表示“倍”；five-fold;-free 无的；dust-free,solvent-free;-graph 名词词尾；monograph（专著）；spectrograph（光谱仪）；-ible,-ic,-ical 形容词词尾;visible,metallic,systematic;-ish 形容词词尾,带色的；yellowish;b.常见的词尾：-less 形容词词尾,无&不含 colourless;-logy 名词词尾，学；biology;physiology（生理学）；-ment,-ness,名词词尾;measurement,hardness;-meter 名词词尾;t
28、hermometer（温度计）；-ide,名词词尾,化物，bromide,chloride,hydroxide,cyanide.-ite,名词词尾,亚酸盐（酯）；nitrite,sulfite;-ate,名词词尾;酸盐（酯）；nitrate,sulfate,carborate;5常见的缩写词CA中的缩写词很多，查阅时可参见相应卷中的说明，或查阅缩略语大词典；这里我们所讲的是一般论文中出现的缩写词。B.C.=Before Christ 公元前 ca.=circa 大约；cf.=confer 参见，比较；c/o=care of 由转交；Ex.=example 例子，例如；etc.=et cetera 等等；5常见的缩写词et al.=et alibi 以及其他；e.g.=exempli gratia(=for example)例如；eq.=equation 方程式，id.=idem 同著者i.e.=that is 即，就是；N.B.=nota bene(=note well)注意；ref.=reference 参考文献；via=by way of 经由，经过；vice vera 反之亦然；vs=versus(=against)对6.化学专业英语与化学文献化学专业英语与化学文献 利用英特网查阅化学文献等；CA on CD,Beilstein Data base谢谢观看谢谢观看