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1、CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTIMarketingLeadershipPresented by:Eden H.C.ChenSix Sigma AcademyCTI Group,USAR&DSelf-SupportsProcessIndependentlyVariationReductionWastesReductionSixSigma StrategiesforExcellenceCTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTISix Sigma是一種經營管理理念，也是一套有系統的管理手法，目的是在
2、定義的目標之下，追求最小的變異，獲得最大的獲利水準。CTI集團陳憲章博士v 六標準差為一全面且具彈性的系統，可用於獲取、維持和擴大企業成功。六標準差的趨動要素，在於洞悉顧客之需，嚴格使用事實、資料、統計分析，以及全力關注業務流程的管理、改善和創新。The six sigma wayCTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI-Six Sigma is a management philosophy which search for-Six Sigma is a management philosophy which search for the pe
3、rfect without any significant variations based on the perfect without any significant variations based on the pre-set performance requirements.the pre-set performance requirements.-To define the requirements,finding out the undesirable-To define the requirements,finding out the undesirable outcomes(
4、y)and associating it with the possible inputs outcomes(y)and associating it with the possible inputs is the concepts to avoid,if not 100%sure,eliminate the is the concepts to avoid,if not 100%sure,eliminate the causes of variances in intent outputs.By doing so we causes of variances in intent output
5、s.By doing so we can minimize the waste lean.can minimize the waste lean.-Use best tools to achieve the goals of avoiding cause,-Use best tools to achieve the goals of avoiding cause,detect failure,&compensate the effects detect failure,&compensate the effectsSix Sigma Basic ConceptCTICollaborativeT
6、echnologymgt&Innovation CTITake a wild guess on what is the normal average mistakes by any given processed operation?Semi-Professionals are 7%(std dev.Is 6%)Professionals are 3%(std.dev.Is 2%)Absolute Professionals without check/balanceare 11%(std dev.Is 11%)For White Collar works For Blue Collar wo
7、rks Skilled Operators are 1%(std dev.Is.8%)without Error Proofing Options Unskilled Operators are 7%(std dev.Is 6.8%)without Error Proofing OptionsFor Instrument Control Operations Based on accuracy and sensitivity of the instrument it can be anything from 0.05%to 3.0%Likely,for most industry instru
8、ment it is around 0.5%CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTISupplyInputProcessOutputCustomerSupplyInputProcessOutputCustomer 供應者品質 供應者品質 輸輸 入入 流程功能流程功能 產出要求產出要求 客戶滿意客戶滿意i.e.i.e.KPIV KPIV i.e.VOC,i.e.VOC,CTC CTCi.e.i.e.可歸因的 可歸因的外在變異 外在變異(Assignable(Assignablecause)cause)i.e.i.e.一般內在 一般內在因素變異 因素
9、變異&KCC&KCC etc.etc.i.e.i.e.CTQ CTQ Spec.Spec.KPC,KPC,&etc.&etc.SIPOC 的觀念CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTIInputProcessOutput 首先看一看輸入與輸出的關係首先看一看輸入與輸出的關係CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTIOutputInputYX如果結果只被一個輸入因素影響，則 1:1,such as Y=X.CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI套模零件尺
10、寸模具尺寸YX範例：在無外部噪音與內 部變因的完美狀況CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI擲一塊硬幣的機率CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTIDistribution(分配)and Probability(機率)Frequency1 2 3 4 6 5 4 3 2 1 50.027 0.056 0.063 0.111 0.139 0.167 0.139 0.111 0.063 0.056 0.027%2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12CTICollaborativeTechno
11、logymgt&Innovation CTI兩粒骰子的機率和出現次數頻率圖0.180.160.140.120.100.080.060.040.020.機率出現次數1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTImean-1s-3s-2s 2s 3s 1s68%95%99.7%中心線與標準差CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTIOutputInputYX然而在很多條件情況下，結果是一個分佈CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovatio
12、n CTIUndesirable Undesirable非期待 非期待流程/製程Input InputDesirable Desirable期待 期待Output OutputControl ControlControl ControlNoisesNoises噪音噪音Man Man 人 人Machine Machine 機 機Material Material 料 料Method Method 法 法Environment Environment環境 環境CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI考慮噪因(noise)的情況OutputInputY
13、XNoiseCTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI流程/製程Man Man 人 人Machine Machine 機 機Material Material 料 料Method Method 法 法Environment Environment環境 環境Input Input好的產品 好的產品有缺點的 有缺點的產品 產品Output OutputProcess Control&Process Control&SPC SPCQuality inspection&SQC Quality inspection&SQC 品質檢驗 品質檢驗&統計品管 統計
14、品管洪水 洪水,地震 地震,罷工等 罷工等在實際的環境下CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTIControl Control Control ControlMMMMEMMMMEMMMMEMMMMEY#1#2#3#lastOutput=InputY1=X1Y1=F(X1)Y1=F(Xi)Y1=F(Xi)Y1=F(Xi)Yj=F(Xi)有多少輸出變數？有多少輸入變數？那幾個是重要輸出變數？那幾個是重要輸入變數？將重要輸出變數與重要輸入變數連結現實環境下的流程模式CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI
15、OutputYY=X1+X2+X3+Xn結果就更複雜了當不是只有一個輸入變數時Input X1Input X2Input X3Input XnCTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI工程下規集中點工程上規完美狀態.工程規格與實際產出現象CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI工程下規 工程上規Target幾乎完美接近完美大多數狀況CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTISpec.Limit+/-1+/-2+/-3+/-4+/-5+/-6 Percent
16、(%)68.2795.4599.7399.993799.99994399.9999998Possible Defective ppm3173004500270083.57.002完美狀況理論值Spec.Limit+/-1+/-2+/-3+/-4+/-5+/-6 Percent(%)30.2369.1393.3299.379099.9767099.999660Possible Defective ppm6977003087006681062102333.4 大多數狀況實際值CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI現實的世界Spec.Limit+/-
17、1+/-2+/-3+/-4+/-5+/-6 Percent(%)30.2369.1393.3299.379099.9767099.999660Possible Defective ppm6977003087006680062102333.4 CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI分佈範圍與集中程度CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI失敗成本4 Sigma Condition-6,000 PPM(Defective Parts Per Million)6 Sigma Condition-3-4
18、PPM(Defective Parts Per Million)1%25%SalesSalesSource:Monro&Assoc.Inc.CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI企業經營成功的指標 投資報酬 未來成長的體質 客戶滿意度 保固成本回收(Warranty pay-off(DPTP)生產力 第一時間點的良率(1st Time yield and Quality)產業排比(Industrial Rating)CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI品質指標 允收水準(AQL/AOQL)SP
19、C with estimated defective rate&trend 製程(流程)能力指標Process Capability IndexCTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI1%不良的品質水準代表什麼意義？每小時有20 000郵件丟失每天有15分鐘飲用不淨水每周有5 000手術錯誤主要機場每天至少有4次事故每年有200 000藥物處方錯誤每月有七天停電CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI零缺點-“Almost(幾乎)”完美的流程設計當你買一瓶藥，你是否期待每一顆都是好的?當你搭飛機，你
20、是否期待每一次起飛與降落都成功?是否零缺點的觀念可以應用到你的流程上甚至產品上?28CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTISix Sigma的目標:面對全球市場與競爭力，消除變異追求最大的獲利目標 消除變異追求最大的獲利目標q不斷提高客戶滿意度q持續測量q提高制程能力q降低不良品q增加獲利 持續改善導致經營成功29CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTISixSigma成功策略過程內的數據資料引導決定過程內的數據資料引導決定Y=S F(Xi)流程內的各個輸出結果 流程內的各個輸出結果=各種機會各種
21、機會最終產品產出最終產品產出將將F(XF(Xii)作最大的發揮作最大的發揮,則就可控制則就可控制Y.Y.30CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI機 會？即刻 短期 因應(Reactive)解決現在的問題解決現在的問題 確實指出高風險的問題所在確實指出高風險的問題所在(such as cost,(such as cost,reworks,scraps,&ect.)reworks,scraps,&ect.)預見 長期 預應(Proactive)防止潛在的弱點造成問題防止潛在的弱點造成問題 指出潛在的機會指出潛在的機會31CTICollaborat
22、iveTechnologymgt&Innovation CTI MeasureAnalyzeImproveControlCharacterization CharacterizationOptimization Optimizationwithinthesystem withinthesystemSixSigma應用戰術-MAIC32CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTIDefine/定義掌握特性(Characterization)在體制內追求完美(Optimization)Control/管制Improve/改進Analyze/分析Measu
23、re/衡量SixSigma應用戰術-DMAIC33CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTIDefine/定義Control/管制DESIGN/重新設計Analyze/分析Measure/衡量掌握特性(Characterization)在體制外追求完美(Optimization)SixSigma應用戰術-DMADV34CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTIDefineDefine定義定義Validate/驗證Incorporate/組成團隊執行之Evaluate/評估Optimize/自我調適掌握特
24、性(Characterization)自我調適(Optimize)驗證執行SixSigma應用戰術-DEOVI35CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTIMAIC 現狀點的改善6sMeasurement ControlImprovement Analysis36CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTIDMAIC 是在現有體制之下變革式的改善6sMeasurement ControlImprovement AnalysisDefine37CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTIDMADV 是打破體制的突破式變革6sMeasurement ValidationDesign AnalysisDefine38CTICollaborativeTechnologymgt&Innovation CTIDEOVI 是在最早的時間點上將事情有效率的完成6sEvaluateIncorporateValidateOptimizeDefine39