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1、高中英语语法 高考二轮复习it考点讲义【精讲版】it 用作形式主语和形式宾语的用法归纳总结一、用作形式主语当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。如：It is stupid to do such a thing.做这种事真蠢。Its no good sitting up too late.熬夜没有好处。It is necessary that he should be sent there at once.有必要马上派他到那里去。注：类似以下句子中的it也可视为形式主语：It happened that the harvest
2、 was bad in 1988.碰巧1988年的收成很不好。It seems that she is afraid to tell them about it.似乎她怕将此事告诉他们。二、用作形式宾语当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。如：Ive made it a rule never to hurry.我已养成凡事从容不迫的习惯。Do you think it possible to root out crime?你认为可以根除犯罪吗?He found it difficult to breathe at hig
3、h altitudes.他觉得在高空呼吸困难。注：通常意义的形式宾语主要见于真正宾语为不定式、动名词、从句等且其后跟有宾语补足语时的情形，即用于“动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”这样的结构，但以下两类形式宾语却比较特殊，其后没有宾语补足语：1.由于介词后通常不能直接跟that从句作宾语，有个别特殊结构就在介词后先接it作形式宾语，再跟that从句。如：You may depend on it that it is true.你可以相信这是真的。I cant answer for it that he will help you.我不能保证他会帮你。When you start the en
4、gine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral.开发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。2.有的动词(如like, love, enjoy, hate, dislike, appreciate, prefer等)由于通常只用作及物动词，当它们后接if从句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。如：I dont like it when you call me “Boss”.我不喜欢你叫我叫老板。I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我不喜欢人们嘴里含着饭说话。W
5、e really appreciate it when she offered to help.她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。it用作形式主语可以代替哪些成分it用作形式主语时可代替不定式、动名词、从句等。一般说来，当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it。1.代替不定式It is difficult to make crossing over a sea.横渡大海是件难事。It is very easy to deal with Australians.与澳大利亚人打交道容易。It is dangerous to bath
6、e in the sea here.在这儿的海里游泳是危险的。It is her custom to go for a walk on Saturday morning.她惯常在星期六早上出去散步。It is difficult to breathe at these altitudes.在这些高的地方人们会感到呼吸困难。It is pleasant to walk among the trees in the evening.晚上在树林中走一走令人心旷神怡。It is advisable always to wear a safety belt when youre driving.开车的时
7、候最好总是系着安全带。2.代替动名词It is nice visiting new places.到陌生地方去玩真是有意思。It is mans social being that determines his thinking.人的社会存在决定人的思想。It is a bore having to go out again on a cold night like this.像今天这样的夜晚还得出门真烦死人。3.代替从句It is appropriate that he (should) be present.他应到场才对。It is astonishing to me that he sh
8、ould be absent.他竟未出席令我惊讶。It is well known that Edison invented the electric bulb.众所周知，是爱迪生发明了灯泡。It is desired that this rule should be brought to the attention of the staff.希望这条规则引起全体职员的注意。It is a question that needs very careful consideration.这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。(G31)It was astonishing to everybody that
9、the court had made such a decision.法庭作出这样的判决，所有人都感到很惊讶。It is amazing that she should have said nothing about the murder.令人惊奇的是她对这桩凶杀案竟然不置一词。it用作形式宾语可以代替哪些成分当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。如：1.代替不定式He found it easy to earn extra money.他发现赚点外快很容易。Foreigners find it difficult to
10、 learn Chinese.外国人觉得中文很难学。She found it difficult to answer the question.她发现回答这个问题很困难。Some teachers find it difficult to keep their classes in order.有的教师发现课堂秩序很难维持。Do you think it convenient to bring your lunch to school?你觉得把午饭带到学校去方便吗？The coughs of the people made it impossible to hear the speaker.人
11、们的咳嗽声使演讲人的话不能听到。Having been his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another.自己当老板已经这么久了，他觉得难以听从别人的差遣。2.代替动名词I found it interesting being back at school again.我发现再次回到学校很有意思。I find it interesting talking go you.我觉得同你谈话很有意思。I found it interesting being back at school a
12、gain.我发现再次回到学校很有意思。You must find it exciting working here.你一定会发现在此工作是很令人兴奋的。He found it very hard teaching a class full of indifferent teenagers.他发觉教一班无动于衷的十几岁的孩子真是头疼。As a single father, he found it a struggle bringing up three children.作为一名单身父亲，他发现带大三个孩子真不容易。3.代替从句I thought it certain that he would be late.我肯定他会迟到。Jan thinks it funny that Ive taken up yoga.简认为我练瑜伽功是可笑的。I find it amazing that you cant swim.你不会游泳可使我大吃一惊。I didnt think it likely that she would come back.我认为她不可能回来。学科网（北京）股份有限公司