气象科技英语翻译练习参考译.ppt

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1、气象科技英语翻译练习气象科技英语翻译练习Zhu WeijunZhu WeijunNIM NUISTNIM NUISTNanjing,China,September 2005 Prof.Zhu Weijun Prof.Zhu WeijunGraduate SchoolGraduate SchoolNanjing Institute of MeteorologyNanjing Institute of MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing University of Information Sc

2、ience&Technology气象科技英语翻译气象科技英语翻译1气象科技英语翻译练习气象科技英语翻译练习Zhu WeijunZhu WeijunNIM NUISTNIM NUIST内容及安排：内容及安排：1 1、怎样作学术论文报告？、怎样作学术论文报告？2 2、气象科技英语的基本词句。、气象科技英语的基本词句。3 3、科技英语表述的各个方面简介。、科技英语表述的各个方面简介。4 4、气象科技英语翻译练习。、气象科技英语翻译练习。2气象科技英语翻译练习气象科技英语翻译练习Zhu WeijunZhu WeijunNIM NUISTNIM NUIST华南前汛期降水异常与水汽输送的关系华南前汛期降水

3、异常与水汽输送的关系摘摘要要:采采用用19582000年年华华南南57站站前前汛汛期期日日降降水水资资料料和和NCEPNCAR逐逐日日水水汽汽输输送送再再分分析析资资料料,分分析析了了华华南南前前汛汛期期降降水水异异常常与与水水汽汽输输送送的的关关系系,并并对对旱旱、涝涝年年进进行行了了比比较较分分析析。结结果果表表明明:华华南南地地区区经经向向水水汽汽输输送送的的异异常常变变化化将将导导致致该该地地区区的的异异常常旱旱涝涝,而而纬纬向向水水汽汽输输送送的的异异常常变变化化只只导导致致该该地地区区出出现现小小范范围围的的降降水水异异常常。旱旱年年和和涝涝年年的的异异常常水水汽汽输输送送不不是是

4、简简单单的的反反位位相相关关系系。来来自自印印度度洋洋和和西西太太平平洋洋的的水水汽汽对对华华南南地地区区前前汛汛期期的的降降水水异异常常没没有有明明显显的的作作用用,南南海海(主要是其北部主要是其北部)才是华南降水异常的才是华南降水异常的关键区关键区。关键词关键词:华南前汛期华南前汛期;水汽输送水汽输送;降水异常降水异常(1)3气象科技英语翻译练习气象科技英语翻译练习Zhu WeijunZhu WeijunNIM NUISTNIM NUISTAn analysis on the relation between the precipitation anomaly of the first f

5、lood period in south China and the water vapor transportationAbstract:The relation between the precipitation anomaly of the first flood period in South China and the water vapor transportation is analyzed by using the daily precipitation data of 57 stations in South China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysi

6、s daily data for water vapor transportation form 1958 to 2000,and the differences between the drought year and flood year are studied.The results show that the meridian anomaly of water vapor transportation in south China causes drought or flood of south China,but the longitudinal anomaly only cause

7、 local precipitation anomaly,and that the water vapor transportation of drought years is not out-of-phase with that of flood years,and that the water vapor coming from the Indian Ocean and the West Pacific do not perform an obvious function on the precipitation anomaly of the first flood period in S

8、outh China,the South China sea(particularly the north of it)is the key area leading to the precipitation anomaly of the South China.Key words:the first flood period of South China;water vapor transportation;precipitation anomaly华南前汛期降水异常与水汽输送的关系华南前汛期降水异常与水汽输送的关系摘摘要要:采采用用19582000年年华华南南57站站前前汛汛期期日日降降水

9、水资资料料和和NCEPNCAR逐逐日日水水汽汽输输送送再再分分析析资资料料,分分析析了了华华南南前前汛汛期期降降水水异异常常与与水水汽汽输输送送的的关关系系,并并对对旱旱、涝涝年年进进行行了了比比较较分分析析。结结果果表表明明:华华南南地地区区经经向向水水汽汽输输送送的的异异常常变变化化将将导导致致该该地地区区的的异异常常旱旱涝涝,而而纬纬向向水水汽汽输输送送的的异异常常变变化化只只导导致致该该地地区区出出现现小小范范围围的的降降水水异异常常。旱旱年年和和涝涝年年的的异异常常水水汽汽输输送送不不是是简简单单的的反反位位相相关关系系。来来自自印印度度洋洋和和西西太太平洋的水汽对华南地区前汛期的降

10、水异常没有明显的作用平洋的水汽对华南地区前汛期的降水异常没有明显的作用,南海南海(主要是其北部主要是其北部)才是华南降水异常的关键区。才是华南降水异常的关键区。关键词关键词:华南前汛期华南前汛期;水汽输送水汽输送;降水异常降水异常(1)4气象科技英语翻译练习气象科技英语翻译练习Zhu WeijunZhu WeijunNIM NUISTNIM NUISTRelation between Precipitation Anomalies and Water Vapor Transportations during the first flood period in south China Abstr

11、act:The relationship between the precipitation anomaly and water vapor transportation of the first flood period in South China as well as their comparative features between the drought year and flood year is investigated on the basis of the 57 station daily precipitations in South China and the NCEP

12、NCAR reanalysis daily data for water vapor transportation form 1958 to 2000.Results show that the anomalies of meridianal water vapor transportation in south China is responsible for the widespread drought or flood over that region,while the zonal transport changes only cause precipitation anomalies

13、 in a smaller or local areas,and that the water vapor transportation feature in drought years is not simply just an out-of-phase contrast to that of flood years.Evidence further suggests that it is not the water vapor coming from the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans,but that from the key area of So

14、uth China Sea,particularly its north part,that plays an critical role in causing the precipitation anomalies during the first flood period in South China.Key words:the first flood period of South China;water vapor transportation;precipitation anomaly华南前汛期降水异常与水汽输送的关系华南前汛期降水异常与水汽输送的关系摘摘要要:采采用用1958200

15、0年年华华南南57站站前前汛汛期期日日降降水水资资料料和和NCEPNCAR逐逐日日水水汽汽输输送送再再分分析析资资料料,分分析析了了华华南南前前汛汛期期降降水水异异常常与与水水汽汽输输送送的的关关系系,并并对对旱旱、涝涝年年进进行行了了比比较较分分析析。结结果果表表明明:华华南南地地区区经经向向水水汽汽输输送送的的异异常常变变化化将将导导致致该该地地区区的的异异常常旱旱涝涝,而而纬纬向向水水汽汽输输送送的的异异常常变变化化只只导导致致该该地地区区出出现现小小范范围围的的降降水水异异常常。旱旱年年和和涝涝年年的的异异常常水水汽汽输输送送不不是是简简单单的的反反位位相相关关系系。来来自自印印度度洋

16、洋和和西西太太平洋的水汽对华南地区前汛期的降水异常没有明显的作用平洋的水汽对华南地区前汛期的降水异常没有明显的作用,南海南海(主要是其北部主要是其北部)才是华南降水异常的关键区。才是华南降水异常的关键区。关键词关键词:华南前汛期华南前汛期;水汽输送水汽输送;降水异常降水异常(1)5气象科技英语翻译练习气象科技英语翻译练习Zhu WeijunZhu WeijunNIM NUISTNIM NUIST天气雷达定量估测降水量不同方法效果评估天气雷达定量估测降水量不同方法效果评估摘摘要要:将将黄黄河河淮淮河河洪洪水水暴暴雨雨监监测测预预报报系系统统降降水水估估测测模模式式得得出出的的规规则则网网格格点点

17、上上的的降降水水与与雨雨量量计计实实测测值值进进行行比比较较,结结果果表表明明:将将地地面面雨雨量量计计值值作作为为真真值值,则则联联合合校校准准法法和和最最优优插插值值校校准准法法得得出出的的降降水水量量计计算算精精度度最最高高,变变分分法法得得到到的的结结果果不不是是很很理理想想,卡卡尔尔曼曼滤滤波波校校准准法法和和平平均均校校准准法法的的计计算算精精度度低低于于联联合合校校准准法法和和最最优优插插值值校校准准法法,Z-I关系法的精度最低。关系法的精度最低。关键词关键词:天气雷达天气雷达;区域降水区域降水;方法评估方法评估(2)6气象科技英语翻译练习气象科技英语翻译练习Zhu Weijun

18、Zhu WeijunNIM NUISTNIM NUISTEvaluation of the Precision of Weather Radar Rainfall Estimation AlgorithmsAbstract：Precipitation on ordered grid point which is obtained from the Radar Estimating Precipitation model(REP)of Huang River and Huaihe River is compared with in situ data of a rain-gage network

19、.The results show that if we take the value of ground rain-gage as real value,then the method of optimal interpolation and joint adjusting method have the lowest root mean square errors,while the results of variational method are not very well due to parameter choosing.The calculating precision of K

20、alman filter method and average method are lower than joint adjusting method and optimal interpolation method.The method of Z-I has the highest root mean square errors.Keywords:weather radar,regional precipitation,evaluation methods天气雷达定量估测降水量不同方法效果评估天气雷达定量估测降水量不同方法效果评估摘摘要要:将将黄黄河河淮淮河河洪洪水水暴暴雨雨监监测测预预报

21、报系系统统降降水水估估测测模模式式得得出出的的规规则则网网格格点点上上的的降降水水与与雨雨量量计计实实测测值值进进行行比比较较,结结果果表表明明:将将地地面面雨雨量量计计值值作作为为真真值值,则则联联合合校校准准法法和和最最优优插插值值校校准准法法得得出出的的降降水水量量计计算算精精度度最最高高,变变分分法法得得到到的的结结果果不不是是很很理理想想,卡卡尔尔曼曼滤滤波波校校准法和平均校准法的计算精度低于联合校准法和最优插值校准法准法和平均校准法的计算精度低于联合校准法和最优插值校准法,Z-I关系法的精度最低。关系法的精度最低。关键词关键词:天气雷达天气雷达;区域降水区域降水;方法评估方法评估(

22、2)7气象科技英语翻译练习气象科技英语翻译练习Zhu WeijunZhu WeijunNIM NUISTNIM NUISTEvaluation of the Precision ofWeather Radar Rainfall EstimationsAbstract:Calculating precision comparison is conducted of the ordered grid point rainfall based on the Radar Estimating Precipitation model(REP)for monitoring and predicting t

23、he torrential rainfall over the Huanghe and Huaihe Rivers to the in situ raingauge network precipitation.Results show that if the ground raingauge value is taken as real,then the root mean square errors in the model is least for the optimal interpolation and joint calibration methods,much larger for

24、 the Kalman filter and average methods and largest for the Z-I method,while the results of variational method are not good enough to evaluate due to the parameter choosing.Key words:weather radar;regional precipitation;evaluation of methods天气雷达定量估测降水量不同方法效果评估天气雷达定量估测降水量不同方法效果评估摘摘要要:将将黄黄河河淮淮河河洪洪水水暴暴雨

25、雨监监测测预预报报系系统统降降水水估估测测模模式式得得出出的的规规则则网网格格点点上上的的降降水水与与雨雨量量计计实实测测值值进进行行比比较较,结结果果表表明明:将将地地面面雨雨量量计计值值作作为为真真值值,则则联联合合校校准准法法和和最最优优插插值值校校准准法法得得出出的的降降水水量量计计算算精精度度最最高高,变变分分法法得得到到的的结结果果不不是是很很理理想想,卡卡尔尔曼曼滤滤波波校校准法和平均校准法的计算精度低于联合校准法和最优插值校准法准法和平均校准法的计算精度低于联合校准法和最优插值校准法,Z-I关系法的精度最低。关系法的精度最低。关键词关键词:天气雷达天气雷达;区域降水区域降水;方

26、法评估方法评估(2)8气象科技英语翻译练习气象科技英语翻译练习Zhu WeijunZhu WeijunNIM NUISTNIM NUIST(3)UV-B增强对冬小麦和菠菜影响的对比试验增强对冬小麦和菠菜影响的对比试验摘摘要要:通通过过大大田田试试验验对对比比研研究究了了紫紫外外辐辐射射UV-B增增强强对对冬冬小小麦麦和和圆圆叶叶菠菠菜菜株株高高、叶叶面面积积指指数数、干干物物质质累累积积量量的的影影响响以以及及叶叶绿绿素素和和类类黄黄酮酮的的变变化化。结结果果表表明明:紫紫外外辐辐射射UV-B增增强强对对冬冬小小麦麦和和圆圆叶叶菠菠菜菜株株高高、叶叶面面积积指指数数、干干物物质质累累积积有有着

27、着明明显显的的抑抑制制作作用用,同同时时还还使使叶叶绿绿素素含含量量下下降降,类类黄黄酮酮含含量量增增加加。对对比比可可以以看看出出,UV-B辐辐射射对对小小麦麦株株高高、叶叶面面积积、干干物物质质积积累累以以及及叶叶绿绿素和类黄酮含量的影响小于对菠菜的影响。素和类黄酮含量的影响小于对菠菜的影响。关键词关键词:UV-B辐射辐射;小麦小麦;菠菜菠菜;对比试验对比试验9气象科技英语翻译练习气象科技英语翻译练习Zhu WeijunZhu WeijunNIM NUISTNIM NUISTComparison of the Effects of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on Wh

28、eat and SpinachAbstract：The influences of the intensified Ultraviolet radiation(UV-B radiation,280320nm)on wheat and spinach are compared and analyzed in the present article.The results indicate that the enhanced UV-B tends to restrict the growth of wheat and spinach,shorter their height and smaller

29、 leaf area as well as the decreased dry substance accumulation and chlorophyll content while increase their flavonoid content.In addition,the experiment shows that the influence of spinach is more than wheat.Key words：UV-B radiation；wheat；spinach；contrast testUV-B增强对冬小麦和菠菜影响的对比试验增强对冬小麦和菠菜影响的对比试验摘摘要要

30、:通通过过大大田田试试验验对对比比研研究究了了紫紫外外辐辐射射UV-B增增强强对对冬冬小小麦麦和和圆圆叶叶菠菠菜菜株株高高、叶叶面面积积指指数数、干干物物质质累累积积量量的的影影响响以以及及叶叶绿绿素素和和类类黄黄酮酮的的变变化化。结结果果表表明明:紫紫外外辐辐射射UV-B增增强强对对冬冬小小麦麦和和圆圆叶叶菠菠菜菜株株高高、叶叶面面积积指指数数、干干物物质质累累积积有有着着明明显显的的抑抑制制作作用用,同同时时还还使使叶叶绿绿素素含含量量下下降降,类类黄黄酮酮含含量量增增加加。对对比比可可以以看看出出,UV-B辐辐射射对对小麦株高、叶面积、干物质积累以及叶绿素和类黄酮含量的影响小于对菠菜的影

31、响。小麦株高、叶面积、干物质积累以及叶绿素和类黄酮含量的影响小于对菠菜的影响。关键词关键词:UV-B辐射辐射;小麦小麦;菠菜菠菜;对比试验对比试验(3)10气象科技英语翻译练习气象科技英语翻译练习Zhu WeijunZhu WeijunNIM NUISTNIM NUISTContrast Experiments of EnhancedUV-B Radiation Effects on Wheat and SpinachAbstract:On the basis of field experiments comparison is conducted for the influences of

32、enhanced Ultraviolet radiation(UV-B radiation,280320nm)on the varied growth parameters of wheat and spinach.Results indicate that the enhanced UV-B tends to suppress the plants heights and dry matter accumulations,to reduce the chlorophyll contents and leaf areas,and to raise the flavonoid contents.

33、In addition,the enhanced UV-B seems to exerts more impacts on spinach than on wheat.Key words:UV-B radiation;wheat;spinach;contrast experimentUV-B增强对冬小麦和菠菜影响的对比试验增强对冬小麦和菠菜影响的对比试验摘摘要要:通通过过大大田田试试验验对对比比研研究究了了紫紫外外辐辐射射UV-B增增强强对对冬冬小小麦麦和和圆圆叶叶菠菠菜菜株株高高、叶叶面面积积指指数数、干干物物质质累累积积量量的的影影响响以以及及叶叶绿绿素素和和类类黄黄酮酮的的变变化化。结结

34、果果表表明明:紫紫外外辐辐射射UV-B增增强强对对冬冬小小麦麦和和圆圆叶叶菠菠菜菜株株高高、叶叶面面积积指指数数、干干物物质质累累积积有有着着明明显显的的抑抑制制作作用用,同同时时还还使使叶叶绿绿素素含含量量下下降降,类类黄黄酮酮含含量量增增加加。对对比比可可以以看看出出,UV-B辐辐射射对对小小麦麦株株高高、叶面积、干物质积累以及叶绿素和类黄酮含量的影响小于对菠菜的影响。叶面积、干物质积累以及叶绿素和类黄酮含量的影响小于对菠菜的影响。关键词关键词:UV-B辐射辐射;小麦小麦;菠菜菠菜;对比试验对比试验(3)11气象科技英语翻译练习气象科技英语翻译练习Zhu WeijunZhu WeijunN

35、IM NUISTNIM NUIST南宁市酸雨特征及来源分析南宁市酸雨特征及来源分析摘摘要要:通通过过对对酸酸雨雨观观测测资资料料和和污污染染源源资资料料的的统统计计分分析析,并并利利用用拉拉格格朗朗日日烟烟团团模模式式计计算算表表明明,南南宁宁市市酸酸雨雨的的频频率率较较高高,pH值值较较小小;南南宁宁市市酸酸雨雨的的来来源源构构成成以以外外来来源源为为主主。运运用用天天气气学学诊诊断断方方法法,对对气气象象要要素素影影响响酸酸雨雨来来源源进进行行了了分分析析,结结果果表表明明,南南宁宁市市酸酸雨雨主主要要受受东东北北方方污污染染源源影影响响,且且冬冬春春两两季季的的影影响响最最大大,风风频频

36、及及逆逆温温对对酸酸雨雨的的影影响响较较大大。在在上上述述分分析析的的基基础础上上,总总结结出出近近两两年年大大气气环环流流影影响响酸酸雨雨的的几几种种类类型型,其其中中以以高高空空槽槽锋锋面面型型为为最最多多,酸酸雨雨影影响响程程度度也也最严重。最严重。关键词关键词:酸雨酸雨;污染来源污染来源;特征分析特征分析(4)12气象科技英语翻译练习气象科技英语翻译练习Zhu WeijunZhu WeijunNIM NUISTNIM NUISTAnalysis on the characteristics and originationof acid rain in Nanning CityAbstr

37、act:The frequency of Nanning acid rain was quiet high and the value of pH was low with the analysis of observation acid rain data in this paper;pollution source of Nanning acid rain was mainly due to the external pollution source according the statistic analysis of pollution source data and the acid

38、 deposition model;as for meteorological factors,the cause of acid rain by employing synoptic diagnosis,was mainly affected by the northeast pollution source,especially in winter and spring.The wind frequency and temperature inversion were major cause of acid rain as well.Based on above analysis,we c

39、oncluded several types of circulation that affecting acid rain,the aloft through-cold front is the main type.Key words:acid rain;pollution source;characteristics analysis南宁市酸雨特征及来源分析南宁市酸雨特征及来源分析摘摘要要:通通过过对对酸酸雨雨观观测测资资料料和和污污染染源源资资料料的的统统计计分分析析,并并利利用用拉拉格格朗朗日日烟烟团团模模式式计计算算表表明明,南南宁宁市市酸酸雨雨的的频频率率较较高高,pH值值较较小小

40、;南南宁宁市市酸酸雨雨的的来来源源构构成成以以外外来来源源为为主主。运运用用天天气气学学诊诊断断方方法法,对对气气象象要要素素影影响响酸酸雨雨来来源源进进行行了了分分析析,结结果果表表明明,南南宁宁市市酸酸雨雨主主要要受受东东北北方方污污染染源源影影响响,且且冬冬春春两两季季的的影影响响最最大大,风风频频及及逆逆温温对对酸酸雨雨的的影影响响较较大大。在在上上述述分分析析的的基基础础上上,总总结结出出近近两两年年大大气气环环流流影影响响酸酸雨雨的的几种类型几种类型,其中以高空槽锋面型为最多其中以高空槽锋面型为最多,酸雨影响程度也最严重。酸雨影响程度也最严重。关键词关键词:酸雨酸雨;污染来源污染来

41、源;特征分析特征分析(4)13气象科技英语翻译练习气象科技英语翻译练习Zhu WeijunZhu WeijunNIM NUISTNIM NUISTCharacteristics and Origin of the Acid Rain in Nanning CityAbstract:The statistical analysis and simulations of the acid rain in Nanning are conducted in terms of the observations as well as a Lagrange plume model.Evidence sugg

42、ests that the acid rain in Nanning,most resulting from the external pollution sources,shows a low PH value and much high occurrence frequency.The synoptic diagnoses further indicate that the Nannings acid rain is mainly affected by the northeast pollution source,especially in winter and spring seaso

43、ns,and two meteorological elements that also exert much influence are the wind frequency and temperature inversion.Based on above analyses,several types of circulations are classified in the end,among which,the upper trough cold front type is the dominant one that most account for the occurrence and

44、 severity of the acid rain in Nanning.Key words:acid rain;pollution source;characteristics analysis南宁市酸雨特征及来源分析南宁市酸雨特征及来源分析摘摘要要:通通过过对对酸酸雨雨观观测测资资料料和和污污染染源源资资料料的的统统计计分分析析,并并利利用用拉拉格格朗朗日日烟烟团团模模式式计计算算表表明明,南南宁宁市市酸酸雨雨的的频频率率较较高高,pH值值较较小小;南南宁宁市市酸酸雨雨的的来来源源构构成成以以外外来来源源为为主主。运运用用天天气气学学诊诊断断方方法法,对对气气象象要要素素影影响响酸酸雨雨

45、来来源源进进行行了了分分析析,结结果果表表明明,南南宁宁市市酸酸雨雨主主要要受受东东北北方方污污染染源源影影响响,且且冬冬春春两两季季的的影影响响最最大大,风风频频及及逆逆温温对对酸酸雨雨的的影影响响较较大大。在在上上述述分分析析的的基基础础上上,总总结结出出近近两两年年大大气气环环流流影影响响酸酸雨雨的的几几种种类类型型,其其中中以以高高空空槽槽锋锋面面型型为为最最多多,酸酸雨雨影影响响程程度度也也最严重最严重。关键词关键词:酸雨酸雨;污染来源污染来源;特征分析特征分析(4)14气象科技英语翻译练习气象科技英语翻译练习Zhu WeijunZhu WeijunNIM NUISTNIM NUIS

46、T一次强暴雨形成的动力机制一次强暴雨形成的动力机制摘摘要要:分分析析了了1998年年7月月武武汉汉强强暴暴雨雨的的天天气气演演变变特特征征,并并从从理理论论上上初初步步探探讨讨了了强强暴暴雨雨形形成成的的动动力力机机制制。结结果果表表明明:低低空空急急流流先先于于暴暴雨雨生生成成,暴暴雨雨最最强强时时低低空空急急流流也也最最强强;高高空空急急流流入入口口区区右右侧侧及及低低空空急急流流左左侧侧非非热热成成风风梯梯度度的的存存在在,使使得得中中尺尺度度不不稳稳定定波波的的波波振振幅幅出出现现空空间间不不稳稳定定现现象象,高高空空急急流流右右侧侧不不稳稳定定波波的的波波振振幅幅和和低低空空急急流流

47、左左侧侧不不稳稳定定波波的的波波振振幅幅向向暴暴雨雨区区增增加加,暴暴雨雨区区恰恰为为这这两两支支波波叠叠加加后后振振幅幅最最大大的的区区域域,高高低低空空急急流流耦耦合合下下的的非非热热成成风风、中中尺尺度度对对流流对对称称不不稳稳定定可可能能是是这这类类强强暴暴雨雨产产生生的的动动力力原原因之一。因之一。关键词关键词:强暴雨强暴雨;非地转风非地转风;非热成风非热成风;暴雨增幅暴雨增幅(5)15气象科技英语翻译练习气象科技英语翻译练习Zhu WeijunZhu WeijunNIM NUISTNIM NUISTDynamic Analysis on Formation of Torrentia

48、l Rain Abstract:The paper analyses the weather developing characteristic of torrential rain in Wuhan,and discusses the dynamic mechanism of the torrential rain theoretically.The results show that the low-level jet(LLJ)occurs before the torrential rain.When the torrential rain is the strongest,LLJ is

49、 also the strongest.The existence of non-thermal wind gradients,which are in the right side of entrance region of upper level jet(ULJ)and the left of LLJ,makes the amplitude of mesoscale instability waves appear spatial instability.When instability waves in the right of ULJ and in the left of LLJ mo

50、ve to the region of the torrential rain,their amplitude is becoming bigger.Whats more,after superposing of two waves,the amplitude in the region of the torrential rain is the biggest one.Under non-thermal wind of coupling of upper and low level,mesoscale convection symmetric instability must have be