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1、复合句复合句并列复合句主从复合句主从复合句宾语从句宾语从句的语序宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的时态定语从句定语从句的含义定语从句的关系词定语从句的特殊用法状语从句1.引导状语从句的连词状语从句的时态一致问题并列复合句so并列连词forsoso表表结结果果,意意为为“所以所以,因此因此My boss is waiting for the result,so I cant leave My boss is waiting for the result,so I cant leave nownowwhileandbutorforfor表原因表原因,意意为为“因因为为”Everyone in our cl
2、ass likes her,for she is a Everyone in our class likes her,for she is a good gir!good gir!while表转折或对比,意为“然而I was helping with the housework.while he was wtch TV.and表并列、递进或顺承,意为“和,而 1 hep him with Einglih and he helps me with math.but表转折,意为“但是I think its a good change,but he doent think so 01LOREM IP
3、SUM DOLOR020301LOREM IPSUM DOLOR0203not only.but also并列连词短语either.or.neither.nor.并列复合句并列复合句表递进表递进,意为意为“不但不但.而且而且.，She is not only a great singer She is not only a great singer but she is also verv hebut she is also verv hel lp p.Either you can talk to himEither you can talk to him，oror I I w will.il
4、l.要么你和他谈要么我来。要么你和他谈要么我来。宾语从句状语从句定语从句主从复合句宾语从句三要素连接词语序时态宾语从句的连接词He said(that)Kate is good at swimming.Could you tell mewhere they live?He explained how the system worked.Do you know when thetrain leavesthat本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略what which who.whose whom等在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等 I dont know what they are going to
5、doNobody knows what will happen in the future.I wonder who/whom that letter was from.when(表时间),where(表地 点)，why(表原因),how(表方式)等在从句中作状语if,whether意为“是否”，不作句子成分,但不能s省略He asked if/whether Icould go there with him.陈述句陈述句(3)宾语从句的时态遵循三个原则:1,需要性原则:主句是现在时(包括一般现在时、现在进行时和现在完成时),从句时态由句意及时间状语决定。I want to know wher
6、e he went just now2.呼应性原则:主句是过去时(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),从句用相应的过去的某种时态。如:He said that he had finished the homework3特殊性原则:从句表述客观事实、真理和自然现象,无论主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。如:Our teacher told us that the earth goesaround the sun.二、状语从句在主从复合句中在主从复合句中,用作状语的从句叫做状语从句。用作状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句根据其表达的意思可分为状语从句根据其表达的意思可分为:时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原
7、因语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句等。Awhen“when“当当.的时的时I was doing my homework when my mother was cooking妈妈做饭时BWhile While while“while“当当.的时候的时候”he was he was washing the washing the carcar Jenny Jenny was cooking was cooking the dinner.the dinner.当当他在洗车的时他在洗车的时候候,珍妮在做晚珍妮在做晚饭饭Cas“AsAs随着随着/当当.时时”As she grew ol
8、der she gained inconfidence.随着年龄的增长,她的时间状语从句时间状语从句ABCDbefore/after“before/after“在在.之前之前/之后之后”Before I got to the bus stop,thebus had already left.。After I finished my homework,my mother came homesince“自.以来”I have worked in this school since Igraduated from Peking University。It is ten years since she
9、 began tolearn English.till/until“直到.为止”，not.until“直到.才Ill wait for you until/till you cometosee me.我会一直等到你来看我。I didnt go to bed until I finishedmy homework.直到做完作业，我as soon as“-.就Ill ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing.。As soon as he heard the little girlcrying for help outside,he rushed out fro
10、m the room immediately.时间状语从句注意在含有时间状语从句的主从复合句 中，若主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。ABCtill/until“直到.为止”，not.if“如果unless(=if.not)“如果不,除非”as/so long as“只要条件状语从句because“因为”A sine everyone is here,lets begin既然人都到了,我们开始吧B“since为,既然”As I had a sore throat,I kept silentin class.由于咽喉痛,我上课保持沉默。Cas“由于,鉴于3.原因状语从句I was late b
11、ecause I missed theschool bus.我迟到是因为我错过校车了。在同一个句子中,because 和 so 不可同时使用,只能用其一.目的状语从句so that“以便we must get up early so that he can catch the first bus.他必须早起，以便赶上首班公交车。in order that“为了”He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.他夜以继日地工作为的是取得成功。.结果状语从句so.that“如此.以至于”so修饰形容词或副词She is so lovel
12、y that we all love her.她如此可爱以至于我们都喜欢她such.that“如此.以至于”such修饰名词She is such a lovely girl that we all love her.她是如此可爱一个女孩以至于我都喜欢她。如注意从属连词 although、though 和并列连词but 不可同时使用,只能用其一Although the traffic was heavy,but we got to the railway station on time.(要么去but,要么删去 although):Although/Though Mike didnt win
13、the race,he was still wearing a smile on face.虽然迈克赛跑没有赢,但是他仍然带微笑。引引导让步状步状语从句的从从句的从词有有 though,although,even though等等(尽管尽管/即使即使)。6,让步状语从句定语从句定义在主从复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通管置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后,被修t的名词或代词叫先行词构成先行词+关系词+定语从句关系词关系代词(that、which,whom 等)关系副词(when、where why)。关系代词which 在从句中作主语或宾语指物I love the books
14、which were written by Lu Xun.(作主语)我喜欢鲁迅写的书。The story(which)he toldwas very popular.(作宾语)他讲的那个故事很受欢迎。who在从句中作主语或宾语whom在从句中作宾语指人I love the singers who sing words clearly.(作主语)我喜欢那些唱歌吐字清楚的歌手。A friend is someone who always helps you whenyou are in trouble.(作主语)朋友是总是在你陷入困境时帮助你的人。Mrs.Jones is the person w
15、ho/whom you should wait for.(作介词宾语)琼斯太太就是那个你应该等的人。关系代词that 在从句中作主语或宾语指物You can choose anything(that)you like.(作宾语)你可以选择任何你喜欢的东西。I like music(that)I can dance to.(作介词宾语)我喜欢可以跟着跳舞的音乐that 在从句中作主语或宾语指物指人,Who is the man that is reading a newspaper over there?(作主语)正在那边读报纸的那个人是谁?The girl(that)we sawyesterd
16、ay was Toms sister.(作宾语)我们昨天看到的那个女孩是汤姆的姐姐。Thats the man(that)you are looking for.(作介词宾语)那就是你正找的那个人。关系副词地点状语where(地点)This is the school where my mother works.I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.时间状语when(时间)I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.原因状语why(原因)She cant give us an explanation why she was late for the meeting.