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1、 模拟考研英语阅读理解模拟4D i r e c t i o n s:R e a d t h e f o l l o w i n g f o u r t e x t s.A n s w e r t h eq u e s t i o n s b e l o w e a c h t e x t b y c h o o s i n g A,B,C o r D.W hile still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life,womenappear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable cate
2、gory.W omen areparticularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disordersin response to stress compared to men,according to D r.Y ehuda,chiefpsychiatrist at New Y orks V eterans Administration Hospital.S tudies of both animals and humans have shown that sexhormones somehow affects the s
3、tress response,causing females understress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under thesame conditions.In several of the studies,when stressed-out female ratshad their ovaries(the female reproductive organs)removed,theirchemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding
4、 to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals,are her increased opportunities for stress.Its not necessarily thatwomen dont cope as well.Its just that they have so much more to copewith,z/says D r.Y ehudA.T heir capacity for tolerating stress may evenbe greater than mens,she observes.ltS just that
5、 theyre dealingwith so many more things that they become worn out from it more visiblyand sooner.D r.Y ehuda notes another difference between the sexes.I thinkthat the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more ofa chronic or repeated nature.Men go to war and are exposed to combat
6、stress.Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence.T he kinds ofinterpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parents or other family numbers,and theytend not to be one-shot deals.T he wear-and-tear that comes from theselonger relatio
7、nships can be quite devastating.Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son,but wasdetermined to finish college.I struggled a lot to get the collegedegree.I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape,togo to school,and get ahead and do better.Later her marriage ended andshe
8、became a single mother.Its the hardest thing to take care of ateenager,have a job,pay the rent,pay the car payment,and pay the debt.I lived from paycheck to paycheck.Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronicstresses Alvarez describes.B ut most women today are coping with a lotof obligatio
9、ns,with few breaks,and feeling the strain.Alvarezz sexperience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stressbefore it threatens your health and your ability to function.第 1 题:W hich of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?A.W omen are biologically more vulnerab
10、le to stress.B.W omen are still suffering much stress caused by men.C.W omen are more experienced than men in coping with stress.D.Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.参考答案:A本题考查考生根据文章段落内容进行总结概括的能力。文章第一段首句首先提出女性在面对压力时比男性更容易产生不良的情绪。第二段的首句跟进指出由于男女荷尔蒙激素水平不同,女性在面对压力时,体内会分泌出更多
11、诱发不良情绪的化学物质。由此可以判断出选项A 的描述是正确的。选 项 B描写女性承受压力没错,但是这个压力是来自于男性的,这一表述原文没有提到;选 项 C和文章主题观点相反;而选项D中核心人物是“男性和女性”,文章重点描写女性的情况,所以均不正确。知识点 段落主题推理题。第 2 题:D r.Y ehudas research suggests that women.A.need extra doses of chemicals to handle stressB.have limited capacity for tolerating stressC.are more capable of a
12、voiding stressD.are exposed to more stress参考答案:D本题考查考生对文中具体细节信息的理解能力。第三段中,D r.Y ehuda认 为“It,s just that they have so much more to cope with,says D r.Y ehud,”,即:虽然女性承受压力的能力甚至强于男性,但是她们面对的压力更多,更容易受到影响。选 项 D是正确答案。选 项 A 与 D r.Y ehuda的研究无关,文章中指出女性产生某些“化学成分”而并非需要额外剂量的“化学成分”;选 项 B与本段原文“T heir capacity for t
13、olerating stress may even be greater than mens(女性忍受压力的能力甚至可能比男性要强)相反;而选项C与原文所说的主题有偏差。所 以 D为正确答案。知识点 研究结论细节推理题。第 3 题:According to P aragraph 4,the stress women confront tends to beA.domestic and temporaryB.irregular and violentC.durable and frequentD.trivial and random参考答案:C题干中的According to P aragrap
14、h 4”表明本题是事实细节题。本题考查考生对工中具体细节信息的理解能力。根据文章第四段内容,D r.Y ehuda的研究结果显示,女性面对in more of a chronic or repeated naturer(具有长期性、反复性本质特点)的事件易于产生压力。由这些细节描述我们可以断定,选项C对女性面对压力特点的描述是准确的。选项A中的“暂时性”和选项B中的“暴力的”均与原文对女性情况的描述有偏差;选项D则与文章内容没有明显关联,并且作者在本段中并没有作出对“微不足道”事件的界定,考生们不可妄加引申。所以C选项为正确答案。知识点 段落细节辨析题第4题:T he sentence“I l
15、ived from paycheck to paycheck.(Line 6,P arA.5)shows that.A.Alvarez cared about nothing but making moneyB.Alvarezs salary barely covered her household expensesC.Alvarez got paychecks from different jobsD.Alvarez paid practically everything by check参考答案:B本题考查考生根据上下文理解句子含义的能力。文章第五段对Alvarez的个案进行了分析。本文主
16、题是女性比男性容易受到压力的困扰,所以文章中的所有细节、举例均会成为支持这一观点成立的有利证据,所以Alvarez的案例一定是体现了Alvarez所面临的种种压力:为了改变生活状况,Alvarez想要完成大学学业,婚姻破裂后还要独立抚养孩子。她不得不从事各种工作来应付衣食住行的各项花销,但生活依然捉襟见肘。显然,A、C、D选择并没有反映出文章的主题内容,仅仅是描写了 Alvarez的生活方式细节,不可能成为正确答案;B选项从Alvarez的生活窘迫来体现出她压力巨大,也是本文中Alvarez的案例存在的价值和意义所在,故为正确答案。知识点 词汇题,考查相关句意。第5题:W hich of th
17、e following would be the best title for the text?A.S train of S tress:No W ay Out?B.Responses to S tress:Gender D ifference.C.S tress Analysis:W hat C hemicals S ay.D.Gender Inequality:W omen Under S tress.参考答案:D主题分析题,题干中的the best title for the text”表明本题是考研中常见的主题题之一。文章通过分析,说明女性的生理特点和社会角色与男性有所不同,因此不得
18、不面对由此产生的更多压力,也更容易出现压抑、焦虑等不良情绪。选项D概括了由于性别不平等,女性要面对压力的主题,因此是正确答案。本文并没有讨论到关于压力的解决方法这一层面,所以选项A与文章主旨不符;选项B中 的“性别差异”与文章主题存在偏差,本文是以讨论女性为主;选 项 C只是强调体内化学物质与压力的关系,是细节内容,所以不正确。(全文译文)尽管在现代生活的某些方面女性仍在努力追赶男性,但至少在一个不太好的方面,女性似乎遥遥领先。据纽约退伍军人管理医院精神科主任医师耶胡达称,“相比男性,在承受压力时,女性特别容易患抑郁症或焦虑症。”对动物和人的研究结果都表明性激素会以某种方式影响压力反应,使雌性
19、在承受压力时比处于同等条件下的雄性分泌更多触发不良反应的化学物质。几项研究显示,如果将承受压力达到极限的雌鼠的卵巢(雌性生殖器官)切除,那么他们体内的化学反应和雄鼠相同。使女性因压力产生的化学物质增多的问题更加严重的是,她们承受压力的“机会”越来越多。耶胡达医生说,“这未必是因为女性不能调节压力,而只是因为她们承受的压力太多。”耶胡达医生还说,“女性忍受压力的能力甚至可能比男性要强,但只是由于她们应对的事情太多以至于疲劳的更快更明显。”耶胡达医生还注意到了两性间的另一种差别。“我认为女性应对的事情通常具有长期性、反复性特点。男人参加战争,承受战斗压力,那更多的是偶然的身体上的暴力。而女性遭受的
20、人际间暴力却多发生在家庭内部,不幸的是这种暴力来自于父母或其他家庭成员,而且通常都不是一次性的。这些长期的人际关系产生的摩擦具有很大破坏力。”阿 德 琳 阿尔瓦雷兹 1 8 岁结婚并生有一子,但她却决心要完成大学学业。“为了拿到大学文凭我拼命努力。我的生活极其不如意,上学、取得进步、做得更好成为我摆脱现实困境的途径。”后来,她的婚姻结束,成为单身母亲。“照顾一个十来岁的孩子、找工作、交房租、付车款、还债,这是最辛苦的事情。为了生存,我必须不停地赚钱。”并不是每个人都像阿德琳 阿尔瓦雷兹一样承受这种长期严重的压力。但现在的大多数女性都承担着许多责任,很少有放松的时候,感到身心俱疲。阿尔瓦雷兹的经
21、历说明了在压力影响到你的健康和生活能力之前寻求途径予以缓解是相当重要的。(总体分析)这篇文章来自美国的一个很有名的电视频道探索发现频道中的健康版块,原文的标题是Gender Inequality:W omen Under S tress(性别的不平等性:处于压力下的女性)。本文探讨了为什么女性在面对压力时更容易产生压抑、焦躁等不良情绪。文章以科学研究与个案调查为依据,指出了出现这种情况有几方面的原因。首先,同男性相比,女性在面对压力时,体内会分泌出很多诱发不良情绪的化学物质。此外,女性面对的压力多于男性,并且要面对来自于家庭成员的频繁暴力,这对于女性也十分不利。作者由此得出结论,即如今的女性要
22、担负更多的责任,面临更多的压力,对她们来说,在压力还没有威胁到健康和行为能力时,找到化解的办法非常重要。本 篇 5 道考题的考查点涉及根据文章段落细节信息进行总结概括、对文中具体细节信息的理解、根据上下文理解句子含义、对全文主旨要义的理解等。这 5 道考题均是中等难度题(从难到易的顺序为:1,2,3,5,4)。For businesspeople who spend much of their time in the air,the threeglobal airline clubs-S tar Alliance.Oneworld and S kyT eam-are all aboutsuch
23、 goodies as frequent-flyer points and access to comfy lounges.Forthe airlines that belong to them,the main benefit is that the othermembers hook them up with lots of passengers seeking connecting flights,helping them to fill their planes.S ince the alliances started in the late 1990s,they haves t e
24、a d i l y s i g n e d u p n e w m e m b e r s.U n t i l r e c e n t l y S k y T e a m,w h i c h i n c l u d e sA i r F r a n c e,K L M a n d D e l t a,w a s t h e l a g g a r d.B u t i t h a s g a i n e d a l t i t u d eb y s i g n i n g,a m o n g o t h e r s,C h i n a E a s t e r n a n d C h i n a
25、S o u t h e r n,t w o o f C h i n a s b i g t h r e e c a r r i e r s.S t a r A l l i a n c e,w h i c h i n c l u d e s L u f t h a n s a,U n i t e d-C o n t i n e n t a l a n d S i n g a p o r e A i r l i n e s,r e m a i n s t h e b i g g e s t,h a v i n gs i g n e d u p A i r C h i n a,t h e t h i
26、 r d o f t h e m a i n l a n d,s b i g t h r e e.O n e w o r l d,w h i c hi n c l u d e s B r i t i s h A i r w a y s,A m e r i c a n A i r l i n e s,I b e r i a a n d C a t h a y P a c i f i c,w i l l s o o n w e l c o m e a b o a r d I n d i a s K i n g f i s h e r.N o w t h e r e a r e f e w b i
27、g n e t w o r k a i r l i n e s l e f t t o b e n a b b e d.T h e j u i c i e s t p r i z e s t i l l o n o f f e r i s L A T A M,a g i a n t t o b e f o r m e d n e x t y e a rt h r o u g h a m e r g e r o f B r a z i T s T A M a n d C h i l e s L A N,w h i c h w i l l d o m i n a t e t h es k i e
28、s o f S o u t h A m e r i c a.T A M n o w b e l o n g s t o S t a r a n d L A N t o O n e w o r l d,b u tr e g u l a t o r s w i l l f o r c e t h e m e r g e d c a r r i e r t o c h o o s e.S t a r h a s a l r e a d ys i g n e d u p t w o L a t i n A m e r i c a n r i v a l s,A v i a n c a T a c a
29、a n d C o p a,b u t i t i s n o ti m p o s s i b l e t o i m a g i n e i t j i l t i n g e i t h e r o f t h e s e,i f t h a t w e r e n e c e s s a r yt o b e a l l o w e d t o a d m i t L A T A M.O n e w o r l d n e e d s L A T A M e v e n m o r e:a s t h e o n l ya l l i a n c e t o l a c k a m e
30、 m b e r i n m a i n l a n d C h i n a,i t c a n n o t a f f o r d t o d r o p t w oB R I C s.I n I n d i a s b i g b u t c h a o t i c m a r k e t,O n e w o r l d i s s o r t e d,b u t S t a ra n d S k y T e a m a r e s a i d t o b e c h a s i n g J e t A i r w a y s.S t a r s p e n t y e a r sn e
31、g o t i a t i n g w i t h A i r I n d i a,t h e d e e p l y t r o u b l e d f l a g-c a r r i e r,b u ts u s p e n d e d t a l k s i n J u l y.T h e A r a b i a n G u l f s t h r e e s u p e rc o n n e c t o r s -E m i r a t e s,E t i h a d a n d Q a t a r-a r e u n s i g n e d,b u t a r e g r o w i
32、 n g s oq u i c k l y t h a t t h e y s e e l i t t l e n e e d f o r a l l i e s.T h a t l e a v e s j u s t a f e wi n d e p e n d e n t c a r r i e r s w i t h l o n g-h a u l n e t w o r k s.V i r g i n A t l a n t i c i s o n e:i t sb i d t o b u y b m i,L u f t h a n s a s m o n e y-l o s i n
33、g B r i t i s h o f f s h o o t,s e e m s t o h a v ef a i l e d,w i t h B A s p a r e n t c o m p a n y t h e l i k e l y b u y e r.T h e q u e s t i o n i s w h e t h e rV i r g i n c a n c o n t i n u e i n s p l e n d i d i s o l a t i o n w h e n a l l a r o u n d i t a r e i n c o s yc o-o p e
34、 r a t i o n.S o m e w h a t l i k e t h e E u r o p e a n U n i o n,t h e a l l i a n c e s h a v e“v a r i a b l e g e o m e t r y”:m e m b e r s d o n o t h a v e t o j o i n a l l i n i t i a t i v e s,a n dn o n-m e m b e r s s o m e t i m e s t a k e p a r t i n s e l e c t e d a c t i v i t i
35、 e s.E a c h a l l i a n c e h a sa t i t s c o r e a g r o u p o f c a r r i e r s w h i c h p o o l t h e i r f l i g h t s i n t h e h u g et r a n s a t l a n t i c m a r k e t.A m e r i c a s D e p a r t m e n t o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n h a s g i v e nt h e s e v e n t u r e s i m m u n
36、i t y f r o m a n t i t r u s t p r o s e c u t i o n.T h e E u r o p e a nC o m m i s s i o n h a s a p p r o v e d O n e w o r l d s t r a n s a t l a n t i c v e n t u r e,w i t hc o n d i t i o n s,b u t i s s t i l l i n v e s t i g a t i n g t h e o t h e r t w o.A r e p o r t b yL o n d o n-b
37、 a s e d A v i a t i o n E c o n o m i c s n o t e s t h a t t h e t r a n s a t l a n t i c v e n t u r e s a r ea g o o d s o u r c e o f p r o f i t s i n a n o t h e r w i s e h a r d m a r k e t-b u t i f t h e y s t a r tt o l o o k t o o s u c c e s s f u l,r e g u l a t o r s m a y g e t t o
38、 u g h e r.T h e a l l i a n c e s h a v e e n c o u r a g e d t h e i r m e m b e r s t o c o-o p e r a t eo n s u c h t h i n g s a s b u y i n g c a b i n i n t e r i o r s,t o o b t a i n b e t t e r p r i c e s f r o ms u p p l i e r s.B u t p r o g r e s s i s s l o w:o n l y a h a n d f u l o
39、 f S t a r m e m b e r s a r e t a k i n gp a r t i n i t s p r o j e c t t o b u y a i r c r a f t s e a t s j o i n t l y.A c o n s u l t a n t t o o n eo f t h e a l l i a n c e s s a y s h e h a s s p e n t t w o y e a r s t r y i n g t o p e r s u a d e i t s m e m b e r st o a g r e e o n a j
40、o i n t c h e c k-i n d e s k a t o n e a i r p o r t.S k y T e a m s b o s s,M i c h a e lW i s b r u n,s a y s e v e n s i m p l e s t u f f l i k e t h i s s a v e s a l o t o f m o n e y,s o h e i su r g i n g h i s m e m b e r a i r l i n e s t o m a k e i t t h e i r p r i o r i t y.A s t h e
41、a l l i a n c e s s t r u g g l e b o t h t o b r o a d e n a n d d e e p e n f u r t h e r,t h e y f a c e b e i n g u n p i c k e d b y t h e i r c u s t o m e r s,a s e v e r m o r e o f t h e m b u i l dt h e i r o w n f l i g h t i t i n e r a r i e s u s i n g o n l i n e p o r t a l s,w h i c
42、 h c a n r e s u l t i nb i g s a v i n g s.O n e w o r l dr s b o s s,B r u c e A s h b y,s a y s t h e a l l i a n c e s a r e a i m e da t o f f e r i n g s e a m l e s s s e r v i c e t o b u s i n e s s f l y e r s w h o c a r e m o r e a b o u tc o n v e n i e n c e t h a n p r i c e.T h e t r
43、 o u b l e i s,s u c h p a s s e n g e r s a r e a l s o s e n s i t i v et o t h e b i g v a r i a t i o n s t h a t s t i l l e x i s t b e t w e e n e a c h a l l i a n c e s m e m b e ra i r l i n e s.T h o s e u s e d t o p l u s h A s i a n a n d E u r o p e a n b u s i n e s s-c l a s s c a b
44、 i n sa r e o f t e n d i s m a y e d w h e n t h e y t r a n s f e r t o t h e i r a i r l i n e s A m e r i c a n a l l i a n c ep a r t n e r,w h e r e t h e s e r v i c e i s p o o r e r a n d-h o r r o r s-t h e s e a t s d o n t a l w a y sc o n v e r t t o f u l l y f l a t b e d s.第 6题:W h i
45、 c h i s c o r r e c t a c c o r d i n g t o t h e a r t i c l e?A.C h i na E a s t e r n a nd C h i na S o u t h e r n a r e t h e t o p t w o a i r li ne s i n C h i na.B.S t a r A lli a nc e i s n t t h e b i g g e s t a lli a nc e s.C C h i le s L A N d o mi na t e s t h e a i r li ne ma r k e t
46、 o f S o u t h A me r i c a.D.S t a r a nd O ne w o r ld w i ll f i g h t f i e r c e ly f o r L A T A M.参考答案:D定位第二、三段,|i|aC h i na E a s t e r n a nd C h i na S o u t h e r n,t w o o f C h i na s b i gt h r e e c a r r i e r s.”即“中国三大航空巨头之二-中国东方航空公司和中国南方航空公司”可知并没有说它们排名前两名,故 A错误;由“S t a r A lli a nc
47、 e,w h i c h i nc lu d e s L u f t h a ns a,Uni t e d-C o nt i ne nt a l a nd S i ng a p o r e A i r li ne s,r e ma i ns t h e b i g g e s t.即“星空联盟依然规模最大,旗下有德国汉莎航空公司、美国联合航空及大陆航空联营公司、新加坡航空公司”可 知 B错误;由“T h ej u i c i e s t p r i z e s t i ll o n o f f e r i s L A T A M,a g i a nt t o b e f o r me d ne
48、 x t y e a rt h r o u g h a me r g e r o f B r a z i T s T A M a nd C h i le s L A N.w h i c h w i ll d o mi na t e t h es k i e s o f S o u t h A me r i c a.即最让人垂涎欲滴的就是拉美航空公司,它是由巴西天马航空公司和智利航空公司将于明年合并而成的一大巨头,即将成为南美洲天空的霸主”可 矢 口 C 错误;由“S t a r h a s a lr e a d y s i g ne d u p t w o L a t i n A me r i
49、 c a nr i v a ls,A v i a nc a T a c a a nd C o p a,b u t i t i s no t i mp o s s i b le t o i ma g i ne i tj i lt i ng e i t h e r o f t h e s e,i f t h a t w e r e ne c e s s a r y t o b e a llo w e d t o a d mi tL A T A M.O ne w o r ld ne e d s L A T A M e v e n mo r e:a s t h e o nly a lli a nc e
50、 t o la c k ame mb e r i n ma i nla nd C h i na,i t c a nno t a f f o r d t o d r o p t w o B R I C s.B|J “尽管星空联盟已经签约了拉美航空市场的另外两个竞争对手,中美洲航空公司和巴拿马航空公司,但是不难想象:为了让拉美航空公司加盟,如果有必要,星空联盟将舍弃这两家中的任何一家。环宇一家更是对拉美航空公司青睐有加,因为作为唯一一个没有中国大陆航空公司加盟的航空联盟,它不能失去两个金砖四国成员的航空市场。”可知答案为D。知识点 细节题。第7题:W hich airline companies