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1、改错:历年全真试题及参考答案(00.1-06.12)00.100.1Until the very latest moment of his existence,manhas been bound to the planet on which he originated anddeveloped.NowhehadthecapabilitytoleavethatplanetS1._and move out into the universe to those worlds which hehasknownpreviouslyonlydirectly.MenhaveexploredS2._parts
2、 of the moon,put spaceships in orbit around anotherplanet and possibly within the decade will land into anotherS3._planet and explore it.Can we be too bold as toS4._suggest that we may be able to colonize other planetS5._within the not-too-distant future?Some have advocatedsuch a procedure as a solu
3、tion to the populationproblem:ship the excess people off to the moon.Butwe must keep in head the billions of dollars we mightS6._spend in carrying out the project.To maintain theearths population at its present level.we would haveto blast off into space 7,500 people every hour ofevery day of the yea
4、r.Why are we spending so little money on spaceS7._exploration?Consider the great need for improvingS8._many aspects of the global environment,one is surelyjustified in his concern for the money and resourcesthat they are poured into the space exploration efforts.S9._But perhaps we should look at bot
5、h sides of thecoin before arriving hasty conclusions.S10._00.600.6When you start talking about good and bad mannersyou immediately start meeting difficulties.Manypeople just cannot agree what they mean.We asked alady,who replied that she thought you could tell awell-manneredpersononthewayS1._1theyoc
6、cupiedthespace around themfor example,when such a personwalksdownastreetheorsheisconstantlyunawareofS2._others.Such people never bump into other people.However,a second person thought that this wasmoreaquestionofcivilizedbehaviorasgoodmanners.S3._Instead,thisotherpersontoldusastory,itheS4._said was
7、quite well known,about an American whohad been invited to an Arab meal at one of the countriesS5._of the Middle East.The American hasnt beenS6._told very much about the kind of food he mightexpect.If he had known about American food,heS7._might have behaved better.Immediately before him was a very f
8、lat piece ofbread that looked,to him,very much as a napkin(餐巾).S8._Picking it up,he put it into his collar,so that itfalls across his shirt.His Arab host,who had beenS9._watching,said of nothing,but immediately copiedS10._the action of his guest.And that,said this second person,was a fineexample of
9、good manners.01.6More people die of tuberculosis(结核病)than of anyother disease caused by a single agent.This has probablybeen the case in quite a while.During theearly stages of_the industrial revolution,perhaps one in every seventh_deaths in Europes crowded cities were caused by the_disease.From now
10、 on,though,western eyes,missing the_global picture,saw the trouble going into decline.Withoccasional breaks for war,the rates of death andinfection in the Europe and America dropped steadily2S1.S2.S3.S4.S5._through the 19th and 20th centuries.In the 1950s,theintroduction of antibiotics(抗菌素)strengthe
11、ned thetrend in rich countries,and the antibiotics were allowedto be imported to poor countries.Medical researchersS6._declared victory and withdrew.They are wrong.In the mid-1980s the frequency ofS7._infections and deaths started to pick up again around theworld.Where tuberculosis vanished,it came
12、back;in_many places where it had never been away,it grew better._The World Health Organization estimates that 1.7billion people(a third of the earths population)sufferfrom tuberculosis.Even when the infection rate wasfalling,population growth kept the number of clinicalcases more or less constantly
13、at 8 million a year.Around_3 million of those people died,nearly all of them in poorcountries.02.1Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of huntingbehavior.Viewing biologically,the modern footballer is revealed as aS1._member of a disguised hunting pack.His killing weapon has turned into
14、a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth.If his aim is inaccurateS2._and he scores a goal,enjoys the hunters triumph of killing his prey.S3._To understand how this transformation has taken place wemust briefly look up at our ancient ancestors.They spent over aS4._million year evolving as c
15、o-operative hunters.Their very survivalS5._depended on success in the hunting-field.Under this pressure their wholeway of life,even if their bodies,became radically changed.They becameS6._chasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwers and prey-killers.They co-operate as skillful male-group attackers.S7._Th
16、en,about ten thousand years ago,when this immensely long3S8.S9.S10.S8._formative period of hunting for food,they became farmers.Theirimproved intelligence,so vital to their old hunting life,were put to a newS9._use-that of penning(把关在圈中),controlling and domesticatingtheir prey.The food was there on
17、the farms,awaiting their needs.Therisks and uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival.S10._02.602.6A great many cities are experiencing difficulties whichare nothing new in the history of cities,except in their scale.Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not foun
18、dnew one.And any large or rich city is going to attract poorS1._immigrants,who flood in,filling with hopes of prosperityS2._which are then often disappointing.There are backward townson the edge of Bombay or Brasilia,just as though there wereS3._on the edge of seventeenth-century London or early nin
19、e-teenth-century Paris.This is new is the scale.DescriptionsS4._written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of MexicoCity,and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there,S5._are very dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today theS6._poor can still be numbered in millions.The whole
20、 monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity,but behind it lies two myths:the myth of the city as aS7._promised land,that attracts immigrants from rural povertyS8._and brings it flooding into city centers,and the myth of theS9._country as a Garden of Eden,which,a few generations late,S10._sends th
21、em flooding out again to the suburbs.03.603.6The Seattle Times Company is one newspaper firm thathas recognized the need for change and done something aboutit.In the newspaper industry,papers must reflect the diversity4of the communities to which they provide information.It must reflect that diversi
22、ty with their news coverage or riskS1._losing their readers interest and their advertisers support.Operating within Seattle,which has 20 percents racialS2._minorities,the paper has put into place policies andprocedures for hiring and maintain a diverse workforce.TheS3._underlying reason for the chan
23、ge is that for information to befair,appropriate,and subjective,it should be reported by theS4._same kind of population that reads it.A diversity committee composed of reporters,editors,andphotographers meets regularly to value the Seattle TimesS5._content and to educate the rest of the newsroom sta
24、ff aboutdiversity issues.In an addition,the paper instituted a contentS6._audit(审查)that evaluates the frequency and manner ofrepresentation of woman and people of color in photographs.S7._Early audits showed that minorities were pictured far tooinfrequently and were pictured with a disproportionaten
25、umberofnegativearticles.TheauditresultsfromS8._improvementinthefrequencyofmajorityrepresentationandS9._theirportrayalinneutralorpositivesituations.And,withaS10._result,the Seattle Times has improved as a newspaper.The diversity training and content audits helped the SeattleTimes Company to win the P
26、ersonnel Journal Optimal Awardfor excellence in managing change.03.9Home,sweet home is a phrase that expresses an essential attitudein the United States.Whether the reality of life in the familyhouse is sweet or no sweet.The cherished ideal of home has greatS1._importance for many people.This ideal
27、is a vital part of the American dream.This dream,dramatized in the history of nineteenth-century European settlers of theAmerican West,was to find a piece of place,build a house for onesS2._5family,and started a farm.These small households were portraits ofS3._independence:the entire family-mother,f
28、ather,children,evengrandparentslive in a small house and working together to supportS4._each other.Anyone understood the life and death importance of familyS5._cooperation and hard work.Although most people in the United States no longer live onfarms,but the ideal of home ownership is just as strong
29、 in the twentiethS6._century as it was in the nineteenth.When U.S,soldiers came home before World War II,forS7._example,they dreamed of buying houses and starting families.But thereS8._was a tremendous boom in home building.The new houses,typicallyin the suburbs,were often small and more or less ide
30、ntical,but itS9._satisfied a deep need.Many regarded the single-family house the basis ofS10._their way of life.03.12Thomas Malthus published his Essay on the Principle ofPopulation almost 200 years ago.Ever since then,forecastershavebeingwarningthatworldwidefaminewasjustaroundtheS1_next corner.The
31、fast-growing populations demand for food,theywarned,wouldsoonexceedtheirsupply,leadingtoS2_widespread food shortages and starvation.But in reality,the worlds total grain harvest has risensteadilyovertheyears.ExceptforrelativeisolatedtroublespotsS3_likepresent-daySomalia,andoccasionalyearsofgoodharve
32、sts,S4_the worlds food crisis has remained just around the corner.MostexpertsbelievethiscancontinueevenasifthepopulationS5_doubles by the mid-21st century,although feeding 10 billionpeoplewillnotbeeasyforpolitics,economicandenvironmentalS6_6reasons.Optimists point to concrete examples of continuedim
33、provementsinyield.InAfrica,byinstance,improvedseed,S7_more fertilizer and advanced growing practices have more thandoublecornandwheatyieldsinanexperiment.Elsewhere,riceS8_expertsinthePhilippinesareproducingaplantwithfewstemsS9_and more seeds.There is no guarantee that plant breeders cancontinue to d
34、evelop new,higher-yielding crop,but mostresearchersseetheirsuccesstodateasreasonforhope.S10_04.6Culture refers to the social heritage of a people-thelearned patterns for thinking,feeling and acting that characterizeapopulationorsociety,includetheexpressionoftheseS1._patternsinmaterialthings.Culturei
35、scomposeofnon-materialS2._culture-abstract creations like values,beliefs,customsand institutional arrangements and material culture-physicalobjectlikecookingpots,computersandbathtubs.S3._Insum,culturereflectsboththeideasweshareoreverythingS4._we make.In ordinary speech,a person of culture istheindiv
36、idualcanspeakanotherlanguage-thepersonwhoS5._isunfamiliarwiththearts,music,literature,philosophy,orS6._history.But to sociologists,to be human is to be cultured,becauseofcultureisthecommonworldofexperienceweS7._share with other members of our group.Cultureisessentiallytoourhumanness.ItprovidesaS8._k
37、ind of map for relating to others.Consider how you findyour way about social life.How do you know how to act in aclassroom,or a department store,or toward a person whosmilesorlaughatyou?S9._Yourculturesuppliesyoubybroad,standardized,S10._7ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations.
38、Therefore,if we know a persons culture,we can understandand even predict a good deal of his behavior.05.105.1The World Health Organization(WHO)says its ten-yearcampaign to remove leprosy(麻风病)as a world healthproblem has been successful.Doctor Brundtland,head of theWHO,says a number of leprosy cases
39、around the world hasS1._beencutofninetypercentduringthepasttenyears.ShesaysS2._effortsarecontinuingtocompleteendthedisease.S3._Leprosy is caused by bacteria spread through liquid fromthenoseandmouth.ThediseasemainlyeffectstheskinandS4._nerves.However,if leprosy is not treated it can cause permanentd
40、amagefortheskin,nerves,eyes,armsorlegs.S5._In 1999,an international campaign began to end leprosy.The WHO,governments of countries most affected by thedisease,and several other groups are part of the campaign.Thisallianceguaranteesthatallleprosypatients,eventheyS6._are poor,have a right to the most
41、modern treatment.Doctor Brundtland says leprosy is no longer a diseasethat requires life-long treatments by medical experts.Instead,patientscantakethatiscalledamulti-drugtherapy.ThisS7._modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12 months,dependontheformofthedisease.ThetreatmentcombinesS8._several d
42、rugs taken daily or once a month.The WHO hasgivenmulti-drugtherapytopatientsfreelyforthelastfiveS9._years.The members of the alliance against leprosy plan totargetthecountrieswhichstillthreatenedbyleprosy.AmongS10_the estimated 600,000 victims around the world,the WHObelieves about 70%are in India.T
43、he disease also remains aproblem in Africa and South America.05.1205.128Every week hundreds of CVs(简历)land on our desks.Weve seen it all:CVs printed on pink paper,CVs that are 10pages long and CVs with silly mistakes in first paragraph.AS1_goodCVisyourpassporttoaninterviewand,ultimate,toS2_the job y
44、ou want.Initial impressions are vital,and a badly presented CVcouldmeanacceptance,regardlessofwhatsinit.S3_Hereareafewwaystoavoidendupontherejectpile.S4_Print your CV on good-quality white paper.CVs with flowery backgrounds or pink paper willstandoutuponallthewrongreasons.S5_Get someone to check for
45、 spelling and grammaticalerrors,becauseaspell-checkerwillpickupeveryS6_mistake.CVs with errors will be rejectedit showsthat you dont pay attention to detail.Restrict your self to one or two pages,andlistinganypublicationsorrefereesonaseparatesheet.S7_If you are sending your CV electronically,check t
46、heformattingbysendingittoyourselffirst.keepupS8_the format simple.Do not send a photo unless specifically requested.Ifyouhavetosendon,makesureitisonetakinginaS9_professional setting,rather than a holiday snap.Getting the presentation right is just the first step.Whatabout the content?The Rule here i
47、s to keep it factual andtruthful-exaggerationsusuallygetfindout.AndrememberS10_to tailor your CV to each different job.06.6Until recently,dyslexia and other reading problems werea mystery to most teachers and parents.As a result,too manykidspassedthroughschoolwithoutmastertheprintedpage.S1_Some were
48、 treated as mentally deficient;many were left9functionally illiterate(文盲的),unable to ever meet theirpotential.But in the last several years,theres been arevolutioninthatwevelearnedaboutreadinganddyslexia.S2_Scientists are using a variety of new imaging techniques towatch the brain at work.Their expe
49、riments have shown thatreadingdisordersaremostlikelytheresultofwhatis,inaneffect,S3_faultywritinginthebrain notlazy,stupidityorapoorhomeS4_environment.TheresalsoconvincingevidencewhichdyslexiaS5_is largely inherited.It is now considered a chronic problemfor some kids,not just a“phase”.Scientists hav
50、e alsodiscarded another old stereotype that almost all dyslexics areboys.StudiesindicatethatmanygirlsareaffectingaswellS6_and not getting help.Atsametime,educationalresearchershavecomeupS7_with innovative teaching strategies for kids who are havingtrouble learning to read.New screening tests are ide