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1、Grammar Subject-Verb Agreement(主谓一致)主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。1.语法一致原则如果主语是单数，谓语动词则用单数形式；如果主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。eg.Both parties _their own advantages.Her job _something to do with computers.2.意义一致原则有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。His family _(be)a big family.His family _(be)listening t
2、o music when he came back.The population in China _(be)very large,and eighty of the population in China _(be)farmers.3.就近原则有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。e.g.Either my grandsons or their father_(be)coming.Neither Richard nor I _(be)going.（一）谓语动词常用复数的情况The teachers are respected in the world.1）主语为复数名词或代词Th
3、e police are looking for the missing child.The cattle are kept in his farm.2)当 people,police,cattle 等集体名词作主语，形式上为单数而意义却是复数，谓语用复数。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America.3）山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的复数名词作主语。The rich are not always happy.Gener
4、ally speaking,the young are eager for success.4）the+adj.表示一类人或物做主语时如blind,deaf,living,dead,the+wounded,poor,rich old,young 等但指个人或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。The unknown is always something to be feared.The beautiful is always loved by people.The Whites are going to make a trip to London.The Greens were watching
5、 TV when a fire broke out.5)the+姓的复数形式表一家人（二）谓语动词常用单数的情况1）可数名词的单数及不可数名词作主语时。The advice is practical.2）表示时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。Twenty years is only a short time in human history.3)主语从句、动词不定式、动名词形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Looking after the children is my full time job.To die for the people is a worthy
6、death.When and where to hold the meeting is unknown.Whatever was left was taken away.4)以-S 结尾的单数名词，形式为复数而意义为单数。如表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语,(news,physics,maths，politics)谓语用单数。The United states is made up of 50 states.The Times is a newspaper for the British government Great Expectations was written by Ch
7、arles Dickens in 1860.5)clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.6）each neither+of+the+复数名词或代词Either Each of us _ a dictionary.Either of the books on the table _to me.Neither of them _fit for the job.7)many a/each/every
8、 either/neither+单数名词more than one Many a student _the film.Neither story _true.More than one student has seen the film.More students than one have seen the film.注意：当 each 放在主语后作同位语时，不决定谓语单复数。They each have a dictionary.=Each of them has a dictionary.8)every every each+名词单数 and+each+名词单数作主语时no no 谓语用
9、单数many a many a Every desk and every chair _ made of wood.Many a boy and many a girl _made the same mistake.9）由 some,any,no,every+one/thing/body 所构成的复合不定代词做主语时，谓语用单数。Nobody _to go there.Something _been done to end the strike.（三）其它情况1）用 and 或 both,and,连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但是如果 and 连接的两个名词作主语，指同一个人或事
10、或整体概念，谓语动词用单数（如果是可数名词的单数这时 and 后面的名词一般没有冠词）。用 is/are 填空：English and Chinese quite different languages.Water and air both important.A young man and a girl to go there.The singer and the writer famous to many young people The manager and secretary as busy as a bee all day The singer and writer famous
11、to everyone.War and peace（战争与和平）a constant theme in history.A knife and fork（刀叉）needed for a western meal.Bread and butter(黄油面包)served for breakfast.Early to bed and early to rise _（早睡早起）a good habit.常用的一些表示整体概念的词iron and steel 钢铁law and order 治安a watch and chain 一块带链的表A needle and thread 针线a coat a
12、nd tie 配有领带的上衣2）单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之谓语动词用复数。这类名词有：sheep,fish,deer,means(方法),species(种类),works(工厂),Chinese,Japanese等。选择填空has/have Every means _been tried out without much result.All means _ been tried out without much result.was/were This shoe works _ set up in 1980.Those shoe wor
13、ks _all set up in 1980.3)表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks(筷子),compasses,clothes,glasses,jeans,scissors,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves,shorts 等，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；Chopsticks mainly are used in China.但如与 a kind of,a pair of,the pair of,a series of 连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：This kind of books _useful.=Books of this kind _u
14、seful.4)某些集体名词（如family,team 等）作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数。类似动词还有：class,club,company,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team等。5)就近原则下列连词连接两个主语时，及there be 句型有多个并列主语，谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。A or B either A or B neither A nor B 动词与靠近的主语一致not only A but also B there be A,B and C not A but
15、B 1）Either the girl or the boy _ in Canada.(is/are)2）Neither he nor I _ the answer.(knows/know)3）Not only I but also Jane and Mary _tired of having one examination after another.4)You,he or I right.5)_either he or you right?(be)(注意就近原则在疑问中的使用)6）You or he _ to blame_ you or he to blame?Ais，Is Bare，Ar
16、e C is，Are D are，Is 7)Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to those gifted students at the meeting.(NMET 1994)A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand out 6)就前原则当主语后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,in
17、cluding,in addition to等词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。1)The teacher,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,_visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.(NMET2004 北京卷)A.was B.were C.had been D.would be 2）Nobody but John and Helen absent.I,rather than you，responsible for the accident.7)a number of+n（复数）作主语，谓语用
18、复数。the number of+n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数The number of the people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were,was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were 8)a large quantity/amount of+n 谓语由 of 后的名词单复形式决定large quantities/amounts of+n(可数/不可数)谓语复数A large quantity of people_ needed here.A l
19、arge quantity of water _ needed here.Large quantities of food_ gone bad.9）关系代词作主语，定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其先行词的单复数。He is one of the few persons who _a good knowledge of Italian.当 one 之前有 the only修饰时，one 是 who 的先行词，从句谓语动词用单数。He is the only one of the boys who _ given a prize.10)倒装句中，必须认准哪是主语。如：1)Between the tw
20、o buildings(stand)a monument.2)On the ship _(be)over 2,200 people.3)More than 1,500 people lost their lives.Among those_(be)the young woman.11)such,the same起指示代词作用，应根据其所指的内容来确定单、复数。如：Such _ our plan.Such _ my hopes.12)all 做主语表示人时，谓动用复数；若表物，谓动则用单数。All _well that ends well.All _ eager to reach an agre
21、ement.13)part of/half of/,percent of/one third of+名词,谓语动词要与of 后面的名词保持一致。One third of the land is sold by the government.常用的一些表示整体概念的词iron and steel 钢铁law and order 治安a watch and chain 一块带链的表A needle and thread 针线a coat and tie 配有领带的上衣Exercises 1.Each of you _ responsible for the accident.A.am B.be C
22、.is D.are 2.Each man and woman _ the same rights.A.has B.have C.had D.is having 3.Every means _ tried but without much result.A.has been B.have been C.are D.is 4.There _ in this room.A.are too much furniture B.is too many furnitures C.are too much furnitures D.is too much furniture 5.The manager or
23、his assistant _ planning to go.A.were B.are C.was D.be 6.Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.A.am B.is C.are D.was 7.Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.A.is B.are C.has D.was 8.Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting.A.attends B.attend C.are attending D.have att
24、ended 9._ was wrong.A.Not the teacher but the students B.Both the students and the teacher C.Neither the teacher nor the students D.Not the students but the teacher 10.“_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”“I suppose so.”A.Will be B.Is C.Are D.Were 11.Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.A.a
25、re B.has C.is D.were 12.Most of his savings(存款）_ in the Xin Hua Bank.A.has been kept B.is being kept C.have kept D.have been kept 13.All that can be done _.A.has done B.has been done C.have done D.have been done 14.One or perhaps more pages _.A.is missing B.has been missed C.are missing D.was missin
26、g 15.More than one worker _ dismissed.A.have been B.are C.has been D.has 16.Whiskey and soda _ his favorite drink.A.is B.are C.were D.have been 17.Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.A.have realized B.has realize C.have been realized D.has been realized 18.The gas works _
27、near the city.A.is B.are C.were D.be 19.The surroundings（环境）of his house _ clean now.A.is B.are C.was D.were 20.The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours.A.has argued B.has been arguing C.have argued D.have been arguing 21.The public _ generous in their contributions to the ear
28、thquake victims.A.is B.was C.are D.has been 22.Cattle _ on the hillside.A.grazes B.is grazing C.was grazing D.were grazing 23.Her politics _ neither conservative nor liberal.A.is B.are C.was D.has been 24.Measles(麻疹）_ a kind of infectious illness.A.is B.are C.were D.have been 25.The Philippines _ to
29、 the south-east of China.A.lies B.lie C.lay D.lays 26.Mary is one of the girls who _ always on time.A.is B.am C.are D.was 27.Tom is the only one of the stall members who _ to be promoted.A.is going B.are going C.has been going D.have been going 28.What caused the accident _ on the road.A.were stone
30、B.were stones C.was stone D.was stones 29._ is to attend our evening.A.both the singer and the dancer B.Either the singer or dancers C.The singer or dancers D.The singer and dancer 30.The Smiths _ their breakfast when the morning post came.A.had B.has been having C.are having D.were having 31.No one
31、 except two students _ the meeting.A.has been late for B.have been late for C.was late for D.were later for 32.All but him and me _to the exhibition.A.am going B.is going C.are going D.was going 33.Interest,as well as prospects,_ important when one looks for a job.A.are B.were C.is D.was 34.The pres
32、ident,accompanied by his assistants,_.A.have arrived B.are arriving C.had arrived D.has arrived 35.A number of cars _ in front of the park.A.is parked B.was parked C.are parked D.has parked 36.The number of articles published on smoking _ amazing.A.is B.are C.were D.have been 37.The majority of the
33、damage _ easy to repair.A.is B.are C.were D.be 38.The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to health.A.are believed B.had believed C.has believed D.believe 39.Four-fifths of the crop _.A.are ruined B.was ruined C.were ruined D.have been ruined Homework 1.Finish Grammar on P98-99.2.Preview the part of Integrating skills.