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1、考研写作核心词汇图标常用词汇上升、增加动词词汇increases grow、rise、expands ascend accumulate surge、swelk jump、leap、skyrocket soor、climb动词词组go/push up、post/register/manage a moderate/small gain、gain a momentum、continueits upward trend名词词汇increasex growth、rise、expansionx accumulations pickup、goin、jump、leapxclimb名词词组on the ri
2、se/increase下降、减少动词词汇decreasex decline、fall、reduce、descends diminish、dwindle、plunge、plummet、drop、dip、slump、slide、shrink、collapse动词词组go dowrix drop/fall o ff、take a dipx continue its downward tren名词词汇decreasex decline、diminishment、slowdownx slump、shrinkage、dip、drop、fall名词词组on the decline急剧地、剧烈地副词drama
3、ticallys sharplys considerably rapidly、suddenly、greotly、alarmingly、significantly、enormously、steeply、incredibly、hugely、amazingly、subst antially词组at an alarming rate、by leaps and bounds、in big leaps、by a missive leap、by a wide margin缓慢地副词graduallys steadily、slightly、gently、marginally slowlys moderatel
4、y词组in a moderate wayx by the least amount保持平衡词组remain/stay stable/steady/constant/the same/unchanged起伏、波动词组、句子rise and talk fluctuate slightly/dramatically x fluctuate between.and.sa minor fluctuation sWe can see small rises and falls/fluctuations.环境保护类环境保护环境保护环境保护 environment al protection提高环保意识 en
5、hance environmental保持生态平衡 keep ecological balance生态系统ecosystem自然保护区nature reserve可持续发展战略 sust ainable development strategy宜人的生活环境 pleasant living environment节能减排节能（节约能源）save the energy减排（减少温室气体排放）reduce the emission of greenhouse gases降低资源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation环保产品 environmen
6、t-friendly product全球变暖 global warming低碳经济 low-carbon economy清洁可再生能源clean renewable energy核能 nuclear energy太阳能 solar energy大功率电器 high-power electrical appliance二氧化碳 carbon dioxide气候变化 climate change环境恶化环境恶化环境恶化 environment al deterioration乱砍滥伐 deforestation防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploit at
7、ion水土流失 water and soil erosion土壤沙化 desertification人口增长 population growth野生动物保护wildlife protection濒危物种 endangered species野生物种wild species商业捕鱼 commercial fishing过度捕捞over-fishing过度开发 reckless exploitation自然灾害自然灾害 natural disasters大灾难 catastrophe破坏性、灾难性地震 destructive and disastrous earthquake沙尘暴sandstor
8、m沙丘 sand dune/hill旱灾 drought水灾flood雪灾 snowstorm环境污染环境治理污染者负担的政策the polluter-pay policy执法检查 law enforcement inspection限期治理 undert ake treatment within a prescribed limit of time白色污染白色污染 white pollution限制/禁止使用一次性塑料袋 limit/ban/prohibit the use of disposable plastic bags可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradabl
9、e plastic bags一次性筷子 disposable chopsticks垃圾处理乱扔垃圾Itter垃圾分类 garbage classificatio丢弃 throw、discard垃圾 trash、rubbishs leftover城市垃圾无害处理 decont amination of urban refuse垃圾填埋场refuse landfill三废 three types of wastes(waste water,waste gas and solid waste)综合禾D用 multipurpose use：工业废弃物indus什ial waste水资源保护区 wate
10、r resource conservation zone污水处理 sewage treatment集中处理厂 centralized treatment plant再生水 recycled water空气污染空气污染浓度 air pollution concentration汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust尾气净化器exhaust purifier无铅汽油 lead-free gasoline天然气汽车 gas-fueled vehicles电动汽车 cell-driven vehicles小排量汽车 small-engine vehicles工业粉尘排放 indust
11、rial dust discharge烟尘排放soot emission矿物燃料(煤、石油、fossil fuels(coal oil and natural gas)教育文化类 教育 学位学士学位 bachelors degree硕士学位 masters degree博士学位 doctors degree获得学位get a degree文科arts理科 science文学硕士 Master of Arts(AA.A.)理学硕士 Master of Science(M.S.)工商管理硕士 Master of Business Administration(MBA)公共管理硕士 Master o
12、f Public Administration(MPA)工程硕士 Master of Engineering(ME)会计硕士 Master of Professional Accounting(MPAcc)金融硕士 Master of Science in Finance(MSF)学校幼J L园 nursery、kindergarten小学 primary/elementary school中学 middle school、secondary education综合性大学university学院 institute高等教育 higher education大学生 college/univers
13、ity students大学毕业生 college/university graduates商学院 business school法学院law school研究生院 graduate school教授 professor全体教师faculty系 department专业major教学设施 teaching facilities食堂 dining hall宿舍 dormitory选修课 elective/optional course学杂费 tuition fees and other expenses教育终身教育 life-long education素质教育 education for al
14、l-round development义务教育 compulsory education应试教育 exam-orient ed education成人教育 adult education理论知识 theoretical knowledg实践技能 practical skills信息时代 era of information知识爆炸时代 era of knowledge explosion影响学习成绩 affect school performance逃课 skip classes学习成绩 academic performance学习氛围 academicatmosphere开阔眼界 broad
15、en ones horizon激发兴趣 stimulate ones interest开发潜能 unlook ones potential学生减负 reduce study load文理分科 separation between liberal arts and science放松的大学生活relaxing college life兼职 part-time job招生就业招生 recruitment录取 enrollment申请入学 apply for admission to/into高考 College Entrance Examination就业市场job market雇主 employ
16、er雇员 employee职业培训 vocational training文化文化交流文化交流 cultural exchanges文化融合cultural传统中国文化 traditional Chinese culture儒家 Confucianism佛家 Buddhism道家 Daoism、Taoism京剧 Peking、Opera中国书法 Chinses calligraphy西方文化 western culture启蒙运动 Enlightenment人本主义humanism后现代主义post-modernism多 元 文 彳 匕 multi culturex pluralistic/m
17、osaic cultures文化多元化 cultural diversity保存珍惜 preserve and cherish取其精华，去其糟粕 absorb its essence and resist its dark side辉煌灿烂的文化遗产 splendid and glorious cult ural heritage/legacy/relics积极促进文化发展 promote cultural development positively与时俱进 keep pace with times跨文化交流 cross-cultural communication文化差异 cultural
18、 differences文化传统 cultural traditions人类文明 human civilization主2?（七 spiritual civilization解读经典 interpret ation of classics流行文化流行文化 popular culture电视广告泛滥 the pervasive advertisements on TV偶像崇拜idol worship上网成瘾web addiction虚拟生活virtual life网上交友 make friends online网聊 chat on the Internet网络谣言online gossip网上购
19、物 online shopping团购 group/team buying/purchase网络监管 the Internet supervision网络暴力 the Internet violence网络实名制 the Internet real-name system不负责言论 rresponsible remarks购买彩票 buy lotterytickets电子游戏 electronic games数码产品 digital products手机短信text message垃圾短信junk message手机入网 mobile phone subscription独立 independ
20、ence自立 self-dependence溺爱 doting care、spoil人生哲理类独立独生子女only children激双Q竞争 fierce competition啃老族 boomerang kids、NEET(Not in Education,Employment or Training)不劳而获 reap without sowing坚持不断努力never give up决不放弃never give up决不停止进步 never stop making progress获得成功 achieve success创新 innovation勤奋 diligence奋斗精神 str
21、iving spirit拼搏精神 determined spirit人生观 outlook on the world恒心 perseverance耐心 patience谨慎 prudence信心自信 self-confidence谦虚 modesty缺乏自信 the lack of confidence高估困难 exaggerate/overestimate difficulties低谷困难 underestimate ones abilities合作团队合作teamwork团队精神team spirit与他人合作 cooperate/associate with others齐心协力、众志成
22、城 joint/cooperative efforts互相帮助 help each other乐观保持乐观 keep optimistic悲观 pessimism积极态度 positive attitudes保持良好心态keep a good mood善心 benevolence选择大学毕业生 college/university graduates考研 take the Postgradute Admission Test、take the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination出国留学 study abroad/overseas创业 start
23、 ones own business就业 employment find a job做出正确选择make right choices社会热点类健康生理健康 physical health他 理健康 mental/psychological health/fitness健康问题 health concern亚健康 sub-health公共卫生public health心态 state of mind、mindset进行体育锻炼 do physical exercises均衡饮食 well-balanced diet垃圾食品junk food减肥、节食goonadiet提供医疗服务 provide
24、 medical services牺牲健康 sacrifice health短期经济利益 short-term financial benefits全面禁烟 carpet/total tobacco ban疾病 ilness、disease慢性病 chronic disease传染病 infectious disease酗酒 alcoholism癌 症cancer医疗体制改革 reform of medical treatment两代关系代沟 generation gap弥合差距bridge the gap相互理解 mutual understanding误解 misunderst andin
25、g赡养 financially support照顾 care for.take care of、look after老所虐 彳 寺 mistreatx maltreat il-treat(-ment)老龄化社会aging society人口老龄化 population aging老年人 old/aged people、the old/aged/eldersx elderly/senior citizens奉行孝道 practice filial piety社会社会公德 social morality公德 public morality传统美德 traditional virtue责任 duty
26、、responsibility责 彳 壬 感 sense of responsibility承 担 责 彳 壬 shoulder/assume/undert ake ones duties/responsibilities逃避责任 avoid/shirk/shuns duties/responsibilities奉献 devote、devotions dedicate、dedication无私奉献 selfless devotion信任危机 the crisis of trust公德堕落 the corruption of public morals道德缺失 the lack of moral
27、 sense不道德行为 immoral behaviors希望工程Project Hope中国红十字会 Red Cross Society of China慈善机构charity捐款 donate、donation贫困乡村地区 poor Cross Society of China入学 start school辍学 drop out of school完成学业finish school尊老爱幼 respect the old and care for the young随地吐痰 spit everywhere大声喧哗 make noises take loudly职业职业道德 professi
28、onal ethics空洞承诺empty promise虚假 诺 false promise伪劣产品 fake commodities欺诈行为 dishonest behaviors诚信 honesty学术腐败 academic corruption票！J窃抄袭plagiarism食品安全food safety工程质量 construction quality地沟油gutter oil毒奶粉 poisonous formula婴儿奶粉 infont formula食品添加剂food additive药价虚高 unaff ordable prices of medicines过度.上涨 exce
29、ssive growth旅游门票 tourism ticket非法广告legal ads不公平竞争 unfair competitions争抢利益 compete for benefits治标不治本 address symptoms but not root causes管 理 部administration departments监管部门 supervision departments商家 commercial ent erprises厂家 manuf acturing units企业经营者 enterprise operator有关当局 authorities concerned收受贿赂t
30、ake bribes漠视法律 disregard of laws推卸责任 shift the blame onto消费者权益 consumers rights and interests维护自我权益protect self-rights伪专家 unqualified experts公正有效履行职责 perform ones tasks fairly and eff ectively提供礼貌热情的服务 provide polite and enthusiastic services腐败现象 corruption phenomenon交通交通事故 traffic accidents私家车 priv
31、ate cars发展公共交通 develop public transport醉驾 drunk drive酒后驾车 drive under the influence of alcohol司机driver行人 pedestrian公交专用车道bus lane（机动车）单双号限行 odd-and-even license plate rule早晚高峰 morning and evening peak晚高峰 evening peak交通拥堵 traffic jam/congestion x heavytraffic老所交通高峰期rush hour公共交通线路网 public transport n
32、etwork尾号限行 traffic restrictions based on the last digit of license plate numbers交通管制 traffic control无车日 car-free day经济管理市场经济体制 the market economy system经济全球化 economic globalization国际经济组织international科技进步 advancements in science and technology跨国公司 multinational corporations私营企业 private enterprise汽车产业
33、 automobile industry房地产业 real estate industry电信产业 telecommunication industry国产品牌 domestic/national/Chinese brand市场份额 market share/portion公司 company、corporation企业 enterprise员工 staff、personnel雇主 employer雇员 employee：工作满意度job satisfaction工作压力 work/working pressure提高福利待遇 improve welfare and treatment吸 引
34、夕 卜 资 attract foreign investment法律保护 legal protection深远的社会经济影响 profound social and economic consequences改革开放 reforms and opening-up社会保障体系 social security system失业 unemployment住房问题 housing problem公用基础设施 public infrastructure摩天大楼skyscraper可持续的W I5发展 sust ainable urban development城市彳匕urbanization经济危机 e
35、conomic crisis、financial crisis、financial turmoik financial meltdown经济不景气 recessionx depression、sluggish economy失业 lose ones job、be unemployeds be redundant失 必 job losses mount、unemployment climb失业人数 jobless number找工作 seek employment、job-hunting找工作者job seeker严峻的就业形势a tough job market信心下滑 confidence
36、slump经济复苏 economic recovery经济危机的影响 the fallout of the economic crisis应对危机 face the crisis、meet the crisis、fight the crisis重建信心 confidence reconstruction遏制衰退 cont ain declines减缓衰退 slow down declines安居工程 affordable/comfort able housing project成本削减cost-cutting创造新的就业 generate new employment刺激消费 stimulat
37、e consumption恢复 revives recoverys turnaround积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy减少裁员 refrain from laying off employees减员 cut the salaried work force结构调整 structural adjustment经济刺 激方案 economic stimulus package/plan/bill就业指导 career guidance扩大内需 propel/driver/expand domestic demand基础设施建设 infrastructure construction减免税收taxrelief厉行节约 practise economy适度宽松的货币政策 moderately loose monetary policy政府紧急援助government bailout政府做某事的决心governments vowto do sth.