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1、Date:Teaching Plan:Unit 1 Learning a Foreign Language SECTION A重点词汇rewardingfrustratejuniorpositiveformeropportunitycommunicateaccessparticipatevirtualdisciplineminimumassignmentembarrasscontinualbenefitinsightexpandawareuniqueidealreflectcriticalinstructariselikelycommitessentialchallengeeffective重
2、要短语unlikefar fromkeep up withgive upcomeacrossreap thebenefits oftrade forparticipateinreach outtoplay a roleinbecomeaware ofreflect onallow for1.rewarding 用 法 ad j.值得做的;有回报的;有益的:Teaching can be avery rewarding career.教学可以成为很值得做的工作。Taking care of children is trying,but it is rewardingyouwill win lov
3、e and respect from them.照看孩子很费神,但也是有收获的一你能赢得他们的爱戴与尊敬。考 点 rew arding表 示“即使抓起未得到多少,但由于重要或有用而满足”之意。主语一般是“做 某 件 事(doingsth.)”记 忆 法 词 根 reward v.回报,酬谢;n.酬金、奖赏 辨析 rewarding 与 worthwhile二者都有值得做之意,但又有不同:rewarding主要强调精神上的 愉 悦(satisfied and happy)以及对以后带来的好处,而 worthwhile则主要讲等值(w orth),另外,与worthwhile连用的主语通常是某个名
4、词(s统.)。例如:Gone with the wind is a worthwhile f ilm.飘是一部值得看的电影。2.frustrate 用法 vt.(1)使沮丧,使灰心:People are frustrated with thepoliticians.人们对政客很失望。(2)使挫败,使受挫折:We intended to go to the pop concert,but the heavy rain frustrated us。我们打算去听流行音乐,但因大雨而未能成行。考 点 frustrate是描写情绪变化的动词,与 interest,excite,move等词一样,若句子的
5、主语是主体(sb.)时,frustrate用被动式即-ed形式;反 之,当主语是客体(sth.)时,frustrate用-ing形式。It is frustrating to work with such a trouble-maker.与他这样的麻烦制造者一起工作真令人头疼。记 忆 法 frustrate的名词形式是frustration,常 与 in 或 with连 用,构 成 in frustration处于沮丧、灰心的状态中,withfrustration由于沮丧,由于失望例如:He sighed in frustration when he found he wasntenrolle
6、d in the university of his choice,当他发现没有被自己喜欢的大学录取时,失望地叹了 口气。3.junior 用法 a d j.年少的,资历浅的:He was a junior officer in thearm y.他在军队是个下级军官。n.sb.who is younger;sb.of low or lower rank 年少者,地位较低者,晚辈a junior high school is a school for children who are 12 to 15years o ld.初级中学的学生年龄在12至 15岁。记 忆 法 senior(R)(l)
7、adj.年长的,资历深的;n.地位较高者,长辈 辨析 junior 与 youngerjunior 指“年少”时,搭配是 He is three years my junior.rftfyounger 表示“更年轻”时,搭配是 He is three years youngerthan me.younger表示年龄较小,而junior还可表示其它意思,词性也增加了名词。4.positive 用法 adj.积极的,肯定的:Remember and discuss thepositive events you experienced,even if there were only a fewof
8、them.记住并讲一些你经历中积极的事情,即使只有几件。(2)确实的,明确的:I was positive that he would satisfy yourdem ands.我确信他会满足你的要求的。记 忆 法(反)negative负的;否定的考点 当 positive的意义是“确实的,明确的”时,只能作表语,用于句型 4 顾客进了 柜台,与售货员一遭遇(2)encounter=en(使)I counter(相对)+遭遇,遇到9.focus 用法 v.使(注意力)集中:Focus your attention on yourw o rk.把注意力集中在你的工作上。考 点 focus on/
9、upon使集中(注意力)于 典型试题 All his attention was on one thing onlyhow to solve the problem of water shortage.A.emphasized B.delivered C.paid D.focused答案为D o 译文:他全神贯注于一件事如何解决水缺乏问题。focus on集中于;focus ones attention on集中精力于.;pay attention to 注意;emphasize 强调;deliver 传送,交付。10.persuasive 扩展persuade v.说服,劝服;persuas
10、ion n.说服,劝说;dissuade v.劝阻 用 法 a.有说服力的,能使人相信的:Mr Johnson is apersuasive talker.约翰逊先生是个讲话有说服力的人。verypersuasive arguments非常有说服力的论据 考点 persuade sb.into doing/to do sth.说服某人做某事;persuade sb.out of doing/not to do sth.说服某人不做某事;persuade sb.of doing/that使某人相信某事联想 per=thoroughly 彻底地;suade=to advise 劝告(l)persu
11、ade=per(lhoroughly)+suade(音彳以“随的”)f 彻底跟随的一被说服V.(2)persuade=per(thoroughly)卜 suade(=to advise)一彻底地忠告+被说服,使相信认persuasion=persua(de)I sion(名词后缀)f 说服persuasive=persua(de)+sive(形容词后缀)有说服力的,能使人相信的11.presentation 扩 展 present v.&a.呈现,展现;在场的,现在的;presentlya d.马上,一会儿;现在,目前;presence n.存在,出席,到场 用法 n.表现,描述:He gav
12、e a short presentation on hisnew plan.他简短地陈述了一下他的计划。典型试题 He gave his for new marketingprocedures.A.representation B.presentation C.commentD memoranda答 案 为 B o 译文:他阐述了新的营销程序。representation陈述,叙述,指对某种文艺形式,如绘画,小说,雕塑等主题表现的陈述;presentation讲述,描述,指对某个主题展示的行为,如戏的公演,某项学术研究的公开展示等的描述;comment评论,与 o n 搭配,对.加以评论;me
13、moranda备忘录,照会。12.physical 扩 展 physically ad.体格上,身体上 用法 a.(1)身体的,肉体的:Physical activity encouragesgood health.体育活动有助于健康。(2)物质的,有形的,实物的:No one knows howlarge the physical universe i s.没人知道物质世界有多大。典型试题_ _ _ _ _ education doesnt get the emphasis is deservesin our entrance-exam-oriented education system.A
14、.Physics B.Physical C.Physicist D.Mental答案为B.译文:在现行升学导向的教育制度中,体育通常没有得到应有的重视。physics物理;physical身体的;physical education 体育;physicist 物理学家;mental精神的。引申(同)bodily;material,natural;(反)mental,imaginary.13.appearance 扩展 appear出现;reappear再现 用法 nt(l)外观,外貌,外表:Dont judge by appearance.不要根据外表来判断(不要以貌取人)。出现:Shes m
15、ade a number of appearances onT V.她已经在电视上几次露面。考 点 to/by all appearance就外表来看,根据观察推断;inappearance 看起来,外貌上;make ones appearance 登台,出现 弓 I 申(同)look,seeming,outline;emergence;(反)disappearance 联 想-ance名词后缀,表示状态或性质appearance=appear(出现)+ance(n.)*出 现14.rate 用法 n.(1)速度,速率:He runs at a very fast ra te.他跑步的速度非常
16、快。(2)比率:The birth rate is the number of birthscompared to the size of the population.出生率是出生数字与人口总数之比。考 点 at any rate无论如何,至少;at this rate照这种情形at the rate of以.的比例,以.速度 典型试题(l)At any we can go out when it stopsraining.A.ratio B.proportion C.rate D.speed答案为C。译文:无论如何,等雨停了我们就可以出去了。al any rale为固定搭配,“无论如何”,
17、符合题意。要注意该词与ratio和 proportion的区别。rate 一般用词,既可指速度,又可指比率;ratio,“比率,比例”,指一个数(量)与另一个数(量)的比,其搭配为the ratio of Ato B,为 A 与B 之比;proportion 比例,指一物体与其他物体在数量、大小、位置或形状等方面的比例;speed虽可与a t搭配,但不符合题意。典 型 试 题(2)These new machines produce glass bottlestwo thousand per hour.A.by virtue of B.in excess ofC-at the rate of
18、D.at the cost of答案为C o 译文:这些新机器每小时可以生产两千个玻璃瓶。by virtue of借助,由 于;in excess of超过.以上;at the cost of 以.的代价。15.gesture 用法 n.手势,示意动作:He made a friendly gesture to theforeigner.他对那个外国人做了个友善的表示。The taxidriver made a refusal gesture and drove o ff.那个出租车司机作了个拒绝的手势,然后开走了。考点 make a friendly gesture to s b.对某人作友
19、好的表示 典型试题 Covering her face in a of despair,sheburst out crying.A.sign B.symptom C.gesture D.posture答案为C o译文:她绝望地捂着脸,放声大哭起来。gesture多指用以取代言语、加强语义的动作或手势;in a gesture of以.的姿态;sign指手、头等的示意动作;symptom指疾病等的症状,征兆;posture姿态,体态,态度。引申(同)sign,posture16.absorb 扩展 absorbent a.能吸水的;absorbing a.吸引人的;absorption n.(被
20、)吸引,吸收 用 法 vt.(1)吸引.的注意力,使.感兴趣:English isa subject that absorbs h e r.英语是一门使她全身心投入的课程。I was absorbed in a book and didnt hear your call.我(当时)正专心读一本书,没有听见你的叫声。(2)吸收(如液体,热,光),(喻)吸收(知识等):Drysand absorbs water.干沙吸收水分。The clever boy absorbedall the knowledge that teachers could give h im.那聪明的男孩把他老师所能教他的知
21、识都吸收了。考点 be absorbed in专心于.absorb二 ab(away)+sorb(形似 sore 疼痛的)疼 痛 走 了 被吸收了17.impress 扩 展 impression n.印象,效果,感觉,感想;impressive a.印象深刻的 用 法 v t.给.深刻的印象,使钦佩:My father impressedon me the value of hard w o rk.我父亲使我铭记勤奋工作的重要性。I was very impressed by/at/with his speech.他的演讲给我留下了深刻的印象。考 点 impresson把某事铭刻在(某人心中
22、);be impressedwith/by给某人留下印象 联 想 参 看 impression18.consistent 扩展 consistently ad.一 贯 地,一 直;consistency(consistence)n.(言行)一致 用法 a.(l)*贯的:The last five years have seen a consistentimprovement in the countrys economy.在最近五年里,这个国家的经济情况一直在好转。(2)一 致 的:This statement is not consistent withwhat you said earli
23、er.这说法同你以前说过的话不一致。考点 be consistent with 与.致(符合)典型试题 The government hasnt been t oo in theway its treated unemployment and rising prices.A continuous B.consequence C.consistentD.considerate答案为C。译文:政府在对待失业和涨价的问题上的方式是不一致的。consistent 一致的,协调的;continuous连续不断的;considerate周到的,体贴的。19.depressed 扩 展 a.精神不振的,忧伤
24、的,消沉的;depressionn,沮丧,消沉,不景气;depressive压抑的,抑郁的 用法 v t.抑郁,使沮丧:The thought of having to take theexam again depressed m e.想到还必须重新考试,我就感到沮丧。考点 be/feel depressed a t 对.感到沮丧 典型试题 We were depressed the bad news.A.in B.at C.for D.with答案为B。译文:我们知道这个坏消息后感到很沮丧。弓 I 申 (同)discourage,dishearten,sadden;(反)encourage
25、de=down 向下 press=to press 压depress=de(down)+pressf 往 下 压 v.压抑,使萧条20.audience 扩 展 auditorium礼堂 用法 n,观众,听众:The audience was/were fascinated byher beautiful so n g.听众被她的美妙歌声迷住了。考 点 audience做主语时,如看作整体时谓语用单数,看作个体时谓语动词用复数。类似用法的词还有:family,army,groupo 典型试题 The football match was dull that most of theleft at
26、 half-time.A.audience B.crowd C.public D.players答案为A。译文:这场足球赛太没意思了,大部分的观众在看了一半的时候就退场了。audience听众,观众;crowd人群,群众;public公共场所。联想 audi=to hear 听audience=audi(to hear)+ence(名词后缀)f 听的人 f 听众21.contact 用法 n.接触,联系,交往:I have lost contact with Maryfor years.我与玛丽已经多年没有联系了。V.(通过捎信或打电话等)跟(某人)联络上,同(某人)(建立)联系:Have y
27、ou contacted the childs parents?你同孩子的父母联系上了吗?考 点(l)contact作动词用,本身已内含“与”的意义,因而不再要多余的with;作名词时,则常与with连用。(2)be in/out of contact with 与.接触着/与.失去联系;lose contact with和.失去联系 辨析(l)contact,touchcontact和 touch在 作“接触”(借喻意义)“联系”讲时,这两个词很少有区别,常可以通用。当 touch表示具体“触摸”时,不能用contact代替。contact作为及物动词,可以表示联系,touch则不能。辨 析
28、(2)contact,contract这两个词为近形词一单词拼写很像,词义差别却很大。contract n.合同;收缩,感染。典型试题 Although we have made frequent attempts tohis relatives,we have so far been unsuccessful.A.communicate B.relate C.relay D.contact答案为D。译文:尽管我们经常和他的家属们联系,但总是毫无结果。communicate with 与联系;relate(to,with)叙述,讲,使联系;relay使接替,转播;contact接触,联系。弓
29、I 申(同)association,connection,touch 联想 con:together 共同;tact:touch 触,接触contact:con(together)+tact(touch)起碰触f 接触22.relax 扩 展 relaxation n.休息,放松;relaxed(人)轻松的,自在的;relaxing使人懒洋洋的 用 法 v.使(困难等)减少;(使)休息,放松:A holiday willhelp you relax after your exam s.考试后有个假有助于弛缓紧张情绪。You must not relax your efforts for a m
30、oment.你要努力,一刻也不能松懈。联想 re=back 回,向后;lax=to loosen 放松lax=la+x=拉开+x,“x”就像一个绳子打成的结,被拉开就是松开to loosenrelax=re(back)十 lax(to loosen)-放松以回到原来的状态-v,放松23.entertainment 扩 展 entertain v.娱乐,款待 用法 n.娱乐;供消遣的东西:Its not a very serious film,but it*s a good entertainment.这不是一部严肃的电影,却是一部很好的娱乐片。the places of public ente
31、rtainment 公共娱乐场所 典型试题 There were music,game and dancing for theof the guests.A.accommodation B.conviction C.entertainmentD.commitment答案为C。译文:用音乐,游戏和舞蹈来款待和娱乐客人。accommodation住处,膳宿;conviction深信,确信,定罪;entertainment款待,娱乐,娱乐表演;commitment委托事项,许诺,承担义务。联 想 tain二to hold,to keep保持;-ment:名词后缀,表示状态或性质entertain=e
32、nter(go in)+tain(to hold)*进去就被留住-*v.招待24.humor 扩展 humorous a.幽 默 的;humorist n.幽 默 家;humorousness a.缺乏幽默感的,一本正经的 用法 n.(英 humor)幽默(音译):He has a(no)sense ofhum or.他有(缺乏)幽默感。My boss is in good(bad)humorrecently.我的老板最近情绪很(不)好。Mary is out of humorfor anything.玛丽现在对任何事都没有兴趣。考点 a(no)sense of humor 有(缺乏)幽默感;
33、in bad(good)humor情绪不(很)好;out of humor for slh.对某事没有兴趣重要短语1.make up ones mind 用法下定决心,打定主意:He made up his mind to pass CET-4test.他下定决心一定要通过大学英语四级。2o range from.to.用法从.到.(范围或幅度内)变化:A good deed mayrange from endowing a university to helping an old lady crossthe street.做好事的范围很广,从给大学捐款到帮助老奶奶过马路,不一而足。3.foc
34、us on 用法使注意力集中在:Public attention at the moment isfocused on the problem of the mad cow disease.当前公众的注意力都集中在疯牛病的问题上。This year our meeting focuses on the question of childrensrig h t.今年我们的会议集中讨论儿童权益的问题。4.drive sb.crazy 用法 逼得某人发疯或受不了:She was nearly driven madby toothache.牙疼几乎使她发疯。典型试题 This terrible noi
35、se is me crazy.A.turning B.driving C.setting D.putting答案为B。译文:这可怕的噪音吵得我快要发疯了。drive此处的意思是“迫使,使不得不,drive sb.crazy使某人发疯,为固定搭配。5.at ones best 用法 处于最佳状态,在全盛时期:Im never at my bestearly in the m orning.在大清早我从来不处于最佳状态。辨析 at ones best,in ones best 典型试题 The days when he was his best was anold story.A.at B.in
36、C.on D.with答案为A。译文:他的顶峰时期已经过去。atones案st表示 处 于 最 佳 状 态。如:Xuanwu lake is at its best inautum n.玄武湖秋天最美。in ones best表示穿着最好的衣服。如:During Spring Festival many men and women,youngand old are in their b est.春节时,男男女女,老老少少都穿上最好的衣服。考 点 try ones b est,竭尽全力;at(the)best最好,充其量不过;ones best 尽力.;make the best use of
37、充分利用;get the best of 击败,赢得municate with 用法 与.交谈,与.交流:He is a shy boy who can*tcommunicate with people very well.他是个腼腆的孩子,不大善于同别人交流。Deaf people use sign language to communicate with eacho th er.聋人用手语相互交流。典型试题 The two friends havent with eachother for years.A written B.associated C.heardD.communicated
38、答案为D。译文:这两个朋友已经多年没有联系过了。Writewith用.写;associate with把.与.联想在一起;hear from 收至U(来信);communicate with 联系,通信。7.lighten up 用法 放松,不要生气:Lighten up,would you?She didntmean to break the b o w l.别生气了,行吗?她不是有意打碎碗的。8.take.seriously 用法 认真地对待:You take everything too seriously.Relaxand enjoy yourself.你对什么事都这么认真,放 松 下
39、,好好玩玩吧!经典句式1.表示结果的现在分词结构:causing a chain of reactions 说明causing a chain of reactions在原文中是现在分词短语作状语,表示结果。如:The old man told us many funnystories,making us very happy.这位老人给我们讲了许多有趣的故事,使我们非常高兴。He made many mistakes,causing his failure in the exam.他出了很多错,致使他考试不及格。这类分词短语通常放在句子后部。2.if 条件句的用法:if I did agre
40、e,I wouldnt,说明if条件句通常有两类,一类是真实条件句,表示假设的情况是有可能发生的,i f 从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时,主句为将来时态,如课文中出现的一句:If you followall this advice,you will drive everyone crazyincludingyourself.另一类则是虚拟语气,表示主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况。虚拟条件句又分为两类,一种是表示对现在及将来情况的虚拟,从句中的谓语动词形式为过去式,主句为would+动词原形,如:I would certainly go if I had thetim e.要是有时间我一定去(但我没有时
41、间)。另一种为对过去的情况表示虚拟,其从句谓语动词为had+过去分词,主句谓语动词为would have+过去分词,如:If we had madeenough preparations,we would have succeeded.要是准备充分我们就成功了。疑难章节I.Consciously or unconsciously,we show our true feelings withour eyes,faces,bodies,bodies and attitudes,causing a chainof reactions,ranging from comfort to fear.(Par
42、a.1)译文 无论是有意识还是无意识,我们都会用我们的眼神,面部表情,形体动作和态度来表现我们的真实情感,从而使他人产生从舒适到害怕的一连串反应。说 明(l)a chain of something是表示一系列(一连串)事物,如:a chain of events 一系列事件;a chain of accidents 一系列的意外事故;a chain of由 oughts 一连串的想法;a chain ofbad luck 一连串倒霉的事情。(2)ranging from comfort to fear 是现在分词短语,在这里作非限制性定语(相当于一个非限制性定语从句whichrange fr
43、om comfort to fear),用来修饰 reactions,这时分词要与句子其他部分用逗号隔开,如:The next time I came,XiaoLi,wearing peasant clothing,followed me down them ountain.第二次我来时,小李穿着农民衣裳,也跟着我下山了。2.I have helped them make persuasive presentations,answerunfriendly questions,communicate more effectively.(Para.3),译 文 我 帮 助 他 们,使他们所作的演讲
44、有说服力,教他们如何回答不友好的提问,以及如何与人更有效地沟通。说 明(l)help sb.(to)do s th.帮助某人做某事,to 也可以省略,如:The neighbor helped us(to)move the piano.令 B居帮我们搬钢琴。make,answer,communicate这三个动词是并列关系,都是跟在动词help后面;在英语中只有let,have,make 和感官动词(see,watch,hear,feel,notice 等)后面跟不加to 的动词不定式作复合宾语,但这种句子如果变为被动结构,to就不能不加,如:The boss make them workda
45、y and night/They were made to work day and night 老板强迫他们日夜干活。(2)make a presentation 作演讲,描述,如:The professormade a complete presentation of the present status of humanknowledge of the science.教授对人类当前对这门科学所了解的现状作了完整的陈述。3.You were committed to what you were talking about and soabsorbed in the moment,you
46、lost allself-consciousness.(Para.5)译文那是因为你对你所谈论的事情非常投入,你当时完全沉浸其中,以致于已经完全没有了羞涩的感觉。说明(l)be committed to 投入,如:He is very committed tothe cause of education.他对于教育事业十分投入。be absorbed in 使专心,使全神贯注,如:He wastoo absorbed in his newspaper to hear the bell.他专心读报,连门铃声也没听见。4.They instruct you to greet them withu
47、power handshakes nand tellyou to fix your eyes on the other person.If you follow all thisadvice,you will drive everyone crazy including yourself.(Para.6)译文 他们会教你以“有力的握手”问候他人,并且告诉你要用双眼注视对方。可你如果遵循了所有这些建议,你会让所有的人都受不了一一包括你自己。说明(l)instruct sb.to do s th.命令,吩咐某人做某事,如:I have been instructed to wait here un
48、til the teacherarrived.我被吩咐在这里等候,一直等到那位老师来后再走。(2)fix ones eyes/attention on 注视/注意,如:She feltthat the eyes of Bob were fixed on her.她感到鲍勃在目不转睛地看(3)着dr她ive。sb.crazy逼得某人发疯或受不了,如:Theendless music is driving me crazy.这没完没了的音乐弄得我受不了。5.The most effective people never change from one situation toanother The
49、y are the same whether theyre having aconversation,address in a their garden club or beinginterviewed for a job(Para.7)尉译文给人印象最深的那些人从不随着情境的变化而改变自己。无论是在与人交谈时:在花园聚会上发表演说时,还是在求职面试中,他们的表现都是一样的。说明effective a.有效的,生效的,起作用的;如:Theirefforts to improve the school have been effective.他们治理学校的改进措施卓有成效。(2)fromto从
50、至 lj,如:She went from shop toshop trying to find what she w anted.她走进一 一 家 商 店,设法找到她所要的东西。from door to door挨家挨户;fromone place to another从一个地方到另一个地方。(3)address v.队向讲话;给写 信,如:TheEducation secretary had to address a hostile(敌意的)crowd ofteachers.教育大臣不得不向一群持敌对态度的教师讲话。6.They think,Hes telling me hes happy,