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1、2022年天津职称英语考试真题卷四（本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。）单位：姓名：考号：一题号1 单选题1 多项选择1 判断题1 综合题l 总分分值得分一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。B第一篇/B B Po I it i ca I Spins /B Last week,US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journa I i sts digging for their dictionaries.
2、He ca 11 ed recent er it ici sm by the for旧rPresident Bi I I CI i nton.chutzpah（大胆放肆）Withjust one sentence,Snow managed to make head I i nes,a joke and a defense of President George W.Bush.Interestingly,this is how battles are fought and won in US politics-with carefu 11 y-worded one-I i ners（一行字幕新闻
3、）madefor TV which often lack substance and clarity（清晰度）The amount of information that candidates attempt to corrmun i cate to people is actually getting smaller and smaller,said Mark Smith,a political science professor at Cedarvi I le University.This has been accompanied by a changing media environm
4、ent,Smith said.In 1968,the average TV or radio soundbite（演讲中的句子或短语）was48 seconds,according to Smith.In 1996,the average soundbite had shrunk to 8 seconds.Thus,politicians wanting pub I icity try to make their pub I ic communication as quotable as possible.Campaigning po I it i c i ans a I so use 30-
5、second TV ads and c I ever campaign s I ogans to boost the i r messages.Repub I i can president i a I candidate John McCain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the Straight-Ta I k Express.McCain hopes the name w i I I conv i nee voters he p I ans to te I I peop I e the truth-whether its in fashio
6、n or not.Democratic president i a I candidate Hi I I ary CI i nton,on the other hand,has chosen the campaign s I ogan Let the conversation begin.She hopes it w i I I he Ip her appear open-minded and fr i end I y.But one-I i ners,TV ads and campaign s I ogans a I I have a sing I e key ingredient:some
7、thing common I y ca I I ed po I it i ca I II spin 11.Brooks Jackson,a former journalist and the currant director of the non-partisan（无党派的）websiteFactCheck.org,ca 11 s spin just a po Ii te word for deception（欺骗）I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin,sa i d Jackson.Strong part
8、isans suffer from a universal human tendency:They ignore the evidence that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds and admit that they were wrong.Which statement is NOT true of one-I iners A.They are unclear B.They contain a lot of information C.They l ack su
9、bstance D.They are carefully constructed 2.B第三篇/B B Centers of the Great European Cities /B The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting p I aces by tradition.People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night.Ami xture of I oca Is and tourists make for an exciting,metropo I i
10、 tan（大都市的）atmosphere.Squares,plazas（广场）andarcades（拱廊）formthe heart of Europe s cities.Venice in lta I y has the Piazza San Marco-a beaut i fu I square surrounded by shops,churches,restaurants and cafes.In Barcelona,Spain,La Bosqueria is a I ively market with hundreds of stal Is sel I ing al I kinds
11、of goods.Londons Covent Garden is f i I I ed with fruit and vegetab I e sta 11 s by day and musicians,acrobats（杂技演员）andartists by night.The governn旧ntbu i Id i ngs at the center of n曰nycities often are architecturally impressive.In London,they serve as a beautiful backdrop（背景）tothe coffee tables tha
12、t I ine the streets and the banks of the Thames.These vibrant（有活力的）heartsare the product of centuries of evolution,social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently.The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don t see all the mistakes,said Garreau,Those have all been
13、removed.Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car,so bars,restaurants and cafes were near to peop I es homes.Today,the focus of many EuropeansIi fe has moved away from the centers.They Ii ve in the suburbs and outskirts,dr iv i ng to supermarkets to get the i r supp I i es.B
14、ut on a continent where peop I e treasure convention,there are st i I I those who hold onto traditional ways,I iving and shopping locally.These people,together with tourists,provide the city centers with their reason for existence.Coffee cu I ture p I ays a part in keeping these city centers f I our
15、 i sh i ng.This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversat i ona I i sts.This ski I I is deve I oped over many hours spent chatting over espressos（浓咖啡）andcigarettes.Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere.People in Ron曰nCatho I i c countries u
16、sed to visit the Church on an a I most da i I y basis.Ent i re communities wou Id gather in the same bu i Id i ng and then move out to the markets,cafes and bars in the surrounding streets.An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duorno.The huge marble cathedral in
17、Florence,Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops,and caters（迎合）noton I y to the tourist crowds,but a I so the I oca I corrmun i ty.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe A.has m any large squares B.has m any very magnificent sky-scrapers C.draws tourists in
18、 large numbers every year D.has a center where tourists meet their spouses 3.下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。B How Two Great Conf I i cts He I ped to Change Europe /B Ninety years ago on a sunny morning in Northern France,something happened that changed Britain and Europe for ever.At half past seve
19、n on the morning of July 1,1916,whistles（哨子）blewand thousands of British soldiers left their positions to attack their German enemies.By the end of the day,20,000 of them were dead,and another 30,000 wounded or missing.The Batt I e of the Sonme,U(51)/U it is ca I I ed,I asted for six months.When it
20、ended,125,000 Br it i sh so Id i ers were dead.They had gained five kilometers of ground.This was one of a series of great batt I es during WW I.The attack on the Soome was staged to re Ii eve U(52)/U on the French,who were engaged in a great batt I e of their own at a p I ace ca I I ed Verdun.By th
21、e time the battle ended,over a mi II ion French and German troops had been ki I led.About 17 mi 11 ion people were ki I led in WWI.There have been wars with greater numbers of dead.But there has never been one in U(53)/U most of the dead were concentrated in such a small area.On the Sonme battlefiel
22、d,two men died for every meter of space.Loca I farmers working in the I and st i 11 U(54)/U the bodies of those who died in that battle.The dead of al I nations were buried in a series of giant graveyards a I ong the I i ne of the border U(55)/U France and Be I g i um.Re I at i ves and descendants（子
23、孙）ofthose who died st i 11 visit these graveyards today.What the French ca 11 the tourism of death U(56)/U an important contribution to the I oca I economy.It took a second great conf Ii ct before Europe was to turn U(57)/U war itself.Twenty-eight years after the Somme battle,a I i berating army of
24、British,American and Canadian troops took back U(58)/U from another German invasion.More than 500,000 peop I e were k i I led.New U(59)/U were bui It.Two great conf I i cts across two generations he I ped to change the European mind about war.Germany,once the most war I i ke country in Europe,is now
25、 probab I y more in U(60)/U of peace than any other.One major cause of war in Europe was r i va I ry（竞争）betweenFrance and Germany.The European Uni on was specif i ca I I y formed to end that U(61)/U.According to US commentator Wi 11 iam Pfaff,Europeans are interested in a s I ow deve I opment of c i
26、v i I i zed and to I er ant i nternat i ona I re I at ions,U(62)/U on prob I ems wh i I e avoiding catastrophes（灾难）alongthe way.They have themse Ives on I y recent I y U (63)/U from the catastrophes of WW I and WW 11,when tens of mi I I ions of peop I e were destroyed.They dont want U(64)/U.The I as
27、t British veteran of the Sorrme batt I e died in 2005,aged 108.And WWI is passing out of memory and into history.But for anyone who wants to understand how Europeans U(65)/U,it is st i I I i叩ortantto know a little about the terrible events of July 1,1916.A.since B.because C.as D.for 4.B第二篇/B B A Ta
28、I e of Scotti sh Rura I Life/B Lewis Grassie GibbonsSunsetSong(1932)was voted the best Scottish novel of al I time by Scotlands reading pub I ic in 2005.Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the I i ves of Scot I and spoor rural farmers,it has been adapted for stage,fi Im,
29、TV and radio in recent decades.The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie,in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War I.At its heart is the story of Chris,who is both part of the community and a I ittle outside it.Grassic Gibbon gives us the mo
30、st detailed and intimate account of the I ife of his heroine（女主人公）Wewatch her grow through a childhood dominated by her crue I but hard-work i ng father;experience tragedy(her mothers suicide and murder of her twin children);and learn about her fee I i ngs as she grows into a woman.We see her marry,
31、I ose her husband,then marry again.Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some fema I e readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man.But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris.It is truly a novel of a place and its people.Its opening section te
32、l lsofKinraddie s long history,ina language that imitates the place s changing patterns of speech and wr it i ng.The story itself is amazingly ful I of characters and incidents,It is told from Chrispoint of view but also from that of the gossiping cornmun i ty,a c011111un i ty where everybody knows
33、everybody e I ses business and nothing is ever forgotten.Sunset Song has a social theme too.It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural I ife first by modernization and then by Wor Id War I.Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resis
34、t the war.Despite this,the war takes the young men away,a number of them to their deaths.In particular,it takes away Chrishusband,Ewan Tavenda I e.The war f i na 11 y k i 11 s Ewan,but not in the way his widow is to Id.In fact,the Germans arent responsible for his death,but his own side.He is shot b
35、ecause he is said to have run away from a battle.I f the nove I i s about the end of one way of I i f e i t a I so I ooks ahead.It is a Sunset Song but is concerned too with the new Kinraddie,indeed of the new European world.Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that con
36、tinue its story.Which statement is NOT true of Chris A.She is the heroine of Sunset Song B.She had a miserable childhood C.She is the creation of a man D.She married only once 5.下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。B Petitions /8 Petitions have long
37、been a part of British political life.Anyone who wanted to change something wou Id get a I i st of signatures from peop I e who agreed to the idea and either send them to the government or deliver them persona I I y to the Pr i me Ministers house in London.They are a I ways accepted at the door by o
38、ne of the PMs off i c i a Is.What happens then Nothing much,usua I I y.But petitions have a I ways been thought of as a usefu I way for those who govern to find out what the peop I e really think.Thats why the UK government I aunched i ts II e-pet it i on II s i te i n November 2006.Instead of phys
39、i ca I I y co 11 ect i ng signatures,a 11 anyone with an idea has to do now is to make a proposal on the government website,and anyone who supports the idea is free to add his or her signature.The petitions soon started to flow in.The idea was for the British peop I e to express their constructive i
40、deas.Many chose instead to express their sense of humor.One petitioner cal led on Tony Blair to stop the Deputy Prime Minister eating so much11.Another wanted to expe I（驱逐）ScotI and from the United Kingdom because Scotti sh footba I I fans never support Eng I and in the Wor Id Cup.Other petitioners
41、ca 11 ed on the Prime Minister to abo Ii sh the monarchy.Some wanted to give it more power.Some wanted to oppose the United States.Others wanted to I eave the Eu rope an Uni on.Some wanted to send mee troops to Iraq and others wanted them al I brought home.Some wanted to adopt the euro（欧元）Otherswant
42、ed to keep the pound.Yet if some petitions are not serious,others present a direct cha I I enge to government po I icy.A petition ca I I i ng on the government to drop plans to charge drivers for using roads has already drawn around 1.8 mi I I ion signatures.In response to that,a r i va I petition h
43、as been posted in support of road pricing.And that is also rapidly growing.There are about 60 mi 11 ion people in Britain,so it is understandable that the government wants to find out what peop I e are thinking.But the prob I em with the e-pet it ion site seems to be that the British peop I e have a
44、bout 70 mi 11 ion opinions,and want the Prime Minister to hear al I of them.Perhaps he could start a petition asking everyone to just shut up for a while.No other governments have I aunched the i r e-pet it ion sites.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 6.下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。B第一篇/B B Po
45、 I it i ca I Spins /B Last week,US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journa I i sts digging for their dictionaries.He called recent criticism by the former President Bi 11 CI i nton.chutzpah（大胆放肆）Withjust one sentence,Snow managed to make head I i nes,a joke and a defense of President George W.Bu
46、sh.Interestingly,this is how battles are fought and won in US politics-with carefully-worded one-I iners（一行字幕新闻）madefor TV which often lack substance and clarity（清晰度）The amount of information that candidates attempt to comnun i cate to people is actually getting smaller and smaller,said Mark Smith,a
47、 political science professor at Cedarvi I le University.This has been accompanied by a changing media environment,Smith said.In 1968,the average TV or radio soundbite（演讲中的句子或短语）was48 seconds,according to Smith.In 1996,the average soundbite had shrunk to 8 seconds.Thus,politicians wanting pub I icity
48、 try to make their pub I ic comnunication as quotable as possible.Campaigning po I it i c i ans a I so use 30-second TV ads and c I ever campaign s I ogans to boost the i r messages.Repub I i can president i a I candidate John McCain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the Straight-Ta I k Express
49、.McCain hopes the name w i I I convince voters he p I ans to te I I peop I e the truth-whether itsin fashion or not.Democratic presidential candidate Hi I I ary CI i nton,on the other hand,has chosen the ca叩ai gn s I ogan Let the conversation begin.She hopes it w i I I he Ip her appear open-minded a
50、nd fr i end I y.But one-I iners,TV ads and campaign slogans al I have a single key ingredient:something comnonly cal led political spin.Brooks Jackson,a former journalist and the currant director of the non-partisan（无党派的）websiteFactCheck.org,ca 11 s spin just a po Ii te word for deception（欺骗）I do be