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1、Suggested Answers for The Yellow Ribbonby Pete Hamill(P.210)l.Vingo returned from prison to find that his wife still loved him and wanted him back.2.b3.a4.B5.Two examples:Vingo tells his story slowly and painfully and with great hesitation.Vingo tells his story slowly and painfully and with great he
2、sitation.6.Examples of Vingos being honorable:He doesnt express any self-pity about beingin jail.He owns up to his crime.He offers his wife her freedom.7.Place names:Fort Lauderdale,New Jersey,Washington,Jacksonville,the 34th StreetOther transition:Terminal in New York,Philadelphia,Brunswick8.But if
3、 she didnt.9.Maybe the author Hamill asked one of the young people in the story about hertraveling experience.10.The author ends this essay by describing how the young people shouted excitedlywhen they saw the yellow ribbons on the oak tree and how Vingo rose from his seatand made his way to the fro
4、nt of the bus to go home nervously.We may expect that Vingo would receive an amazing and warm welcome when hewalks into his home.The author just wants to leaves some space for the readers to think and imagine freely.P.2 56-Taming the Anger Monster:by Anne Davidson1.d2.Anger has become an increasingl
5、y common problem in our society.3/According to Carol Tavris,author of Anger:The Misunderstood Emotthieonk,eys todealing withanger are common sense and patience.4.Effect:An epidemic of anger Three causes:Lack of time,technology,tension6.B7.Introduction:Paragraphs:Supporting Point 1:Paragraph(s)Suppor
6、ting Point 2:Paragraph(s)Supporting Point 3:Paragraph(s)Supporting Point 4:ParagraphsSupporting Point 5:ParagraphsConclusion:Paragraph:1一56-91 0-1 2_13_1 4 T 51 6-2 0_ 27_8.To begin with Technology is also Tension,the third major culprit9.D10.The first paragraph presents a story about a person with
7、anger problems.The lastparagraph shows how that story was successfully resolved.P289.-Born to Be Different?:by Camille Lewisc 2.a 3.D4.She lists a series of examples where the“empathizing“mindset is evident:female-dominated careers,female reading matter,and female relationships5.Brain anatomyWays of
8、 interacting with the worldWays of problem solving6.Lewis presents her essay point by point.The first point is about brain anatomy,thesecond is about interacting with the world,and the third is about problem solving.For each point,she discusses women and then men.7.Introduction:Paragraphs _1-5Suppor
9、ting Point 1:Paragraph(s)_6-7Supporting Point 2:Paragraph(s)_3-9Supporting Point 3:Paragraph(s)_10-11Conclusion:Paragraph _128.On the other handIn contrast(9)But(11)9.d 10 aP.508Suggested Answers for Shame”Dick Gregory(P.508)Note:The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selecti
10、on.Reading Comprehension Questions,584-5851.A 2.D 3.b Answers a,c,and d are too narrow.4.a Answers b,c,and d are too narrow.5.c See Paragraph 66.True See Paragraph 23 7.a See Paragraph 58.B.The entire incident with the Community Chest Fund shows Richards pride9.b Richards teacher ignores his problem
11、s and humiliates him in front of theentire class;see paragraphs 5 through 26.10.b Helene cries over Richards humiliation;see paragraph 23.Structure and Technique,5851.In paragraphs 1 and 2,Gregory mentions several steps he took to impress HeleneTucker.What were they?Why does he include them in his e
12、ssay?Answenln order to impress Helene,Gregory brushed his hair,got a handkerchief,washed his socks and shirt every night,shoveled the snow off her walk,tried tomake friends with her mother and aunts,and left money on her stoop.He describesthose steps in detail because,besides demonstrating his devot
13、ion to Helene,theygive a clear picture of Gregorys poverty.2.A metaphor is a suggested comparison.What metaphor does Gregory use inparagraph 5,and what is its purpose?What metaphor does he use in the secondsentence of paragraph 7,and what does it mean?Answer:In paragraph 5,Gregory uses the metaphor
14、that he was pregnant to suggestthe effects of poverty on him-it gave him strange tastes,which pregnant peopleget.It also filled him(as pregnancy fills someone),but with negative things:poverty,dirt,smells that made people turn away,and so on.In the second sentence of paragraph 7,Gregory uses the met
15、aphor of a flying eagleto represent the movement of money.(A picture of an eagle is engraved on one sideof a quarter).3.In narrating the incidents in the classroom and in the restaurant,Gregory choosesto provide actual dialogue rather than merely to tell what happened.Why?AnswerBy using the exact wo
16、rds spoken by Helene,the teacher,and himself,Gregory gives a very clear picture of what happened by allowing the reader toexperience it,rather than simply hear a general summary.The dialogue betweenHelene and the teacher shows Helene as an ideal little student who receivedapproval from the teacher.T
17、he dialogue between Gregory and the teacher,however,clearly demonstrates Gregorys eagerness to impress Helene and his unsuc cessful,embarrassing attempt to gain the teachers approval.If Gregory had merelydescribed what had happened,we would have a much less vivid impression of thecharacters involved
18、.4.At the end of the essay,Gregory shifts his focus from the classroom to the sceneinvolving the wino at the restaurant.What is the connection between this closing sceneand the rest of the essay?Answerln the body of the essay,Gregory is narrating a time that he was shamedpublicly and no one came to
19、his defense.In the closing scene,Gregory realizes thathe has done the same thingthat he,too,has witnessed a person being shamedwithout assisting him.He feels a new kind of“shame,“that of having failed to helpanother man in need.Critical Reading and Discussion5,861.When Gregory writes,never learned h
20、ate at home,or shame.I had to go toschool for that(paragraph 1),he is using ironn-inconsistency between what isexpected and what actually occurs.What does he mean by these two statements?What is the effect of his irony?AnswenGregory means that although his home life was one of poverty and want,his h
21、ome was not a place of inhumane values,such as hatred and shame.But atschool,which on its surface was a more positive place,he was made to feel hatredand shame.The ironic statement intrigues the reader and makes him or her want toknow more about what Gregory means.2.What are Gregorys feelings about
22、his teacher?What were your feelings about her asyou read this essay?What could the teacher have done or said that wtuhive madeGregory feel ashamed?AnswenGregory seems sad and resentful that the teacher did not understand whyhe misbehaved in class and that she assumed he was stupid and a troublemaker
23、.Buthe also wanted her approval badly,as seen by the Community Chest incident andthe fact that he got a big thrill“out of being chosen to clean the blackboard.Students1 suggestions about the teacher will vary.One possibility:She could havemerely thanked Gregory in class and then spoken to him privat
24、ely later if shedoubted that he could contribute to Community Chest.3.Gregory shows how a childhood incident taught him shame.What other importantlessons does Gregory learn in this essay?Explain.AnswerFrom paragraph 3,in which Gregory talks about his accomplishments laterin life,we can conclude that
25、 he learned he could boost his self-esteem through hisown efforts.Paragraph 5 shows that from his own experiences,he learned thatchildren who are hungry and poor may feel invisible and so behave in ways thatattract attention.From his experience with the wino,he learned that in order to feelgood abou
26、t himself,he would have to start standing up for other people who wereshamed.4.At the end of his essay,Gregory says,I waited too long to help another man.Whydo you think he waited so long to assist the wino?What are some reasons peopledo not always help others who are in need(for example,ignoring a
27、homelessperson seated on the sidewalk)?AnswenGregory probably had many reasons for not helping the wino sooner:embarrassment at drawing attention to himself,reluctance to part with his hard-earned money,not wanting to get in trouble with Mr.Williams,not knowing thewino and thus feeling the affair wa
28、snt his business,etc.People have similarreasons for not helping others in need.In addition,people who ignore a homelessman may feel that the mans problemsmaybe including substance abuse ormental illnessare so big and deep-rooted that they are not qualified to help himin any effective way.Thesis-and-
29、Support OutlineThesis:Living poor was,for the author,a humiliating experience.1.He was embarrassed in front of his classmates and,worse,in front of HeleneTucker(7-23).2.Everybody knew he was a worthy boy who had no Dad and no money(28).3.His self-pity prevented him from helping another poor man,the
30、wino(29-37).R567 Suggested Answers for Propaganda Techniques in Todays Advertisingby AnnMcClintockNote:The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comprehension Questions,648-6491.b2.d3.b Answer a is too broad;answers c and d are too narrow.4.c Answers a and b ar
31、e too narrow;answer d is too broad.5.b Paragraph 96.d Paragraphs 18-197.c Paragraph 168.c Paragraph 239.b10.aStructure and Technique,649-6501.In paragraph 1,McClintocks choice of words reveals her attitudes otward bothpropagandists and the public.What specific words reveal her attitudes,and whatatti
32、tudes do they represent?AnswenMcClintock describes propagandists as“seducers and brainwashers.Sherefers to their alluring images/1 their“tricks,“and their,charm.,She describes thepublic as“content and eager.victims/1 Her choice of words makes it clear thatshe thinks propagandists are untrustworthy a
33、nd interested in taking unfairadvantage of a too-trusting public.2.What key term does McClintock define in paragraph 2?Why does she define it here?Where else in the essay does she use the technique of definition?AnswenShe defines the term“propaganda.She places the definition close to thebeginning be
34、cause it is so essential to the readers understanding of the rest of heressay.Other points at which McClintock uses definition are in paragraphs 5,6,9,12,16,18,and 21.In each of those paragraphs,she defines a particular propagandatechnique.3.McClintock uses parentheses in two lists,the ones in parag
35、raphs 7 and 19.Whatpurpose do these parentheses serve?AnswenParagraph 7 lists high-sounding but basically empty phrases.The authoruses parentheses to add comments that reveal the emptiness of those listedphrases.Paragraph 19 lists claims that include weasel words.The author usesparentheses to show j
36、ust how insubstantial those weasel words are.4.McClintock provides abundant examples throughout her essay.Why does sheprovide so many examples?What does she accomplish with this technique?Answer:McClintocks many examples,drawn from the television and print ads we allsee every day,clarify her definit
37、ions and demonstrate that propaganda techniquesare truly a factor in everyday life.The examples make the reader more aware of theeffects of propaganda on decisions he or she makes.Critical Reading and Discussion6,501.Some of the propaganda techniques listed in the selection have contrastingappeals.H
38、ow do name-calling and glittering generalities contrast with each other?Testimonials and plain folks?Answer:Name-calling appeals to the instincts of fear,anger,and mistrust.Namecalling propaganda encourages the public to reject something or someone.Glittering generalities,on the other hand,appeal to
39、 the publics positive emotions:love,attraction,patriotism.The public is asked to accept the thing or personadvertised by associating it with those emotions.Testimonials depend on the publics interest in or affection for celebrities-peopleordinary viewers dont know but admire and see as bigger and mo
40、re important thanthemselves.By contrast,plain folks advertising is based on the idea that the publiclikes to see ordinary peoplepeople like themselvesin the products and servicesthey buy.2.Why are ads that use the bandwagon approach so effective?What ads have youseen recently that use that approach?
41、Answer:The bandwagon technique is effective because of the human need to bepart of a group.We feel safe and secure when we are surrounded by people whoagree with us about something even something as trivial as what frozen coffeecake is best(Nobody doesnt like Sara Lee).Answers to the second question
42、 willvary.3.The author states,Americans,adults and children alike,are being seduced.Whatmight be the differences between the ways adults and children react to theseductions of advertising?AnswenAnswers will vary.4.McClintock states,HWe are victims,seemingly content even eagerto bevictimized(paragrap
43、h 1).Do you agree?Is this artikMyl to change how you viewads in the future?Why or why not?AnswenAnswers will vary.Thesis-and-Support OutlineThesis:People should detect and understand common propaganda techniques,whichappealto the emotions rather than to logic.1.We are bombarded with ads,which presen
44、t biased messages through variouspropaganda techniques,including seven common ones(1-4).2.Name callingreferring to a competitor with negatively charged names orcomments(5).3.Glittering generalitiesmaking important-sounding general claims with noexplanation(6-8).4.Transferassociating something with a
45、 symbol or image most people respect andadmire(9-11).5.Testimonialpromoting something with the support of a celebrity(12-15).6.Plain folksassociating something with the average person(16-17).7.Card stackingmaking something sound good by suppressing relevant evidenceor making an unfinished claim(18-1
46、9).8.Bandwagonappealing to peoples desire to do what many othe rs are doing(20-21).9.Use critical thinking to avoid reacting emotionally to ads(22-23).R592 Suggested Answers for Heres to Your HealthUoan DunayerNote：The numbers in parentheses refer to relevant paragraphs in the selection.Reading Comp
47、rehension Questions,667-6681.c2.c3.dAnswers a,b,and c are too narrow.4.c Answer a is too narrow;answer b is too broad;answer d,neverdirectly stated in the article,is too narrow.5.b Paragraph 66.False Paragraph 47.True Paragraph 88.a9.False Paragraphs 6 and 810.d Paragraphs 4 and 8Structure and Techn
48、ique,668-6691.What method of introduction does Dunayer use?What effect do you think shehoped to achieve with this introduction?Answer:She uses an anecdote.By telling a brief story about Tods experience,sheputs a human face on the larger idea that alcohol abuse is linked to societalpressure.It also s
49、ets the tone for Dunayers thesis by showing the potential dangerof even small amounts of alcohol.2.Dunayer introduces her criticism of alcohol with the words“Part of the myth is(See the first sentence of paragraph 3.)What addition transitions does she use tointroduce each of the three other parts of
50、 the myth(in the first sentences ofparagraphs 5,7,and 9)?What is gained by the use of these transitions?Answer:The three addition transitions are“another,also,and finally.Eachtransition makes the reader aware that one element of the myth is beingintroduced.3.The body of Dunayers essay is made up of